galileo european satellite navigation system

Nottingham Geospatial Institute

Galileo

Illustration: ESA Illustration: ESA

Professor Terry Moore

Professor of Satellite Navigation


The University of Nottingham


No. of satellites 30 MEO

Constellation 3 planes, 120°

Altitude 23222 km

Inclination 56°

Ground repeat 10 days

Global, European-led under civil control

Independent but compatible & interoperable with GPS

A variety of services are planned

Galileo European Satellite Navigation System


-Critical Infrastructure (dependence on GPS)

-European independence and sovereignty

-Civil controlled

-A key enabling technology for EU competitiveness

-Transport infrastructure overload

-Better & new services for citizens

- Improved safety of transport

- Environmental benefits

- Global market shares

- Global competitiveness of all segments of the Value Chain

- Employment

- Efficiency of transport & other industries

-Technological lead to European industry

-Not a high technological risk

Political

Social

Economic

Technological

Galileo Why do we need Galileo ?


Higher Galileo orbit coupled with inclination increase give better coverage at high latitudes

Galileo and GPS

Galileo GPS

Satellites 27+3 24 (31!)

Planes 3 6

Satellites per plane 10 4-7

Plane Spacing 120o 60o

Inclination 56o 55o

Orbit type MEO Circular MEO circular

Orbit Radius 29,500km 26,500km

Period 14¼ hour 12 hour

Sat ground track repeat 10 days 1 day


Galileo System Architecture

Users

Navigation & Integrity Uplinks

Satellite control TT&C

Sensor stations

Comms Networks

Control & Processing

Centres

Satellites


Ground Segment Sites

Kiruna

GSS

GSS + ULS

GSS + ULS + TTC

Svalbard

Kourou Under FOC procurement

FOC contract awarded

Papeete

Réunion

Redu

IOV contracts/ATP

Troll

Fucino

Noumea

StPierre&M.

Ascencion

Kerguelen

Az/Can

Cordoba South Africa

USNO

Hawaii Riyadh

Easter Island Perth Hartebeesthoek

S.Korea

Wainwright

Note: other potential sites are under consideration for FOC, incl. Falklands, Terre Adélie, Jan Mayen, Reykjavik, Diego Garcia, Guam

Nottingham Geospatial Institute IOV Ground Segment Sites

Kiruna Galileo TTC Site Completed (Nov 2007)

Svalbard Galileo ULS/GSS Site Completed (May 2008)


Ground Control Centres

Fucino (Italy)

Oberpfaffenhofen (Germany)

Credits: ESA

Credits: ESA

Credits: ESA


Open Service (OS)

Search and Rescue Service (S&R)

Public Regulated Service (PRS)

Commercial Service (CS)

Safety-of-Life Service (SoL)

Proposed Services


GNSS-Frequency Bands

GPS GLONASS

1240 1256 1260 1300 MHz

E6

1217 1164 1188

E5B L5 L2 G2

GALILEO GALILEO GPS/ GALILEO

E5A

GPS/ GALILEO GLONASS

1563 1587 1593

1610 MHz 1559

E1 E2 G1 L1 C1

5030 MHz 5000 5010

Uplink

406.0-406.1 MHz

Distress Uplink

1544.05-1544.15 MHz

SAR-Fwd- downlink

GALILEO - SAR

E6-(A): -155dBW

E6-(B): -158dBW

E6-(C): -158dBW

L1(A): -155dBW

L1(B): -158dBW

L1(C): -158dBW

E5a-I: -158dBW E5b-I: -158 dBW

E5a-Q: -158dBW E5b-Q:-158 dBW

On-Ground Galileo Power


Galileo Signals


Impacts of Galileo Signal Design

• Improved acquisition & tracking

• Improved multipath performance

• Improved building penetration

• Through implementation of various signal features:

– Wider bandwidths

– More frequencies

– Improved BOC modulation schemes

– High chip rate

– Improved codes

– Pilot tone

• And dual (multiple) civil frequencies permitting mitigation of ionospheric uncertainty & supporting CP Ambiguity resolution


Galileo Initial Schedule


Proposed Galileo Structure Pre mid-2007 PPP Plan


Revised Management Structure


Galileo Timescale


Galileo Implementation Steps

Galileo System Testbed v1

Validation of critical algorithms

2003


2 initial test satellites

2005

In-Orbit Validation

4 IOV satellites plus ground segment

2012

Initial Operational Capability

Early Services for OS, SAR, PRS

18 satellites

2014

Full Operational Capability

All services, 30 satellites

2019/2020

http://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.esa.int/images/GSTB_V1_logo_120.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.esa.int/esaNA/SEMM9GRMD6E_galileo_2.html&h=120&w=98&sz=15&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=-GqYg-KeJUOkNM:&tbnh=88&tbnw=72&prev=/images?q=gstbv1&gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en&sa=G

