The Canadian cleaningindustry has been eagerto understand Greencleaning and, taking thatimportant step fur-

ther, to implement it in the facilitiesthey maintain. Typically, it is the end-use customer who initially requeststhat environmentally preferable clean-ing tools, products and proceduresbe used in a facility. But many Cana-dian cleaning contractors have takenthe first step by approaching their cli-ents and suggesting that Green clean-ing is healthier cleaning, is more en-vironmentally responsible and is thefuture of cleaning. This is definitely afeather in the cap of the Canadiancleaning industry.

To Sanitize orTo Disinfect: Thatis the Question

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Infection Control

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NEWS FROM THE ALBERTA, SASKATCHEWAN & MANITOBA CHAPTER OF CSSA

CSSA Today

Century Vallen latestmember to receiveCGSP certification Page 3Page 2

UNDELIVERABLES TO: 3 KENNETT DRIVE, WHITBY, ON L1P 1L5

Continued On Page 2

GREEN CLEANING

been tested by an independent, third-party organization and found to meetspecific standards, criteria establishedby credible certification organizationssuch as EcoLogo™, Green Seal® orthe U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency’s Design for the Environ-ment (DfE) program.

What are Volatile Organic Com-pounds (VOCs) and Why Are They anIssue in Green Cleaning?

VOCs are made up of carbon,oxygen, hydrogen, chlorine and othercompounds that vapourize or canform gases that are released into theair. Essentially, they cause indoor airpollution. They are found in all kindsof products from glue and paint tocarpeting and wallpaper. The big con-cern about VOCs is that they can beharmful to human health, especiallychildren’s health. For a cleaning prod-uct to be Green certified, it typicallymust have no or very low amountsof VOCs.

Are there Green-certified equivalentsfor all cleaning chemicals?

The industry is getting closer tohaving a Green product for everyneed. At one time, some leaders inNorth America’s professional clean-ing industry predicted that by now80 per cent of the chemicals marketedwould be conventional and only 20per cent would be Green. What weare seeing is that the opposite is true.About 80 per cent or more of the

What Makes Chemicals Green?Being able to clearly define what

makes the cleaning chemical green isone of the hallmarks of the Greenmovement. At one time people pro-moted environmentally preferablecleaning products without anyoneclearly defining what they are or,worse, every manufacturer, distribu-tor or end user having a different defi-nition. The confusion likely stale-mated the entire journey. These days,a product is proven Green if it has

However, as I always tell our dis-tributors, Green cleaning is a jour-ney: there is really no end point. Assuch, let us review some of the prin-ciples of Green cleaning and address

some new developments in its evo-lution.

What is Green Cleaning?We can define Green cleaning as a

cleaning process that is both effectiveand protective of health and the en-vironment. It is the use of cleaningchemicals, tools and equipment, pro-cedures and frequencies that workvery well but have reduced negativeimpact on the user, building occu-pants and the environment.

A Green ReviewBy MIKE SAWCHUK,

Vice President, Enviro-Solutions

2 CLEAN THE PRAIRIES - SUMMER 2011 Visit us on-line at wwww.cleantheprairies.com

PublisherMike Nosko

Perks Publications Inc.(905) 430-7267 ext. 24mike@perkspub.com

Editor / Production Dept.Tanja Nowotny

Perks Publications Inc.(905) 697-8905

tanja@perkspub.com

Editorial AssistantsRoger Manaigre

PlanetClean®(204) 633-8611

rlmmaxim@mts.net

Kathleen RodrigueAtlas Graham Industries Co. Ltd.

(204) 775-4451kathleen.rodrigue@ag.ca

Kevin SilviusPinnacle Distribution Inc.

(306) 721-1229pinnacledist@sasktel.com

Advertising SalesMike Nosko

Perks Publications Inc.(905) 430-7267 ext. 24mike@perkspub.com

Clean The Prairies is edited for thepeople who maintain high standardsof sanitary cleaning in commercial,institutional, residential and industrialfacilities (including hospitals, nursinghomes and long-term care facilities,schools, food processing plants,hotels, motels, recreational centres,shopping malls, government facilities,restaurants) as well as buildingowners, maintenance contractors,sanitary maintenance distributors andcarpet cleaners.

The editorial objective of Clean ThePrairies is to provide new and viewsabout new cleaning technologies, newsanitary cleaning methods, infectioncontrol procedures, contractor issues,technical and legal matters, cleaningregulations and standards,e d u c a t i o n a loppor tun i t i es ,industry trendsand informationfor people withinthe industry.

Clean ThePrairies is awholly-indepen-dent Canadian publication owned andoperated by Perks Publications Inc.,Whitby, Ont. Copyright 2011.

ADVERTISINGAdvertising is sold on a program basisonly and is restricted to members ofthe Canadian Sanitation SupplyAssociation (CSSA).

CIRCULATIONThe per issue circulation is 4000copies. Free distribution is controlledto ensure that no one company orindividual receives more than onecopy. Any company wishing additionalcopies can contact the publisher.Subscription: $24 per year in Canada(GST included); United States - $40(Cdn.); International - $60 (Cdn.).Persons wishing to subscribe toClean The Praires can do so bycompleting the subscription form inthis issue.

EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD

Continued From Page 1

A Green Review

CSSA NEWS

In May 2011, three CenturyVallen employeesearned their Expert Sustainability Professional(ESP) certification delivered under the Cana-dian Green Sustainability Program (CGSP).

The CGSP program, developed by the CanadianSanitation Supply Association (CSSA) is a progressivetraining tool that refocuses conventional cleaningmethodologies into a cleaning for health first phi-losophy. The program is designed to provide cleaningconsistency while detoxifying buildings of harmfuland toxic chemicals. The program provides third partycertification, through Franken LeDrew Consulting, toevery aspect of the industry – including building own-ers, in-house service providers, building service con-tractors, distributors and manufacturers.

The ESP certification affords Century Vallen the

employees of other organizations that would like anin-house environmental champion within their facil-ity. These in-house facility providers can be certified as

Canadian Green Sustainability Program Update

Century Vallenlatest member toreceive certification

Continued On Page 6

I

chemicals most commonly used forcleaning have Green-certified equiva-lents. Floor finishes has been one ofthe few areas where some manufac-turers are still finding it difficult todevelop a more environmentally pref-erable equivalent that performs as wellas and is competitive in price to tradi-tional alternatives. However, somefinishes are now available that are cer-tified, effective and, in some cases, per-form even better than their conven-tional counterparts, although they arestill a bit more expensive.

Don’t all Green cleaning chemicalsperform about the same?

The answer is a big NO. Do allconventional cleaning chemicals per-

form the same? Again, the answer isno. Cleaning contractors should putthe different Green cleaning chemi-cals to a challenge and see how wellthey perform in the locations theyclean. Are they cost effective? Are theyeasy to use? This is one of many ar-eas where a distributor who is knownas the local “Green cleaning expert”can really come in handy. He or shewill likely be attuned to the differentGreen products available and whichwork best in different situations.

Are only chemicals Green?Certainly not anymore. Floor ma-

chines are now available that are ef-fective using just water in many basiccleaning situations. Others are de-

signed so that the operator can switchbetween chemical and water while

cleaning, minimizing or maximizingthe amount of chemical necessary,especially when performing more dif-ficult floorcare tasks. Extractors arealso getting Greener. The Carpet andRug Institute (CRI), through its Sealof Approval (SOA) program, has es-tablished fairly stringent criteria thatrequire carpet extractors to meet cer-tain performance and moisture-re-moval standards so that carpets dryfaster. Typically, these are low-mois-ture machines designed to help car-pets dry within approximately twohours. And lest we forget, vacuumcleaners with HEPA or high-filtrationfilters are also a key component ofthe Green cleaning arsenal.

