gases chapter 10/11 modern chemistry
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Gases Chapter 10/11 Modern Chemistry. Sections 10.1, 11.1-11.3 The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter Gases and Pressure The Gas Laws Gas Volumes and the Ideal Gas Law. Section 11.2. The Gas Laws. Boyle’s Law. TEMP. TEMP. PRESSURE. AMOUNT. AMOUNT. VOLUME. Boyle’s Law. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Chapter 8 Section 1 Describing Chemical Reactions p. 261-275
1
GasesChapter 10/11Modern Chemistry
Sections 10.1, 11.1-11.3Sections 10.1, 11.1-11.3The Kinetic Molecular Theory of MatterThe Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter
Gases and PressureGases and PressureThe Gas LawsThe Gas Laws
Gas Volumes and the Ideal Gas LawGas Volumes and the Ideal Gas Law
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
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The Gas Laws
Section 11.2Section 11.2
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
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Boyle’s LawBoyle’s Law
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
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• P & V relationship; n & T held constant• “The volume of a fixed mass of gas
varies inversely with the pressure at constant temperature.”
Boyle’s LawBoyle’s Law
Insert Glencoe Chemistry Matter Disc 2
p. 369
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
5
KMT ExplanationPressure is caused by gas particles colliding
Boyle’s LawBoyle’s Law
with the container. If the volume is decreased, there are more particles per volume; so there are more collisions.
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
6
PV = kk is a constant
P1 V1 = k
P2 V2 = k
P1 V1 = P2 V2
Boyle’s LawBoyle’s Law
P1
P2
V1
V2
p. 370
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
7p. 370PV
= k
Gra
ph
PV
= k
Gra
ph
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
8Boyle
’s L
aw
Boyle
’s L
aw
Insert McMurry Fay Chemistry Disc 2
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
9
1. A sample of oxygen gas has a volume of 150.0 mL when its pressure is 0.947 atm. What will the volume of the gas be at a pressure of 0.987 atm if the temperature remains constant?
p. 3
70
1. 144 mL O2
Boyle’s Law ProblemBoyle’s Law Problem
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
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1. A balloon filled with helium gas has a volume of 500 mL at a pressure of 1 atm.The balloon is released and reaches an altitude of 6.5 km, where the pressure is 0.5 atm. If the temperature has remained the same, what volume does the gas occupy at this height?
p. 3
70
1. 1000 mL He
Practice Problems p. 370Practice Problems p. 370
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
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Charles’ LawCharles’ Law
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
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• Same size degrees as the Celcius scale
• 0 K = -273.15° C
• 0 K = absolute zero
• K = 273 + °C
Kelvin Temperature ScaleKelvin Temperature Scale
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
13
• V & T relationship; n & P held constant• The volume of a fixed mass of gas at
constant pressure varies directly with the Kelvin temperature.”
Charles’ LawCharles’ Law
Insert Glencoe Chemistry Matter Disc 2
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
14
KMT ExplanationAt a higher temperature, the gas molecules move faster. They collide with the walls of the container with more frequency and with more force.
Charles’ LawCharles’ Law
The volume of a flexible container will increase in order for the pressure to stay the same.
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
15Tem
pera
ture
& V
olu
me
Tem
pera
ture
& V
olu
me
Insert Holt Visualizing Matter Disc 2
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
16Tem
pera
ture
& V
olu
me
Tem
pera
ture
& V
olu
me
Insert Holt Visualizing Matter Disc 2
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
17
V / T = k k = a constant
V1 / T1 = k
V2 / T2 = k
V1 = V2
T1 = T2
Charles’ LawCharles’ Law
p. 372
T1 T2
V1
V2
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
18p. 372V/T
= k
Gra
ph
V/T
= k
Gra
ph
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
19
1. A sample of neon gas occupies a volume of 752 mL at 25°C. What volume will the gas occupy at 50°C if the pressure remains constant?
p. 3
72
1. 815 mL Ne
Charles’ Law ProblemCharles’ Law Problem
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
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1. A sample of neon gas has a volume of 752 mL at 25.0°C.What will the volume at 100.0°C be if pressure is constant?
