gas dehydration
DESCRIPTION
Gas DehydrationTRANSCRIPT
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 1
Chng3:
Lm kh kh
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 2
Chng3: Lm kh kh
3.1. Giithiuchung
Ncl tpchtphbinnhtlntrong cc hydrocarbon
Nclntrong kh thin nhin trong qu trnh khoan, khai thc, v
qu trnh lm ngtkh (tch loicc kh chua H2S, CO2) vvNcgy ra cc vnsau:
Tothnh hyrtgy tcnghnvan, uvi, trong qu trnhvnchuyn
Gy nmn ngng,cc thitb
Gy ra cc phnngph,tobt,hoclm mthottnh xctc trong cc qu trnh chbintiptheo
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 3
Chng3: Lm kh kh
Hm lng hi nc trong kh ty thuc vo p sut,nhit,v thnh phnha hccakh.
mbo hal mngvitrngthi bo ha hi
nccakh.mtuytil khilngncchatrong 1 nvthtch hoc1 nvkhilngkh.
mtngil tlgiakhilnghinccha
trong kh v khi lnghincccicha trong thtch kh xc nhiukinbo ha.
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 4
Chng3: Lm kh kh
= p / P
vi: : m tng i
p: p sut ring phn hi nc trong kh
P: p sut hi nc bo ha
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Chng3: Lm kh kh
m cn bng ca kh thin nhin ph thuc vothnh phnkh v hm lngmui:
Tngttrngkh v hm lngmui,hm lngnccakhgim.
Khi c H2S, CO2th mcakh tng.
Khi c N2th mkh gim.
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 6
Chng3: Lm kh kh
Hydrat l hpchtdngtinh thtntitrngthi bnvngtrong iukinxc nh.
iukintohydrat:
Nhit,p sutkh.Thnh phn kh: C1, C2, C3, i-C4, N2, H2S, CO2, Ar c th tohydrat, nhngn-C4khng tohydrat. NhitbtutohydratcaC1gimkhi trong kh c chaC3+.
Nngmui: tngnngmui,nhitbtutohydratgim.
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 7
Chng3: Lm kh kh
3.2. Lm kh kh bngphngphp cch
Lm kh kh nhm lyhinc ra khikh v himsngxungthphnnhitvnchuynv chbin.
Hm lng nc ti a cho php trong dng kh snphmthng thngl 100 mg H2O/ 1 Sm3kh.
Cc phngphp lm kh kh:
Dng chtcchhnchtohydrat.
Hpthhincbngchtlngho nc.Hpphhimbngchtlm kh rnhatha.
Ngngthimnhnn hoclm lnhkh.
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 8
Chng3: Lm kh kh
Hm lng nc trong kh thin nhin cn phi ctnh ton, donqua xy dngcphngnlm kh kh tiu.
Hm lngncbo ho trong kh ngtphthucvoP, T, v thnh phnkh (ttrngtngi: SGg = Mg/Mkk= Mg/ 28.97)
Kh chua (c chaH2S v CO2) s c hm lngnc
cao hn. Cnphihiuchnhhm lngnckhi nngH2S v/hocCO2trong dng kh lnhn5%
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 9
Phngphp tnh ton, don
Xc nhtth:
GinMcKetta v Wehe (1958): kh ngt
GinCampbell: kh chua Dng cng thc
nv: [mg/Sm3]; [lb/MMscf]
Sm3: mt khichun; otiiukinchunISO 2533 101.35 kPa;15oCMMscf : triu feet khi chun, o ti 14.7 psi (101.35kPa); 60 oF(15.56 oC)1 lb = 0.454 kg
Chng3: Lm kh kh
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 10
Chng3: Lm kh kh
Hm lng nc trong kh ngt
Gin McKetta v Wehe
Xc nh hm lng nc bo ho cho dng kh
hydrocacbon ngt c SGg 0.9; nhit 70o
C v psut6000 kPa.