What are bioenzymatic cleaningchemicals, and are they Green?

Bioenzymatic cleaners are prod-ucts specifically formulated to disposeof soils safely, economically and rap-idly. They contain the necessary blendof specific enzymes and benevolentbacteria to digest chemical and organicwaste that would normally createodors and feed germs. These micro-organisms and enzymes, as they doin nature, break down the waste, con-verting it into two basic compounds:carbon dioxide and water.

Some of these are Green, andsome are not. To determine whethera bioenzymatic cleaning product iscertified Green, look for the certifica-tion label or marking of one of thecertification organizations mentionedearlier, as would be the case with anyGreen-certified cleaning product.

Are bioenzymatic and biorenewablecleaning chemicals the same?

No. They are actually subcategoriesof bio-based cleaning chemicals. Asthe name implies, a biorenewablecleaning chemical is made from re-newable ingredients such as corn, soyor other agricultural products. Abioenzymatic cleaning chemical, as weContinued On Page 3

dividual will rec-ommend envi-ronmentally sus-tainable solu-tions or prod-ucts consistentwith EcoLogo orGreen Seal stand-ards. In additionto these func-tions, they arealso qualified totrain and certify

authority to per-form on-site fa-cility audits forcompanies inter-ested in becom-ing environmen-tally-friendly orthose wishing topursue LEEDcertification. As aresult of the fa-cility audit, anESP certified in-

Certified GreenSustainabil i tyC o n t r a c t o r s(CGSC). Cen-tury Vallen isproud to be oneof the first, full-line MRO (main-tenance, repair,o p e r a t i o n s )safety andjanitorial dis-

Herb Schmidt,CenturyVallen

Scott Fleming,CenturyVallen

Scott Fraser,CenturyVallen

CLEAN THE PRAIRIES - SUMMER 2011 3Visit us on-line at wwww.cleantheprairies.com

With rising concernsover the spread ofinfectious diseases,viruses and germs,disinfectants and

sanitizers are now more popular thanever. With so many options at yourdisposal and so many uses for theseproducts, what is the best way to usethese disinfectants and sanitizers? Be-low is a quick reference guide.

(1) Basic Definitions:The terms “Disinfection” and

CENTURY VALLENLATEST MEMBER TO

RECEIVE CERTIFICATION

Continued On Page 4

INFECTION CONTROL

tributor in Canada with certifiedESP personnel.

Century Vallen, a division ofSonepar Canada, has been a proudsupporter of the Green move-ment in Canada by distributingenvironmentally-friendly productscertified by organizations such asEcoLogo and Green Seal, as wellas through membership in organi-zations such as the CSSA.

In business since 1937, Cen-tury Vallen joined Sonepar Canadain 2008 and continues to conductbusiness in the best interest ofcustomers, communities and

Continued From Page 2

By PAUL GOLDIN, Chief SustainabilityOfficer, Director of Marketing and

Technical Services, Avmor Ltd.

W

employees by providing reliable,high quality service. Century Vallenhas been, and continues to be, oneof the most respected and reliablesuppliers of industrial safety, andMRO products and related serv-ices in the country.

For more information on how Cen-tury Vallen can help satisfy your greenrequirements, contactHerb.Schmidt@centuryvallen.com(Manitoba and West) orScott.Fleming@centuryvallen.com(Ontario and East). More informationon the Canadian Green SustainabilityProgram can be found at www.cssa.com.

To Sanitizeor To Disinfect:

That is the Question“Sanitization” are often used inter-changeably despite the fact that theyperform different functions, thoughsuch functions may overlap. Disin-fection is any process whereby thepotential of an item to cause infec-tion is removed by reducing thenumber of micro organisms, but canreduce them to a level where they canno longer initiate infection. In sum,a disinfectant is a chemical capable ofachieving disinfections. The processof sanitization means to reduce thenumber of microorganisms to a safelevel. Officially, a sanitization mustbe capable of killing 99.999 per cent(known as a five log reduction) of aspecific bacterial test populationwithin 30 seconds. By contrast to adisinfectant, a sanitizer may not nec-essarily destroy pathogenic or diseasecausing bacteria. Thus, the main dif-ference between a sanitizer and a dis-infectant is that, at a specified use di-lution, the disinfectant must have ahigher kill capability for pathogenicbacteria compared to that of a sani-

tizer. For example, an iodophor,when used at 25 ppm (parts per mil-lion of available iodine), is consid-ered to act as a sanitizer. However thatsame product when applied at 75ppm falls into the disinfectant cat-egory. Quats (quaternary ammoniumcompounds) and hypochlorites areother examples in which the use con-centration of the product defines itsclassification. Very few disinfectantsor sanitizers can sterilize, meaningto completely eliminate all microor-ganisms and those that can, dependentirely on their mode of application.

II. Disinfectants:Disinfectants are frequently used

(i.e. in hospitals, surgeries, kitchens,bathrooms and offices) to kill infec-tious organisms in high traffic areas.Critical touch point areas include bath-rooms, sinks, counters, doorknobs,light switches, bed and hand rails, el-evator buttons, desks, phones andcomputer keyboards.

4 CLEAN THE PRAIRIES - SUMMER 2011 Visit us on-line at wwww.cleantheprairies.com

www.unisource.ca

When you need the best value,Unisource will deliver.

Call Toll Free: 1-800-665-1371

Green OptionsMaintenance Supplies Towel and Tissue

To Sanitize or To Disinfect:That is the Question

Continued From Page 3

Unfortunately, perfect disinfect-ants simply do not exist as they, bytheir very nature, are potentially harm-ful to humans and animals. Thusthey should be used very carefully.Most disinfectants come with safetyinstructions, which should be read,followed and used with appropriatecare. As a general rule, they shouldnever be mixed with other cleaningproducts as chemical reactions canoccur.

The choice of the disinfectant tobe used depends on the particularsituation. Some disinfectants have awide spectrum (kill nearly all micro-organisms), while others kill a smallerrange of disease-causing organismsbut are preferred for other properties(they may be non-corrosive, non-toxic or inexpensive).1

III. Types of Disinfectants :(a) Quaternary ammonium com-

pounds (or Quats)2, such as benzal-konium chloride, are a large groupof related compounds. Quats havevaried germicidal activity and are gen-erally used in low-level sanitizationas they are effective against bacteria,but not against some species of Pseu-domonas bacteria or bacterial spores.They are also effective disinfectantsagainst enveloped viruses. Quats arebiocides which also kill algae and areused as an additive in large-scale in-dustrial water systems to minimizeundesired biological growth. Theirmain advantages are that they areodourless, non-staining, non-corro-sive to metals and are relatively non-toxic at use-dilution concentrations.As sanitizers they exhibit a wide lati-tude in germicidal activity when usedin hard water and are effective over awide pH range. Quats leave a non-volatile residue on surfaces to whichthey are applied, rendering the sur-faces bacteriastatic for a given time.For this reason they are rarely used indairies where cheese is manufactured;doing so could increase the risk ofinactivating desirable bacterial culturesused in cheese production.