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• Lift-off mass 450 kg

• Power demand 600 W

• Stowed Dimensions 1.3 m x 1.74 m x 1.4 m


• Power demand 943 W

• Stowed Dimensions: 0.955 m x 0.955 m x 2.4 m

GSTB-V2 / A Giove-A GSTB-V2 / B Giove-B

Galileo System Test Bed Satellites



• Power demand 1.6 kW

• Stowed Dimensions 2.7 m x 1.2 m x 1.1 m

• Nav Payload 115 kg, 780W

• SAR Payload 20kg, 100W

• Soyuz launcher

Galileo Spacecraft


Galileo IOC & FOC Procurement

ESA System Prime & Procurement Agent

System Support

Space Segment

Ground Control

Segment

Ground Mission

Segment

Launcher Operations

WP1

WP6 WP5 WP4 WP3 WP2

Time Services

Geodetic Services

SAR Initial Services

EC Programme Management

Site Hosting

Contracts already awarded

Delegation Agreement


Galileo Initial Operational Capability (IOC)

• Satellites (final design)

– Contract awarded for 14 satellites to new supplier – OHB

• IOV phase satellite from EADS Astrium

– Leads to constellation of 18 satellites in 2014

• 14 IOCs + 4 IOVs

• Enhanced ground segment

– More stations, more robust, more capabilities

– Ground Segment contracts awarded to Thales Alenia Space and to EADS Astrium

• Increased, but incomplete services

– OS: Yes

– PRS: Partial

– SoL: TBA

– Commercial: Beta test


Galileo Full Operational Capability (FOC)

• Completion of Satellite constellation – Another 12 Satellites (incl. 3 spares; replacements ?)

– Contract for 8 additional satellites, OHB systems, 2012

• Full ground infrastructure – Full functionality

– Full robustness and redundancy

• Full Services (probably)

– Political debate continues

• Could affect PRS and/or SoL Services

• Required a further €1.9B – From established EC budgets ?

• Schedule

– Completion: 2019/20


Galileo IOC and FOC Service Comparison

Initial operational capability

(IOC)

Full operational capability

(FOC)

Number of satellites 18 30

Galileo open service (OS) + GPS Partially enhanced GPS

service

Fully enhanced GPS+OS

service

Galileo open service (OS)

standalone

Partial performance Full performance

Search and rescue service (SAR) Partial performance Full performance

Commercial service (CS) Beta test possible Full performance

Safety of life service (SOL) To be defined To be defined

Public regulated service (PRS) Partial performance Full performance


Galileo FOC Procurement

Work Package Shortlisted Candidates/Winners

1. System Support Winner: ThalesAleniaSpace (IT)

2. Ground Mission Segment ThalesAleniaSpace (FR)

3. Ground Control Segment Astrium (UK)

4. Space Segment

Winner work order 1: OHB System (DE)

Candidates for the following work order:

OHB System (DE )

EADS-Astrium (DE)

5. Launch Services Winner: Arianespace (FR)

6. Operations OPAL (DE+IT)


Estimated Costs Build & Launch of Galileo

Item Cost in Euro

Phase 1 Definition (complete) €0.133 billion

Phase 2 Development and validation (under way) €1.502 billion

Phase 3 Deployment to IOC €3.405 billion

EGNOS costs to date included in Galileo Budged €0.520 billion

Funding for Galileo-related research Framework

programmes FP5 – FP7

€0.48 billion

Estimated total build and launch costs €6.04 billion

Deployment of full FOC €1.9 billion

Operations Phase ( cost over 20 years – not commenced) €7.96 billion

TOTAL

Estimated build, launch, & running costs 25 years

€15.9 billion


GPS / Galileo Interoperability

• Extensive EU/US negotiations at political and technical level over many years

• Signal interoperability:

– (a) Interoperable Signals

• Future receivers using MBOC can track GPS & Galileo signals

• Benefits of multiple GNSS constellations – greater signal availability and coverage worldwide

• Higher accuracy in challenging environments

– (b) Non-Overlapping Compatible Signals

• (Military) desire to be able to remove one signal (X) without disrupting another (Y)

• A point of contention since desire of the one military of one state may not overlap with desire in another state!


• Timescales

– GPS & Galileo systems broadcast the difference between their respective system times (GPST / GST) and Universal Time (UTC)

– Performance specified (maximum deviation, etc.)

– Can be solved in receiver by instigating “extra” unknown

– i.e. x, y, z, dT(GPS), dT(Galileo)

• Datums

– GPS: WGS84, Galileo: GTRF, GLONASS: PZ90; etc.)

– Implement algorithmic correction in receiver to change coordinates

GPS / Galileo Interoperability


Galileo Implementation Steps


Validation of critical algorithms

2003


2 initial test satellites

2005

In-Orbit Validation

4 IOV satellites plus ground segment

2012

Initial Operational Capability

Early Services for OS, SAR, PRS

18 satellites

2014

Full Operational Capability

All services, 30 satellites

2019/2020


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Contact Details

Professor Terry Moore

Director of the NGI

Nottingham Geospatial Building

The University of Nottingham

Triumph Road

Nottingham

NG7 2TU

Telephone: +44 (0) 115 951 3886

Fax: +44 (0) 115 951 3881

Email: [email protected]

WWW: www.nottingham.ac.uk/ngi

galileo european satellite navigation system

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