- THnh 1: W = 4500 mg/Sm3
- Hshiuchnhcho SGg0.9: CG= 0.98
->Hm lngnc: W = 0.98 x 4500 = 4410 mg/Sm3
?01
A01
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 11
Hm lng nc trong kh chua
Tnh hm lngnccho dng kh: 80% C1, 10% H2S v 10%CO2, ti70 oC v 6000 kPa.
a) p dngcng thc:
W = yHCWHC+ yH2SWH2S+ yCO2WCO2= 0.8x4500 + 0.1x6000 + 0.1x4700 = 4670 mg/Sm3
cWHC, WH2S, WCO2tcc Hnh 1, 2 v 3
b) Dng ginCampbell vinngH2S tngng:
yH2S*= yH2S+ 0.75 x yCO2 = 0.175 = 17.5%
chm lngnctHnh 4: W = 4500 mg/Sm3 (6900 kPa);12000 mg/Sm3(2100 kPa) -> ti6000 kPa: W = 4514 mg/Sm3
?02
A
02
Chng3: Lm kh kh
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 12
Xc nhiukinP, T tothnh hydrat:
Xc nhSGg
SdngHnh 5 cgi trP, T tngng Phngphp Katz
Xc nhiukintothnh hydrat trong qu trnh gin
nkh (gimp) Sdngcc gintrong Hnh 6-7
Chng3: Lm kh kh
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 13
Chng3: Lm kh kh
Cho dng kh:a) Xc nhP tothnh hydrat ti10oC.
b) Dng kh trn cgin nt10000 kPa
xung 3400 kPa. Xc nh T ti thiu khng c s to thnh hydrat trong qutrnh gin n.
c) Dng kh trn ti15000 kPa, 40oC c thgin nnp sutno m khng b tothnh hydrat?
0.002CO2
0.094N2
0.024C4
0.036C3
0.060C2
0.784C1
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 14
Chng3: Lm kh kh
a) SGg= 0.693
ctgintrong Hnh 5: P = 2200 kPa
b) Tgintrong Hnh 7, tm imnigiangpsutu10000kPa v p sut sau 3400 kPa. cTtngng(~450C).
c) CngtHnh 7, tm imnigiangp sutu
15000kPa v nhit400
C, cp sutsau (~ 8000kPa)
A04
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 15
Chng3: Lm kh kh
Phngphp Katz
Chnh xc hnphngphp dng th
Chnmtgi tr T tiP cho trc (hocP tiT chotrc)
Sdngcc gintrong Hnh 8-11 xc nhhngscn bngkh-rnKv-scho mihydrocarbon.
Xt tng(yi/Ki,v-s)
Lpli3 bctrn cho nkhi (yi/Ki,v-s) = 1
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 16
Chng3: Lm kh kh
Cho dng kh:Xc nhP tothnh hydrat ti2000 kPatheo phngphp Katz.
So snh viktquca
?05
0.002CO2
0.094N2
0.024C4
0.036C3
0.060C2
0.784C1
?
04
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 17
Chng3: Lm kh kh
Xt T = 10oCA05 y Kv-s y/Kv-s
C1 0.784 2.05 0.382
C2 0.060 0.82 0.073
C3 0.036 0.12 0.3
C4 0.024 0.045 0.533
y/Kv-s= 1.288 > 1
Xt T = 12oC y Kv-s y/Kv-s
C1 0.784 2.12 0.3698
C2 0.060 1.1 0.0545
C3 0.036 0.23 0.1565
C4 0.024 0.084 0.2857
y/Kv-s= 0.8665 < 1Xt ti 11oC, thu c y/Kv-s = 1.0417 ~ 1,
c th kt lun y l nhit to hydrt ca dng kh ti 2000 kPa
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 18
Chng3: Lm kh kh
ividng kh chua c nngH2S, CO2cao:
Khng sdngcphngphp Katz !!!
S dng phng php Baille-Wichert: hiu chnhnhittohydrat thng qua % C3
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 19
Cho dng kh:
a) Xc nhT to thnh hydrat ti
4200 kPa ?
?06
0.042H2S
0.070CO2
0.003N2
0.004C4
0.007C3
0.031C2
0.843C1
Chng3: Lm kh kh
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 20
Chng3: Lm kh kh
Dng phngphp Baille-Wicherta) SGg= 0.682
b) GinHnh 12: 4200 kPa -> 4.2 %H2S -> SGg= 0.682
c) Theo dcphndicaginxc nhcT to
hydrat tngngl 17.5oC.d) Hiuchnhtheo %C3
Tginhiuchnhtrong Hnh 12, tm imnigia%H2S v%C3. Dng thngxungngP = 4200kPa.
cnhithiuchnh: -1.5o
C.e)VyT tohydrat cadng kh ny l 16oC
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 21
Chng3: Lm kh kh
Phng php hp th bng dung mi: EG, DEG, TEG,PG...