(b) Hydrogen peroxide is oftenused in hospitals to disinfect surfaces,as well as in the food packaging in-dustry to disinfect foil containers. Athree per cent solution can also beused as an antiseptic. When hydro-gen peroxide comes into contact withthe catalase enzyme in cells, it is bro-ken down into water and a hydroxylfree radical. It is the damage causedby the oxygen free radical that killsbacteria. Hydrogen peroxide is pre-ferred as a disinfectant because itcauses far fewer allergic reactions thanalternative disinfectants. Contrary toother chemical substances, hydrogen

peroxide does not produce residuesor gasses. Safety depends on the ap-plied concentration, because hydro-gen peroxide is completely water solu-ble. Also, it has an improved healthand environmental impact comparedto the other types of chemicals. Theseproducts are typically sanitizers andnot disinfectants, and may not alwaysbe appropriate for high-risk applica-tions.

(c) Alcohol, usually ethanol or iso-propanol, is wiped over skin and al-lowed to evaporate for quick disin-fection. These substances have widemicrobiocidal activity, are non-corro-sive, but can constitute a fire hazard.They also have limited residual activ-ity due to evaporation, which resultsin brief contact times, and have a lim-ited activity in the presence of organicmaterial. Alcohols are more effectivewhen combined with purified water– 70 per cent isopropyl alcohol or 62per cent ethyl alcohol is more effec-tive than 95 per cent alcohol. Alco-hol, however, is not effective againstfungal or bacterial spores.

(d) Bleach is a chemical that canremove or lighten colour, usually viaoxidation. There are several types ofbleach. Chlorine bleach usually con-tains sodium hypochlorite. Oxygenbleach contains hydrogen peroxide ora peroxide-releasing compound suchas sodium perborate or sodiumpercarbonate. Bleaching powder iscalcium hypochlorite. Other bleach-ing agents include sodium persulfate,sodium perphosphate, sodiumpersilicate, their ammonium, potas-sium and lithium analogs, calciumperoxide, zinc peroxide, sodium per-oxide, carbamide peroxide, chlorinedioxide, bromated and organicperoxides (e.g. benzoyl peroxide).

While most bleaches are oxidiz-ing agents, other processes can beused to remove colour. For example,sodium dithionite is a powerful re-ducing agent that can be used as ableach.

(e) Phenolics are effective at saniti-zation and disinfection in the pres-ence of biological fluids and are tol-erant towards a certain level of or-ganic presence. Phenolics suffer fromthe disadvantage that they are rela-tively expensive to use, and react withcertain types of plastic surfaces. Theyare also difficult to oxidize and there-fore difficult and expensive to dis-pose of in an environmentally suit-able manner.

(IV) The Proper Use of DisinfectantsThe process of disinfection is

important to prevent the spread ofviruses and infectious diseases. Bothantibacterial wipes and disinfectants

are a readily available, convenient andpopular way to get the job done. Butare they effective? They can be, whenused correctly. However, when usedincorrectly, they may actually spreadgerms.

• Select the proper disinfectant:Disinfectant products work by oxi-dizing the germs, breaking down theircell walls, or otherwise deactivatingthem. Different ingredients or com-binations of ingredients kill differ-ent germs. Therefore, select a disin-fectant that works on the specificgerms you are trying to get rid of orselect a broad-spectrum product thatworks on all of the germs that youmight encounter. For example, toprevent the spread of MRSA, usedisinfectants registered by the DIN.3Note that the DIN requires that alldisinfectants be registered; this regis-tration should not imply a sense ofsafety. (Information on EPA Prod-uct Testing for the United States canbe found in Schedule B).

• Follow instructions: Be surethat cleaning procedures allow for asufficient amount of the disinfect-ant on the surface, as well as for thedisinfectant to stay on surfaces for thefull amount of time recommendedby product instructions. Leaving theproduct on a surface for longer thanrecommended does not increase itseffectiveness but can lead to danger-ous and unnecessary chemical expo-sures. Leaving it on for less time thanrecommended can inhibit its effec-tiveness. Furthermore, ensure that,when using disinfectant wipes, dif-ferent wipes are used when passingfrom one surface to another to avoidthe spread of germs. This is not theplace to stretch the budget.

• Review MSDS: Take care toreview each product’s material safetydata sheet for other ingredients thatmay harm the user. For example, bewary of combined cleaner-disinfect-ants that contain butoxyethanol orethanolamine. Trade magazines mayalso contain general informationabout disinfectant products and theiringredients. Some of these publica-tions may list their articles on the In-ternet.4

• Natural disinfectants: As analternative to harsh chemicals, hydro-gen peroxide may serve as effectivenatural disinfectants. A combinationof three per cent hydrogen peroxide(the same strength you find at thedrugstore) and undiluted white orapple cider vinegar put into two sepa-rate spray bottles, sprayed one im-mediately after the other, is a provenand safe way to get rid of the Salmo-nella and E. coli bacteria.

Continued On Page 5

CLEAN THE PRAIRIES - SUMMER 2011 5Visit us on-line at wwww.cleantheprairies.com

• Know when to disinfect andwhen to clean: In order to use dis-infectants most optimally and to re-duce their negative effects, it is im-portant to educate your cleaning staffand to carefully plan a cleaning main-tenance program. The use of disin-fectants should be limited to high-risk touch point areas where germsand infections are easily spread. Forother areas, a thorough cleaning, pref-erably using green cleaning products,should suffice. A discriminate use ofdisinfectants will also save your com-pany both time and money.

V. High-Risk Touch Points(Often called critical touch points)

Germs hide on every surface.However, when determining whichareas require disinfection, it is impor-tant to identify the high-risk touchpoints. In public buildings, two ofthe main germ ‘hotspots’ – bath-rooms and sinks – usually get a thor-ough and frequent cleaning. By con-trast, phones, counters, doorknobs,light switches, bed and hand rails,desks and computer keyboards arenot generally cleaned on a regular ba-sis and therefore may harbour vi-ruses. The floor, desktops andcountertops are also major sourcesof contamination – germs releasedinto the air eventually land on the larg-est horizontal surface in the room.

The idea that floors house thebulk of a facility’s bacteria flies in theface of common cleaning practiceswhere crews work from the topdown, cleaning surfaces above thefloor first. Custodians’ feet can pickup germs and transport them every-where. Also, preventing custodiansfrom cleaning cluttered desktops al-low a large germ reservoir to remainuntouched. Without a thoroughcleaning of these key surfaces, but theones left behind will soon begin togrow and to re-accumulate. Therefore,to be safe, also use a disinfectantproduct to kill the bacteria and virusesthat are present.

In order to remove all disease caus-ing organisms, including spores, an

additional sterilization process wouldbe required. Proper disinfection re-quires dwell time on an alreadycleaned surface. One must follow theuse directions on the label of the dis-infectant to understand the appro-priate dwell time. Surfaces must firstbe cleaned properly and then disin-fected in order to kill bacteria and vi-ruses from these critical touch points.

VI. SanitizersRecent public health threats, such

as the H1N1 pandemic, have resultedin wide use of instant hand sanitizers.Many buildings and establishmentshave implemented hand sanitizer dis-pensers in high-traffic areas, such asentrances, exits, lobbies, elevators,stairs and escalators.

