Universe 1

Astronomy 20 1

Galileo

Champion of theCopernican Theory

Astronomy 20 2

Galileo

Galileo Galilei

1564 born in Pisa, Italy 1588-1591 University of Pisa 1591-1610 University of

Padua 1609 makes his first telescope 1610 The Starry Messenger 1633 Trial. 1642 dies in Florence.

Astronomy 20 3

Galileo

5 Discoveries with the Telescope

1) Unseen stars

Universe 2

Astronomy 20 4

Galileo

5 Discoveries with the Telescope

2) Mountains andvalleys on the Moon

Astronomy 20 5

Galileo

5 Discoveries with the Telescope

3) Moons of Jupiter

Astronomy 20 6

Galileo

5 Discoveries with the Telescope

4) Sunspots

Universe 3

Astronomy 20 7

Galileo

5 Discoveries with the Telescope

5) Gibbous phase of Venusgibbous=more than half full

Ruled out the PtolemaicTheory!

Astronomy 20 8

Galileo

The Trial of Galileo 1616 Cardinal Bellarmine

prohibits Galileo fromteaching Copernicus.

1618 Cardinal Barberinibecomes Pope Urban VIII

1632 publication of DialogConcerning Two WorldSystems

1633 arrest and trial

Bellarmine

Barberini

Scheiner

Astronomy 20 9

Galileo

The Trial of Galileo

"Eppur si muove."

Universe 4

Astronomy 20 10

Galileo

The Copernican RevolutionAstronomy

The planets are worlds like theEarth.

The Earth is a planet. The stars are distant Suns.

Astronomy 20 11

Galileo

The Copernican RevolutionPhysics

Aristotle’s Laws of Motion hadto be discarded.

Led to the Law of Gravity. Occam’s Razor became an

established guideline.

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Galileo

The Copernican RevolutionPhilosophy

Aristotle was fallible. Mankind is not the center of

the Universe. The Earth is not inherently evil. Discovery and progress are

possible.

Universe 5

Astronomy 20 13

Galileo

Francis Bacon Call for a New Science

1) Goal of science: betterment ofmankind.

2) Separation of science andreligion.

3) Use of Scientific Method ofexperimentation.

4) Science a collaborative effort.

"No pleasure is comparable to the standing upon the vantage-ground of truth. "