Phng php hp ph bng cht hp ph rn: Alumina,
Ry phn t, silica gel, CaCl2...Phng php lm lnh di im sng bng tc nhn
lnh hoc gin n nhanh
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 22
Chng3: Lm kh kh
3.2.1. Phngphp cchtohydrate
Bnchtcaphngphp cch l avo dng khm chtc chha tan trong nc t do v do lm
gimp suthincv nhittohydrat.Cc chtcchthngsdng: methanol, glycol,
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 23
Chng3: Lm kh kh
Phng trnh Hammerschmidt:
t = 0,556 K W / (M(100-W))
t: lng gim nhit hydrat ha p sut xc nh (0C).
W: hm lng cht c ch (%).M: phn t lng cht c ch.
K: hng s (K = 2335 cho methanol, = 4000 cho glycol).
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 24
Chng3: Lm kh kh
Chi ph cht c ch (kg/1000 m3 kh) lai tr hnhthnh hydrat:
q = (W1W2) C2/(C1C2)
W1, W2: hm lngm trong kh trcv sau khi achtcchvo (kg/1000 m3kh).
C1, C2: nngkhilngchtcchtrcv sau khi sdng.
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 25
Chng3: Lm kh kh
So snh cc chtcch:
Methanol: p st hi bo ha cao nn kh thu hi v hannguyn.
Glycol: thnmethanol, p suthibo ha thphnnn cththu hiv han nguyn han tan.
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 26
Methanol vs. Glycol
Methanol Glycol
Khng n mn
Khng phn ng vi HC
Tan v hn trong nc
Tan trong HC (0.5 wt%)Khng thu hi c
D bay hi di iu kin vn hnhR
S dng khi yu cu nhit < -250C
t tan trong HCThu hi v ti s dng c
Khng bay hi
t hnS dng n - 250C
Chng3: Lm kh kh
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 27
Chng3: Lm kh kh
La chn cht c ch glycol: ph thuc nhit tohydrat, nht, mc h nhit , s ha tan tronghydrocarbon, nhittch chit,thnh phnkh.
Hm lnggiihncho php cadung dchglycol (%kl)cnphigitrong hcc nhitkhc nhau:
T(0) Etylen Glycol Dietylen Glycol Tetraetylen Glycol
-22,3 40-93 48-91 49-92
-28,9 45-91 51-88 53-90-34,4 49-88 56-85 57-88
-45,6 56-81 - -
h kh kh
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 28
Nguyn tccaphngphp cch: athm vo dng kh mtchtc khnngkthpvipha ncnhmhthpnhittohydrat timtp sutcho.
Nn xem xt sdngphngphp gy cchkhi:
+ victothnh hyratc thdinra trong thigian ngn
+ nhithotngcahthngchthphnvi so vinhittohyratcadng kh
Cc chtcchthngsdng: glycols (EG, DEG, TEG), methanol,
Cc chtcchthngcphun thngvo dng kh
Chng3: Lm kh kh
Ch 3 L kh kh
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Chng3: Lm kh kh
Ch 3 L kh kh
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 30
Chng3: Lm kh kh
3.2.2. Lm kh bngphngphp hpth
Da trn s chnh lch p sut hi nc trong kh vchthpth.
Cc chthpththngsdng: mono-, di-, tri-etylenglycol.
Ch 3 L kh kh
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 31
Qu trnh hp th
L qu trnh truyn khi t pha kh sang pha lng
y l qu trnh tng tc vt l gia hi nc v dung mi
Hai nh lut chi phi qu trnh hp ph:
Raoult: Pi= Pi* x Xi Dalton: Pi= Ptotalx Yitrong :
Pi: p sut ring phn ca cu t i
Pi* : p sut hi ca cu t i nguyn cht
Ptotal: p sut tng ca dng kh
Xi: % cu t i trong pha lng
Yi: % cu t i trong pha kh
Din ra hiu qu hn T thp v Ptotalcao
P*
i / Ptotal= Yi / Xi
Chng3: Lm kh kh
Ch 3 L kh kh
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 32
Yu cucadung mi:
C i lcvincmnh,v viHC thp
C bay hithptinhithpth: gimmtmt dung mi
C nhtthp: dbmv tipxc ttvidng kh
C bnnhittt: hiuquthu hicao
Khnnggy nmn thp
Triethylene glycol (TEG) l dung mi phbinnht
Chng3: Lm kh kh
Chng 3: Lm kh kh
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 33
Chng3: Lm kh kh
u im Nhc im
DEG
ho nc cao, bn caokhi c hpchtluhynh, oxy v
CO2nhitcao.Dung dchmckhng ng
bng.
Mtmt do b li cuncao hnso viTEG.
Khi han nguyn, kh nhnc dung dch vi hm lngDEG cao hn95%.
Gim nhit im sng thnso visdngTEG.