Also, hand sanitizers are one ofthe fastest growing trends in thefoodservice industry. Foodserviceoperators have been scrambling toimplement hand sanitizers in theirestablishments, particularly in areaswhere users don’t have easy access torunning water, such as lobbies, cashregisters, hostess stations, bus boystations, food prep areas, washroomareas and server stations. Equallyimportant, sanitizing cutting boards,cleaning work surface areas, knivesand cooking utensils in thefoodservice industry can go a longway to eliminate cross-contamina-tion.

A hand sanitizer, or according tothe latest FDA definition a hand an-tiseptic, is a supplement or alterna-tive to hand washing with soap andwater. Various preparations are avail-able, including gel, foam and liquidsolutions. The active ingredients inalcohol rubs typically include a thick-ening agent such as polyacrylic acidfor alcohol gels, humectants such asglycerine for liquid rubs, propyleneglycol, and essential oils of plants.

Alcohol-based hand sanitizershave high concentrations of alcoholsince the Food and Drug Adminis-tration (FDA) recommends sanitizersshould contain 60 to 95 per cent etha-nol or isopropanol to effectively kill

germs on the hands. Looking at thehigh alcohol content required, it is notsurprising to see that most alcohol-based antiseptic products are highlyflammable. Nonetheless, the FDA,World Health Organization (WHO),as well as the Association for Profes-sionals in Infection Control and Epi-demiology (APIC) continue to rec-ommend the use of alcohol-basedhand sanitizers in a hospital settingas safe. Of course caution is requiredwhen planning to install wall-mounted sanitizer dispensers withhallways and rooms. Hospitals mustadhere to the local fire department’sregulation on the placement of suchdispensers. Economically, theamount of money saved by prevent-ing the spread of infections far out-weighs the possibility that a fire canstart due to a hand sanitizer bottlecatching on fire. The utmost cautionshould also be exercised regarding thestorage of alcohol-based handsanitizers. Since most alcohol-basedhand sanitizers have high concentra-tions of ethanol, alcohol poisoningis very possible in the event of inges-tion. However, a significant shift isoccurring to alcohol-free foaminghand sanitizers. One of the primaryreasons for this shift is that alcohol-free foaming hand sanitizers are:

• Non-irritating to the skin (nodrying or chapping);

• Non-flammable;• Do not transfer alcohol smell

to food items (especially relevant forthe food industry;

• Significantly less expensive.Figure One is a table indicating

the percentage of alcohol that can befound in hand sanitizer products. Itis important to note that the claimedactive ingredient does not always re-flect the actual alcohol content by vol-ume. As indicated in the table, 70 percent alcohol content by volume isoften equivalent to 64 per cent alco-hol content by weight.

Although hand sanitizers are use-ful alternatives if soap and water arenot available, proper hand washingremains the single most important

measure for preventing the spread ofgerms, viruses and infection. In ad-dition to installing hand sanitizer dis-pensers, it is helpful to post visualsignage to remind people about theimportance of hand washing andproper hand washing technique.

VII. The Proper Useof Cleaning Chemicals

Although a good cleaning pro-gram is crucial to prevent the spreadof infectious diseases, it is importantto be aware of the effects of the prod-ucts and chemicals that we use, bothin terms of our health and on theenvironment. Many chemicals con-tained in cleaners and disinfectantscontribute to poor indoor air qualityand have been implicated in the in-crease of respiratory ailments such asasthma. Exposure to and contactwith cleaning chemicals can also causeeye, nose and throat irritation, skin

rashes, headaches, dizziness, nauseaand sensitization. Disinfectants usedfor routine cleaning in hospitals, thefood service industry and propertymanagers, such as quaternary ammo-nium compounds, phenols andbleach, are registered pesticides.Health effects from long-term expo-sure to quaternary ammonium com-pounds include asthma and hyper-sensitivity syndrome.

In commercial settings, cleaningchemicals are often purchased in con-centrated solutions that require mix-ing and/or dilution by the employeewho is responsible for application.The incorrect dilution of these prod-ucts contributes to the adverse healtheffects suffered by janitorial staff.Also, certain cleaning chemicals whichare mixed together may producesynergistic effects. This means thatthe interaction of two or more of

Continued On Page 7

Figure One.

Product Claimed activeingredient

Product Claimed activeingredient

Alcohol contentby wt

Alcohol content byvolume

Alcohol content byvolume

Alcohol contentby wt

Leading Foam 1

Leading Foam 2

Leading Gel

Leading Gel

Leading Foam

Citrus Sanitizer

72% v/v

62% w/w

70% v/v

64% w/w

65% w/w

59% w/w

70% v/v

72% v/v

66% v/v

70% v/v

60.25% v/v

70% v/v

63.74% w/w

64% w/w

61.02% w/w

70% v/v

70% v/v

67.02% v/v

6 CLEAN THE PRAIRIES - SUMMER 2011 Visit us on-line at wwww.cleantheprairies.com

IN THE FIELD

Colin Butterfield

Have you ever heard the expression‘You have two ears and only onemouth so you should listen twice asmuch as you speak?’ What about ‘Si-lence is golden?’ It doesn’t matter ifyou have never heard these expres-

sions, you will still be able to take advantage of thisunder-utilized ability.

Chances are, you have been in meetings or conver-sations where people talked, and talked, and talkedfor no apparent reason only to show-off in front ofcolleagues or their boss. When you sit back and listen,you often notice that despite the noise, the conversa-tion isn’t moving forward. In these instances, peopleare concerned with demonstrating something (theirknowledge, their communication ability, their deci-

• it leaves room in the conversation to allow peo-ple to share something they might want to tell youbut weren’t quite ready to do;

• during negotiation, it adds a little pressure onthe other person to possibly offer a better deal;

• and as a bonus, it improves people’s perceptionof you – you no longer appear self-centred and inneed of visibility.

When your need for attention drives your conver-sation, you are certainly missing out on critical piecesof information. If you are able to develop the abilityto remain silent for a certain amount of time in aconversation, you will quickly discover the benefits.

On the other hand, silence in others may be send-ing a message that is important for you to receive, forinstance:

Continued On Page 7

Hsion-making power, etc.) ratherthan really communicating. Mostof the time people talk too much.

Over the years I have foundthat using silence is very useful.Contrary to what a former bosstold me, being reserved in a meet-ing and participating when neces-sary is much better than talkingall the time in order to get no-ticed. If the only way for you toget noticed in your organizationis by talking a lot during meet-ings, you are in trouble. I wouldthink that conversations are prob-ably as shallow as the level of com-petence of the management team.

Many people assume thatcommunicating is simply talkingnon-stop. They are not aware of

1. Silence can indicate hos-tility. Withdrawing, "stonewall-ing" and pouting in silence are wayssome people handle anger. Such asilence can be pulsating with badfeelings and elicit anger on the partof the other person.

2. Silence can indicate disa-greement. While it’s almost neveran indication of indifference, si-lence can indicate that the otherperson is having negative emo-tions. When we experience anger,fear or embarrassment, our think-ing brain shuts down. We sit therefuming, unable to speak; enragedand unable to find words; afraidand scared speechless. Some peo-ple are "flooded" with these emo-tions, and unable to respond.

how they are being received and perceived by others.Using silence on the other hand is very useful. As acommunication tool, silence provides a few interest-ing benefits:

• it allows you to actually listen to other people’sperspective;

• it lets your colleagues complete their thoughtswithout rushing;

• it provides space for people to express theiropinions or feelings;

• it makes people feel their perspective is valued;• it allows you to organize your thoughts and

emphasize one point or another;• it builds anticipation in your audience and al-

lows them to follow your message;

3. Silence can indicate profoundness, such asawe or horror. Sometimes when we’re listening tosomeone else, we hear something that leaves usspeechless because it really goes beyond words. Lis-tening to someone talk about a dreadful trauma they’veendured, or a description of an awesome natural eventfor example. Somehow when we listen to such things,the ordinary ‘Oh’ and ‘Wow’ and ‘That’s awesome’don’t seem enough, and so we fall silent.