2. A sample of nitrogen gas is contained in a piston with a freely moving cylinder. At 0.0°C, the volume of the gas is 375 mL.To what temperature must the gas be heated to occupy a volume of 500.0 mL?
p. 3
72
1. 941 mL 2. 91°C
Practice Problems p. 372Practice Problems p. 372
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
21
Gay-Lussac’s LawGay-Lussac’s Law
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
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• P & T relationship; n & V held constant
• “The pressure of a fixed mass of gas at constant volume varies directly with the Kelvin temperature.”
Gay-Lussac’s LawGay-Lussac’s Law
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
23
KMT ExplanationPressure is a result of collisions. If temperature is increased then the particles move faster with more force; and particles have more collisions. So pressure is increased.
Gay-Lussac’s LawGay-Lussac’s Law
Insert Holt Visualizing Matter Disc 2
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
24
P / T = k k = a constant
P1 / T1 = k
P2 / T2 = k
P1 = P2
T1 = T2
Gay-Lussac’s LawGay-Lussac’s Law
T1
P1
P2
T2
p. 373
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
25p. 373P/T
= k
Gra
ph
P/T
= k
Gra
ph
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
26
1. The gas in a container is at a pressure of 3.00 atm at 25°C. Directions on the container warn the user not to keep it in a place where the temperature exceeds 52°C. What would the gas pressure in the container be at 52°C?
p. 3
73
1. 3.27 atm
Gay-Lussac’s Law ProblemGay-Lussac’s Law Problem
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
27
1. At 120.0°C, the pressure of a sample of nitrogen is 1.07 atm. What will the pressure be at 205°C, assuming constant volume?
2. At 122°C the pressure of a sample of nitrogen gas is 1.07 atm. What will the pressure be at 205°C, assuming constant volume?
p. 3
74
1. 1.30 atm 2. 1.29 atm
Practice Problems p. 374Practice Problems p. 374
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
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3. A sample of helium gas has a pressure of 1.20 atm at 22°C. At what Celsius temperature will the helium reach a pressure of 2.00 atm, assuming constant volume?
p. 3
74
3. 219°C
Practice Problems p. 374Practice Problems p. 374
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
29
Combined Gas LawCombined Gas Law
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
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• P, V and T relationship; n held constant• “The combined gas law expresses the
relationship between pressure, volume and temperature of a fixed amount of gas.”
Combined Gas LawCombined Gas Law
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
31
Boyle’s LawCharles Law
Gay-Lussac’s Law
Combined Gas LawCombined Gas Law
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
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Standard Temperature and PressureStandard Pressure
1.00 atm760 mm Hg101.325 kPa
Standard Temperature273 K0° C
STPSTP
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
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1. A helium-filled balloon has a volume of 50.0 L at 25°C and 1.08 atm. What volume will it have at 0.855 atm and 10.0°C?
p. 3
75
1. 60.0 L He
Combined Gas Law ProblemsCombined Gas Law Problems
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
34
1. The volume of a gas is 27.5 mL at 22.0°C and 0.974 atm. What will the volume be at 15.0°C and 0.993 atm?
2. A 700.0 mL gas sample at STP compressed to a volume of
3. 200.0 mL, and the temperature is increased to 30.0°C.What is the new pressure of the gas in Pa?
p. 3
75
1. 26.3 mL 2. 3.94 105 Pa, or 394 kPa
Practice Problems p. 375Practice Problems p. 375
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
35
Ch 11 Sec 2 Homework
Page 375 # 1-6
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
36p. xx
Title ImageTitle Image
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
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http://www.eggs.ab.ca/kids/Egg%20Science/contents.htm
Emptying an EggshellEmptying an Eggshell
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
38
http://www.abc.net.au/science/features/whyisitso/default.htm
Drinking BirdDrinking Bird
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
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Egg in a BottleEgg in a Bottle
http://www.eggs.ab.ca/kids/Egg%20Science/contents.htm