Gi thnh cao.
Chng 3: Lm kh kh
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 34
Chng3: Lm kh kh
u im Nhc im
TEGho nccao.Tokhnnggimimsngcao
hn, bn tt khi c hn hp luhynh.Ha tan hydrocarbon trong TEG cao
hnoxy v CO2iukinthng.Han nguyn ddng nnng
dung dch99%.
Dung dch m c khng ngbng.
bay hicaTEG thphnDEG.
utcbncao.Dung dchTEG c khnngtobt
cao khi c hydrocarbon nng,thm.Ha tan hydrocarbon trong TEG caohntrong DEG.
Chng 3: Lm kh kh
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 35
Chng3: Lm kh kh
u im Nhc im
Dung dch 10-30% MEA, 60-80% DEG, 5-10% nc
Chthpthcnc,CO2, H2S.Khnngtobtthp.
Mtmt do bcunra cao hnso viTEG.
Ch ng dng lm kh vlm schkh chua.
Chthpthnmn kim lainhithan nguyn.
Gimnhitimsngt.
Chng 3: Lm kh kh
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 36
Chng3: Lm kh kh
Theo thigian, nngchthpthtrong kh gimdospha lang canckhnnglm kh gim.
Gii hn nhit lm vic ca qu trnh lm kh khbngphngphp hpth:
Tmax= 380C: nhitcao qu gy mtmt glycol.
Tmin= 100C: nhitthpqu lm tngnhtdnngimkhnnght mcaglycol.
Chng 3: Lm kh kh
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 37
Chng3: Lm kh kh
Khi tngnng glycol, lnggim im sng tngnhiuhnso vikhi tngchi ph ring chthpth.
Nhitphn hycaDEG l 164,40C; TEG l 206,70Ckhi han nguyn glycol p sutthng,1 phnglycolb phn hy thchin han nguyn glycol p sutchn khng.
Chng 3: Lm kh kh
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 38
Chng3: Lm kh kh
Chng 3: Lm kh kh
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 39
Chng3: Lm kh kh
Chng 3: Lm kh kh
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 40
Chng3: Lm kh kh
3.2.3. Lm khan bngphngphp hpph
Da trn kh nng ht m t kh ca cht rn c cutrc xc nhnhitthpv giihpchng nhitcao.
L qu trnh vtl, hiuquty thucvo nhit,psutv bnchtchphpph.
ngdnglm kh su kh n-85 -1000C.
Chng 3: Lm kh kh
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 41
Chng3: Lm kh kh
Cc chthpphthngsdng:Al2O3
Silica gel
Ry phn t(zeolite): khi cnhimsngn-85
-1000
C.
Chng 3: Lm kh kh
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 42
Chng3: Lm kh kh
Ch s Al2O3 Silica gel ZeoliteHnh dngKch thc, mmL xp ni, %T trng nn, kg/m3
ng knh trung bnh l xp, nmB mt hp ph hat ng, m2/gTh tch hp ph cht hp ph kh, g/gNhit dung, kJ/kg 0C dn nhit, kJ/kg 0CNhit hp ph cc i, kJ/kg nc
Tr, vin, cu, bt0,6-6,025-40
480-8506,0-20,0100-3000,10-0,25
1,005-1,047795-1172
4787
Cu, bt2,4-4,030-40
400-7703,5-14,0200-9000,14-1,00,9217954187
Tr, cu, bt1,6-3,230-35
480-8000,3-1,0500-8000,20-0,65
0,837-
4187
Chng 3: Lm kh kh
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 43
cimcaphngphp hpph
- Hiu qu hn qu trnh hp th bng TEG
- C th lm kh n thp hn 0.1 ppm H2O
- Hiu qu kinh t v mi trng tt- Thng c s dng cng vi mt qu trnh
hp th bng TEG:
+ Thp hp th bng TEG lm kh n khong 60 ppm
+ Thp hp ph tip tc lm kh n 0.1 ~ 1 ppm
Chng3: Lm kh kh
Chng 3: Lm kh kh
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 44
Chng3: Lm kh kh
Qu trnh hpph ta nhitnhit cht hp phtngln trong qu trnh hpph.
Trong s hp ph chu k, c t 2-3 thp lm ccnhimv: hpph,giihp,lm lnhchthpph.
Nhithan nguyn chthpph: 176-2040C (Al2O3,silica gel); 316-3700C (zeolite).
Nhithan nguyn c nhhngnkhnnghp
phv lnggimnhitimsngcachthpph.Thigian lm viccachthpph: 2-5 nm.