4. Silence can indicate respect. In some culturesmore than others, silence indicates respect. A youngperson may be expected to approach an older personor a person in authority and remain silent until recog-nized, acknowledged and spoken to.

How silence affectscommunication, or does it?

The Sound ofSilence

Continued From Page 2

defined earlier, is made from bac-teria and enzymes that not onlyclean a surface but also eat away atbacteria, grease, microorganismsand other contaminants. Becauseof this, bioenzymatic cleaners areexcellent for eliminating odorsfrom tile and grout areas, and con-tinue to work for as long as 80hours after they have been appliedto a surface. Bioenzymatic cleanersare a specific subset ofbiorenewable but, depending uponthe type and amount of surfactantand fragrance used, may or may notmeet the USDA criteria for Bio-Pre-ferred. Again, for bothbioenzymatic and biorenewable,ensure the product is Green certi-fied.

Can lists of ingredients be found onall Green cleaning products?

Not at this time. Some manu-facturers such as Enviro-Solutionsdo disclose 100 per cent of the in-gredients. But Stephen Ashkin,president of The Ashkin Groupand commonly described as the“father of Green cleaning,” is ad-vocating that all cleaning products,Green and conventional, list all keyingredients.*

With this information in hand,users can select Green and conven-tional cleaning products based onwhere they are used. For instance,some products may not be themost suitable for locations wheresmall children are present but maywork perfectly well in office-type en-vironments. Simply knowing whatis in the product helps users make

more informed decisions, whichcan protect their health as well asthe health of the facilities theyclean.

* Note that the full ingredientsand formula must be disclosed to thecertification bodies.

Mike Sawchuk has been involvedwith the jansan industry for morethan 15 years. He is currentlyVice President of Enviro-Solu-tions, www.enviro-solution.com, aleading manufacturer of certified-Green cleaning chemicals, basedin Peterborough, Ont.Sawchuk has developed and im-plemented various strategic pro-grams in the professional clean-ing industry throughout NorthAmerica. His career has spannedvarious sales, marketing and op-erations positions with both largeand small manufacturers as wellas distributors.A graduate of Brock Universitywith a bachelor of business ad-ministration, Sawchuk also hasan MBA from McMaster Uni-versity.

A Green Review

When your need forattention drives yourconversation, you are

certainly missing out oncritical pieces of

information. If you areable to develop the

ability to remain silentfor a certain amount oftime in a conversation,

you will quickly discoverthe benefits.

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1-800-665-5610www.krugerproducts.com/afh

5. Silence can indicate con-templation. The more intro-verted your communicationpartner, the more likely they willthink before they speak. Extra-verts discover what they’rethinking and how they feel bytalking. Introverts figure it allout inside their own head andheart before giving voice to it,so it takes longer.

6. Silence can be intentionalrudeness. Because of the natureof normal conversation inCanada, allowing an extended si-lence can be perceived as rudeness.It can also be meant that way. Re-fusing to reply to the other per-son is a way of ignoring them.

7. Silence can be the crea-tion of a listening space. Whenyou are profoundly listening tosomeone, you create an open spacefor them to talk into that’s almostpalpable. Good listeners knowhow to do this, and it can belearned. It’s an openness that youtransmit through nonverbalmeans.

8. Silence can be an indica-tion of empathy. When we’re re-ally tuning in to how the otherperson feels, we’re listening moreto the tone of their voice, cadenceand speed rather than the actualwords, so reply with words maynot be the most appropriate re-sponse. Sometimes the soundsare more attuned… a murmur, asigh, sucking in the breath inshock, soothing sounds, clucking(tsk, tsk), or shaking the head andgoing uh, uh, uh.

9. Allowing silence in a con-versation puts pressure on theother person. It’s conventional inCanada not to allow any sort ofextended silence in a conversation.Therefore, to allow one puts pres-sure on the other person to "fill airtime." Some interviewers, for in-stance, use this technique to seewhat will happen. Often the per-son will "spill" – saying exactly thething they didn’t want to say.

10. How you manage silencein conversation is an importantpart of emotional intelligence.Excellent communicators can al-low silence when it’s effective orcalled for; can avoid being pres-sured into "spilling" when silenceis used manipulatively; offer silenceas a gift or sign of respect; inter-pret the silence of others appro-priately; understand how other cul-tures use silence; mindfully regu-late the use of silence; and are com-fortable with silence and under-stand its many uses.

Silence can be a positive ornegative influence in the commu-nications process. It can providea link between messages or severrelationships. It can create ten-sion and uneasiness or create apeaceful situation.

Silence can also be judgmen-tal by indicating favour or disfa-vour – agreement or disagree-ment. Learn to use and recognizethe benefits and effects of silencein your workplace environment,silence may or may not be golden,but it certainly is communica-tion.

Continued From Page 6

THE SOUND OF SILENCE

these chemicals produces a health ef-fect greater than that of the individualchemical alone. For example, a qua-ternary ammonium compound usedin combination with a bleach cleanerrelease a toxic gas called chloraminesinto the air.

By carefully choosing environ-mentally sound cleaning chemicals,cleaning methods and cleaningequipment, businesses can realizesignificant productivity gains anddecrease absenteeism due to illnessand other viruses. An effectivecleaning program should safe-

To Sanitize or To Disinfect:That is the QuestionContinued From Page 5

guard the health and productiv-ity of employees by providing thehighest international and domes-tic standards for health and safety,and reducing any risk of cross con-tamination. Look for a companywilling to provide the necessary train-ing and education to ensure the high-est level of product usage safety foryou and your customers.

REFERENCES(1) Source: http://www.chemie.de/

lexikon/e/Disinfectant/).(2) See Schedule A for additional

The most current definition of the different genera-tions of germicidal quats are as follows:

First Generation: Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl AmmoniumChlorides (ADBAC). First generation quats have the low-est relative biocidal activity. Benzalkonium chloride isone type of ADBAC quat.

Second Generation: Substituted ADBAC. The substitu-tion of the aromatic ring hydrogen with methyl or ethylgroups resulted in this second generation quat. However,this type of quat is not marked by itself but in combina-tion with ADBAC.

Third Generation: “Dual Quats” (example: Equal mix-ture of ADBAC and alkyl dimethyl ethyl benzyl ammo-nium chloride). This mixture of two specific quats resultedin a “Dual Quat” offering increased biocidal activity over

the ADBAC quat alone.Fourth Generation: Twin or Dual Chain Quats.

Dialkyldimethyl Ammonium Chloride or DDAC quat.Fourth generation quats are superior in germicidal per-formance and have an increased tolerance to organicloads and water hardness.

Fifth Generation: Mixtures ADBAC and DDAC quats.(Example: octyl decyl dimethyl ammonium chloride,didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dioctyl dimethylammonium chloride and alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammo-nium chloride. Fifth Generation quats [sometimes re-ferred to as a four-chain quat] have outstanding germi-cidal performance and remain effective under more hos-tile conditions of organic load and water hardness. Thisis especially true for hard surface disinfectant products.

SCHEDULE A - Generations of Quats

Sporicidal Claims: Testing is performed per the AOACsporocidal method (DIS/TSS-9). Sixty carriers represent-ing each of two carrier types (porcelain cylinders and silksuture loops) are required to be tested against Bacillussubtilis and Clostridium sporogenes on three separatelots, one of which must be > 60 days old. Killing of all 720carriers is required.

Disinfectants (limited efficacy): Testing is performedper the AOAC UDT/GST method (DIS/TSS-1). Sixty carriersare required on three separate lots, one of which must be> 60 days old against Salmonella choleraesuis OR Sta-phylococcus aureus. Killing of 59 out of 60 carriers isrequired (total carriers = 180).

Disinfectants (general or broad spectrum efficacy):Testing is performed per the AOAC UDT/GST method (DIS/TSS-1). Sixty carriers are required on three separate lots,one of which must be > 60 days old against Salmonellacholeraesuis AND Staphylococcus aureus. Killing of 59out of 60 carriers is required (total carriers = 360).

Disinfectants (hospital or medical environment effi-cacy): Testing is performed per the AOAC UDT/GST method(DIS/TSS-1). Sixty carriers are required on three separatelots, one of which must be > 60 days old against Pseu-domonas aeruginosa, Salmonella choleraesuis and Sta-phylococcus aureus. Killing of 59 out of 60 carriers isrequired (total carriers = 540).

Supplemental Organisms: Testing is performed perthe AOAC UDT/GST method. Ten carriers are required ontwo separate lots against each supplemental organisms.Killing of 10 out of 10 carriers is required (total carriers =20).

Fungicides (pathogenic fungi): Testing is performedper the AOAC fungicidal method (DIS/TSS-6). Two sepa-rate lots are tested against Trichophyton mentagrophytesin an suspension test. Killing of all fungal spores in 10minutes is required.

Virucides: Testing is performed per EPA Guidance (DIS/TSS-7). Two separate lots are tested. Inactivation of virusmust be demonstrated at all dilutions when no cytotoxic-

ity is observed or at all dilutions above the cytotoxic levelwhen it is observed. The data must demonstrate a three-log reduction in viral titer for both lots.

Tuberculocides: Testing is performed per the AOACtuberculocidal method (DIS/TSS-6). Ten carriers are testedagainst each of two separate lots against Mycobacteriumtuberculosis var. bovis. Killing of all carriers as well as nogrowth in any of inoculate tubes of two additional media,is required.

Non-Food Contact Sanitizers: Testing is performedper EPA Guidance (DIS/TSS-10). Three lots are required,one of which must be > 60 days old. Testing is performedagainst Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumo-nia containing five per cent organic load. Enterobacteraerogenes may be substituted for Klebsiella pneumonia.The results must show a reduction of at least 99.9 percent in the number of each test microorganism over theparallel control count within five minutes.

Food Contact Sanitizers: For Halide Chemical Prod-ucts. Testing is performed per the AOAC method (DIS/TSS-4 and DIS/TSS-5)(Available Chlorine GermicidalEquivalent Concentration method) on three separatelots, one of which must be >60 days old, against Sal-monella typhi. Test results must show product con-centrations equivalent to 50, 100 and 200 ppm avail-able chlorine.

Other Chemical Products: Testing is performed perthe AOAC method (AOAC Germicidal and DetergentSanitizers) on three separate lots, one of which must be> 60 days old, against both Escherichia coli and Staphy-lococcus aureus. Acceptable results must demonstrate a99.999 per cent reduction in the number of test microor-ganisms within 30 seconds.

*Notes1. If the product is intended for use as a spray, the

AOAC Germicidal Spray Test must be employed.2. Appropriate organic soil load and hard water claims

must be taken into account.

SCHEDULE B - EPA Product Testing

information on Classifications ofQuats into Generations

(3) http://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/dpd-bdpp/index-eng.jsp

(4) For example, refer http://www.cmmonline.com JanitorialProducts Pollution PreventionProject – sponsored by US EPA, Stateof California, Santa Clara County, theCity of Richmond, and the LocalGovernment Commission. Writtenby Thomas Barron, Carol Berg, andLinda Bookman. 6/99.

8 CLEAN THE PRAIRIES - SUMMER 2011

FIBRECLEAN SUPPLIES LTD.Kathy Brown#102 – 3750 19th St. N.E.Calgary, AB T2E 6V2Tel: (403) 291-3834, Fax: (403) 250-6729E-mail: kbrown@fibreclean.comWeb Site: www.fibreclean.com

GRAND & TOYScott Shepherd37 Aero Dr. N.E.Calgary, AB T2E 8Z9Tel: (403) 769-6484E-mail: shepherds@grandtoy.comWeb Site: www.grandandtoy.com

HARPER BRUSH WORKSDave Knisley8 Ridge View CloseCochrane, AB T4C 0J2Tel: (406) 660-8649E-mail: knizer@shaw.caWeb Site: www.harper-brush.com

W.E. GREER LTD.John Greer14704 – 119 Ave.Edmonton, AB T5L 2P1Tel: (780) 451-1516, Fax: (780) 451-2405E-mail: admin@we.greer.ab.caWeb Site: www.wegreer.com

MATHISON’S CLEANING SUPPLIES LTD.John Marra312 – 41st Ave. N.E.Calgary, AB T2E 2N3Tel: (403) 277-0195, Fax: (403) 276-9628E-mail: marra@telusplanet.net

NILFISK-ADVANCE CANADA COMPANYMel Fearon11216 – 70 Ave. N.W.Edmonton, AB T6H 2H1Tel: (780) 456-5712, Fax: (780) 406-1881E-mail: mfearon@nilfisk-advance.caWeb Site: www.nilfisk-advance.ca

OSTREM CHEMICAL CO. LTD.Ken Sagan2310 – 80 Ave.Edmonton, AB T6P 1N2Tel: (780) 440-1911, Fax: (780) 440-1241E-mail: ksagan@ostrem.comWeb Site: www.ostrem.com

PINNACLE DISTRIBUTION INC.Lowell Nicholl108, 3442 – 118 Ave. S.E.Calgary, AB T2Z 3X1Tel: (403) 252-2886, Fax: (403) 253-5490E-mail: l.nicholl@pinnaclecalgary.ca

PLANETCLEAN®

Jim Bryce19 - 777 - 64 Ave. S.E.Calgary, AB T2H 2C3Tel: (403) 252-3356, Fax: (403) 253-3189E-mail: jbryce@planetclean.comWeb Site: www.planetclean.com

PLUS II SANITATION SUPPLIESJason Wilcott10707 25th St. N.E., Unit 126Calgary, AB T3N 0A6Tel: (403) 537-2806, Fax: (403) 537-2809E-mail: jasonw@plus2sanitation.comWeb Site: www.plus2sanitation.com

REV SALES & MARKETINGKim Saunders1 Willow St.Spruce Grove, AB T7X 1P5Tel: (780) 707-9037E-mail: kim@revsales.comWeb Site: www.revsales.com

REV SALES & MARKETINGKim Saunders3107, 16th St. S.W.Calgary, AB T2T 4G8Tel: (403) 400-2024, Fax: (403) 244-9634E-mail: kim@revsales.comWeb Site: www.revsales.com