Chng 3: Lm kh kh
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 45
Chng3: Lm kh kh
La chn cht hp ph:Silica gel: lm kh n im sng -53 -570C.
t st: lm kh n im sng -550C.
Al2O
3: lm kh n im sng -610C.
Zeolite NaA: lm kh n im sng -70 -750C.
Chng3: Lm kh kh
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 46
Yu cuvctnh cachthpph- Kh nng hp ph cao ti trng thi cn bng
+ gim th tch cht hp ph cn thit, gim chi ph v
nng lng qu trnh gii hp- chn la cao
+gim mt mt cc kh- D gii hp
+ Nhit gii hp thp, gim chi ph nng lng- gim p nh
- Tnh cht c hc tt
- R, tr v mt ho hc, khi lng ring ln v khng thayi th tch nhiu trong qu trnh hp ph
- Din tch b mt, kch thc mao qun
g
Chng3: Lm kh kh
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 47
Silica gel
- R
- D gii hp
- Kh nng hp ph cao: c th hp ph lng nc bng 45%khi lng ca n
- Thi gian s dng lu
- Hp ph n 5-10 ppm nc
g
Chng3: Lm kh kh
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 48
Alumina
- C tnh cht c hc tt nht
- Hp ph c kh chua (H2S, CO
2)
- D gii hp nht- Hp ph n 10-20 ppm nc
g
Chng3: Lm kh kh
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 49
g
Ry phn t(Zeolite)- Hp ph n 0.1 ppm nc
- Quan trng cho cc qu trnh kh nc trc khi dng kh
tri qua cc qu trnh lm lnh
- C cu trc mao qun kch thc u v c th iu khinc
- C kh nng hp ph kh chua
-t nht trong cc cht hp ph
- Nhit gii hp cao nht- Chi ph cho qu trnh hp ph vi zeolite l cao nht
Chng3: Lm kh kh
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 50
g
t im sng ca kh thp v lng gim imsngcao:
Lm kh hnhp2 giai an: giai an1 dng phngphphpth,giai an2 dng phngphp hpph.
Lm kh bnghpphtnghp: bc1 hpphtrn silica gelhoc Al2O3, bc 2 hpph trn zeolite. Phng php ny chophp laivtncra khidng kh v kh c imsngthp.
Chng3: Lm kh kh
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 51
u, nhc im ca phng php lm kh bng hp phu im Nhc im
Khang bin thin thng scng nghrng.
Cho php nhn c imsng thp v gim imsngcao.
Thay i nhit v p sutkhng nh hng ng k nchtlnglm kh.
ngin,tin cycao.
utln.Chi ph vnhnh cao.
Khng c cc qu trnh lmvic lin tc trong tng cngan hp ph, gii hp, lmngui.
Hiuquhpphgimdndobucbicc chtcchnmn v cc hp cht ha hckhc dnnphithay mi.
Chng3: Lm kh kh
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Bng chuyn i n v
0F = 0C x 1.8 + 320R (Rankine Temperature) = oF + 460
1 psi = 0.068 bar = 6.8 kPa
1 lb = 0.454 kg
1 ft = 0.305 m
1 inch = 0.0254 m
MMscfd ~ milion standard cubic feet per day
Chng3: Lm kh kh
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TS. Nguyn Hu Lng CN Ch Bin Kh 53
Bng iu kin chun
H T P V
SI
Universal scientific
Nat. gas industry
American engineering
273.15K
0oC
60oF
32oF
101.325 kPa
760 mm Hg
14.7 psi
1 atm
22.415 m3/kmol
22.415 L/mol
379.4 ft3/lb mol
359.05 ft3/lb mol
Chng3: Lm kh kh
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Mtsimcn lu khi hatng thitbkhncbngchthpphry phn t:
Sthay ip suttilpchthpphkhng nn vtqu 50psi/ph (6 kPa/s).
ngknh lphpphkhng nn qu ln.
Khi khnnghpphgimv gimp suttngmnh,chthpphnn c thay mi. Thng thng,chthpph ryphn tmt35% hat tnh sau thigian hatng1-3 nm;
hocmt50% hattnh sau 1600 lnti sinh.
Chng3: Lm kh kh
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Thng thng,chthpphry phn t4A c khnnghpph20 lb nc/100 lb htivihtmi,v 13 lb nc/100 lb htivihtsdngiukin75oF (24oC).
Hai yutnhhngnkhnnghpphcachthpph:
bo ha hinctrong dng kh.
Nhitdng kh.
Chng3: Lm kh kh
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