ROYAL CARETAKING SUPPLIES INC.Al Mudryk11505 - 106 Ave.Edmonton, AB T5H 0R8Tel: (780) 422-1569E-mail: Al@royalcaretaking.caWeb Site: www.royalcaretaking.ca

RUBBERMAID CANADADennis Townsend586 Argus Rd.Oakville, ON L6J 3J3Tel: (780) 554-3976E-mail: dennis.townsend@rubbermaid.comWeb Site: www.rubbermaidcommercial.com

SANIWORKS LTD.Tim Bolger3439 - 9 St. S.E.Calgary, AB T2G 3C1Tel: (403) 243-0122, Fax: (403) 243-9586E-mail: tim.bolger@saniworks.comWeb Site: www.saniworks.com

SCI-TECH ENGINEERED CHEMICALS INC.Dale Allen#340 – 53016 Hwy. 60Acheson, AB T7X 5A7Tel: (780) 960-1200, Fax: (780) 960-1201E-mail: dallen@scitechinc.caWeb Site: www.scitechinc.ca

SPECS CANADABill Werthmann9306 60 Ave. N.W.Edmonton, AB T6E 0C1Tel: (780) 436-4406, Fax: (877) 418-8504E-mail: bill@specscanada.caWeb Site: www.specscanada.ca

STORED ENERGY SOLUTIONS -A DIVISION OF BATTERY DIRECTBrendan MageeSuite 107 - 10559 - 42nd St. S.E.Calgary, AB T2C 5C7Tel: (403) 236-0333, Fax: (403) 236-0848E-mail: brendan.magee@batterydirect.comWeb Site: www.batterydirect.com

UNISOURCE CANADA INC.Ron Peterson11248 184th St.Edmonton, AB T5S 2S6Tel: (780) 453-0883, Fax: (780) 453-0894E-mail: rpeterson@unisource.caWeb Site: www.unisource.ca

WESCLEAN EQUIPMENT & CLEANING SUPPLIESReid Toreson11450 – 149 St.Edmonton, AB T5M 1W7Tel: (780) 451-1533, Fax: (780) 452-0676E-mail: rtoreson@wesclean.comWeb Site: www.wesclean.com

WESCLEAN EQUIPMENT & CLEANING SUPPLIESMike Doll#7, 7973 - 49 Ave.Red Deer, AB T4P 2V5Tel: (403) 340-8003, Fax: (403) 347-8803E-mail: mdoll@wesclean.comWeb Site: www.wesclean.com

WESCLEAN EQUIPMENT & CLEANING SUPPLIESBill Wright10136 -128 Ave.Grande Prairie, AB T8V 1E9Tel: (780) 538-3380, Fax: (780) 539-7277E-mail: bwright@wesclean.comWeb Site: www.wesclean.com

WESCLEAN EQUIPMENT & CLEANING SUPPLIESJay Creek36 Highfield Circle S.E.Calgary, AB T2G 5N5Tel: (403) 243-0677, Fax: (403) 243-2095E-mail: jcreek@wesclean.comWeb Site: www.wesclean.com

WESCLEAN EQUIPMENT & CLEANING SUPPLIESSandor Bosnick#3 - 1311 Trans Canada Way S.E.Medicine Hat, AB T1B 1J1Tel: (403) 526-7922, Fax: (403) 529-0790E-mail: sbosnick@wesclean.comWeb Site: www.wesclean.com

WESCLEAN EQUIPMENT & CLEANING SUPPLIESJon Nelson#9 - 3205 - 6 Ave. N.Lethbridge, AB T1H 5C1Tel: (403) 327-1120, Fax: (403) 327-1670E-mail: jnelson@wesclean.comWeb Site: www.wesclean.com

WOOD WYANT INC.Dave Metz11424 – 184th St.Edmonton, AB T5S 2W7Tel: (780) 453-1100, Fax: (780) 453-1526E-mail: dave.metz@woodwyant.comWeb Site: www.woodwyant.com

WOOD WYANT INC.Barry Colpitts11424 – 184th St.Edmonton, AB T5S 2W7Tel: (780) 453-1100, Fax: (780) 453-1526E-mail: barry.colpitts@woodwyant.comWeb Site: www.woodwyant.com

WOOD WYANT INC.Robert Fleming190 Anagem Blvd.Mississauga, ON L5T 2V5Tel: (905) 795-1183, Fax: (519) 496-7481E-mail: rob.fleming@woodwyant.comWeb Site: www.woodwyant.com

SASKATCHEWAN / MANITOBAA. MIRACLE SANITATION SUPPLY CO. INC.Darrell Yustak101 Hutchings St., Unit 33Winnipeg, MB R2X 2V4Tel: (204) 940-2777, Fax: (204) 940-2770E-mail: darrell@miraclesanitation.comWeb Site: www.miraclesanitation.com

ATLAS GRAHAM INDUSTRIES CO. LTD.Kathleen RodrigueP.O. Box 1978, 1725 Sargent Ave.Winnipeg, MB R3C 3R3Tel: (204) 775-4451, Fax: (204) 775-6148E-mail: agi_info@mts.netWeb Site: www.ag.ca

BUNZL CANADA INC.Brian Fox1420 Park St.Regina, SK S4N 2G2Tel: (306) 525-0137, Fax: (888) 249-9234E-mail: brian.fox@bunzlcanada.caWeb Site: www.bunzldistribution.com

BUNZL CANADA INC.Brian FoxUnit 3, 130 Omands Creek Blvd.Winnipeg, MB R2R 1V7Tel: (306) 230-9974, Fax: (888) 249-9234E-mail: brian.fox@bunzlcanada.caWeb Site: www.bunzldistribution.com

BUSY-BEE SANITARY SUPPLIESJosé Correia375 Nairn Ave.Winnipeg, MB R2L 0W8Tel: (204) 668-4425, Fax: (204) 668-0402E-mail: busybee@bee-clean.com

DIVERSEY INC.Curtis Breslaw2401 Bristol CircleOakville, ON L6H 6P1Tel: (204) 414-4597, Fax: (204) 414-2329E-mail: curtis.breslaw@johnsondiversey.comWeb Site: www.johnsondiversey.com

FIVE-L EQUIPMENT LTD.Rick LaBossiere#6 - 45 Beghin Ave.Winnipeg, MB R2J 4B9Tel: (204) 667-8820, Fax: (204) 668-4813E-mail: rick@fivelequipment.comWeb Site: www.fivelequipment.com

FURGALE INDUSTRIES LTD.Jim Furgale324 Lizzie St.Winnipeg, MB R3A 0Y7Tel: (204) 949-4200, Fax: (204) 943-3191E-mail: jfurgale@broom.comWeb Site: www.broom.com

KANE BIOTECH INC.Jason Leibert5 - 1250 Waverley St.Winnipeg, MB R3T 6C6Tel: (204) 478-5601, Fax: (204) 453-1314E-mail: jleibert@kanebiotech.comWeb Site: www.kanebiotech.com

KRUGER PRODUCTSTony Matarazzo39 Highcastle Cres.Winnipeg, MB R2N 3V7Tel: (204) 253-4220, Fax: (204) 253-3991E-mail: tony.matarazzo@krugerproducts.caWeb Site: www.krugerproducts.com

LAMBSKIN SPECIALTIESMyron Schultz250 Dufferin Ave.Winnipeg, MB R2W 5J1Tel: (204) 586-8097, Fax: (204) 582-5598E-mail: info@lambskin.comWeb Site: www.lambskin.com

MARINO MANUFACTURING LTD.Nick Camara54 Valewood Cres.Winnipeg, MB R2R 1S3Tel: (204) 256-8854E-mail: ntcamara@shaw.caWeb Site: www.marinomop.com

PINNACLE DISTRIBUTION INC.Kevin Silvius1424 Park St.Regina, SK S4N 2G2Tel: (306) 721-1229, Fax: (306) 721-1342E-mail: pinnacledist@sasktel.net

PINNACLE DISTRIBUTION INC.Dean Chappell3255 Miners Ave.Saskatoon, SK S4N 2Y2Tel: (306) 651-1255, Fax: (306) 651-1258E-mail: pinnacle.dist@sasktel.net

PLANET CLEAN®

Doug Anderson1305 Halifax St.Regina, SK S4R 1T9Tel: (306) 347-0444, Fax: (306) 522-5227E-mail: danderson@planetclean.comWeb Site: www.planetclean.com

PLANET CLEAN®

Roger Manaigre#5 - 45 Beghin Ave.Winnipeg, MB R2J 4B9Tel: (204) 633-8611, Fax: (204) 697-1226E-mail: rlmmaxim@mts.netWeb Site: www.planetclean.com

REV SALES & MARKETINGVictor Meads6 Bain PlaceEast St. Paul, MB R2E 0K2Tel: (204) 962-1849E-mail: victor@revsales.comWeb Site: www.revsales.com

SWISH MAINTENANCE LTD.Wilson BrownUnit 9 – 1680 Notre Dame Ave.Winnipeg, MB R3H 1H6Tel: (204) 786-8994, Fax: (204) 786-4714E-mail: wbrown@swish.caWeb Site: www.swishclean.com

TAYLOR JANITORIALEric TaylorBox 1250Portage la Prairie, MB R1N 3L9Tel: (204) 857-5800E-mail: eric.msl@mts.net

UNISOURCE CANADA INC.Brant Gyug858 – 57th St. E.Saskatoon, SK S7K 5Z1Tel: (306) 931-1337, Fax: (306) 931-7175E-mail: bgyug@unisource.caWeb Site: www.unisource.ca

UNISOURCE CANADA INC.Jurgen Kannwischer160 Omands Creek Blvd.Winnipeg, MB R2R 1V7Tel: (204) 697-0958, Fax: (204) 697-4220E-mail: jKannwischer@unisource.caWeb Site: www.unisource.ca

WESCLEAN EQUIPMENT & CLEANING SUPPLIESBob Dowler693 Henderson Dr.Regina, SK S4N 6A8Tel: (306) 781-7103, Fax: (306) 522-1921E-mail: rdowler@wesclean.comWeb Site: www.wesclean.com

WESCLEAN EQUIPMENT & CLEANING SUPPLIESBrent Andrew1505 Ontario Ave.Saskatoon, SK S7K 1S7Tel: (306) 382-1199, Fax: (306) 955-5215E-mail: bandrew@wesclean.comWeb Site: www.wesclean.com

WESCLEAN EQUIPMENT & CLEANING SUPPLIESHoward Rybuck2 - 1832 King Edward St.Winnipeg, MB R2R 0N1Tel: (204) 985-1330, Fax: (204) 889-1762E-mail: hrybuck@wesclean.comWeb Site: www.wesclean.com

WOOD WYANT INC.Gordon Jewsbury1453 Church Ave.Winnipeg, MB R2X 2X9Tel: (204) 697-0006, Fax: (204) 697-3859E-mail: gordon.jewsbury@woodwyant.comWeb Site: www.woodwyant.com

CSSA ALBERTA, SASKATCHEWAN & MANITOBA CHAPTER MEMBERSHIPCSSA ALBERTA, SASKATCHEWAN & MANITOBA CHAPTER MEMBERSHIPALBERTAADVANTAGE MAINTENANCE PRODUCTS LTD.Jim Murray6332 Davies Rd.Edmonton, AB T6E 4M9Tel: (780) 450-6525, Fax: (780) 450-6782E-mail: jim@advantagemaint.comWeb Site: www.advantagemaint.com

ATLAS-GRAHAM INDUSTRIES CO. LTD.Denis Benoit14 Westview Dr.Lacombe, AB T4L 1R6Tel: (403) 861-1176, Fax: (403) 782-5018E-mail: dbenoit@dkbmarketing.ca

BLACKROCK GROUP (THE)Chris Kangles222 Lakewood Dr.Spruce Grove, AB T7X 3W8Tel: (780) 668-3531, Fax: (780) 960-3597E-mail: chris@blackrocksales.comWeb Site: www.blackrocksales.com

BOW VALLEY SANITARY SUPP. & EQUIP. INC.Lalta Persaud1400 Railway Ave.Calgary, AB T1W 1P6Tel: (403) 678-0798, Fax: (403) 678-3235E-mail: lalta@bowvalleysupplies.caWeb Site: www.bowvalleysupplies.ca

BUNZL CANADA INC.Randy Pollock10235 – 184 St.Edmonton, AB T5S 2J4Tel: (780) 455-3166, Fax: (780) 455-0276E-mail: randy.pollock@bunzlcanada.caWeb Site: www.bunzldistribution.com

BUNZL CANADA INC.Chris HergottUnit A123, 7151 44th St. S.E.Calgary, AB T2C 4E8Tel: (403) 287-3490, Fax: (403) 287-0905E-mail: chris.hergott@bunzlcanada.caWeb Site: www.bunzldistribution.com

BUSY-BEE SANITARY SUPPLIES INC.Jeff Malott#24 – 4004 – 97 St.Edmonton, AB T6E 6N1Tel: (780) 462-0075, Fax: (780) 450-0630E-mail: jeffmbb@aol.com

CASCADES TISSUE GROUPKen Dickens2005 - 28th Ave. - P.O. Box 95Nanton, AB T0L 1R0Tel: (403) 279-8700, Fax: (403) 720-8755E-mail: ken_dickens@cascades.comWeb Site: www.cascades.com

CENTURY VALLENHerb Schmidt4810 - 92 AvenueEdmonton, AB T6B 2X4Tel: (780) 490-2740E-mail: herb.schmidt@centuryvallen.comWeb Site: www.centuryvallen.com

CLEAN SPOT INC.Don TaylorBay P, 3505 - 32nd St. N.E.Calgary, AB T1Y 5Y9Tel: (403) 276-5776, Fax: (403) 255-7417E-mail: don@cleanspot.caWeb Site: www.cleanspot.ca

DEB CANADATom Bannon42 Thompson Rd. W.Waterford, ON N0E 1Y0Tel: (519) 614-0448, Fax: (519) 443-5160E-mail: tbannon@debcanada.comWeb Site: www.debgroup.com

DIVERSEY INC.Perry Koroluk4454 - 57th Ave., Box 389Lamont, AB T0B 2R0Tel: (780) 446-4076, Fax: (780) 895-2622E-mail: perry.koroluk@johnsondiversey.comWeb Site: www.johnsondiversey.com

ESTEAM CLEANING SYSTEMSLou Querin3750 - 19 St. N.E.Calgary, AB T2E 6V2Tel: (403) 291-7050, Fax: (403) 291-0546E-mail: lquerin@esteam.comWeb Site: www.esteam.com