fungi kingdom #4 wake county biology curriculum. fungi facts: 1.eukaryotic 2. heterotrophic...
TRANSCRIPT
Fungi Facts:1.Eukaryotic2. Heterotrophic3.Multicellular (except for yeasts)4. Most are DECOMPOSERS
(saprophytes): they recycle nutrients by secreting digestive enzymes that break down the bodies of other organisms, and then they absorb the nutrients.
5. Cell walls are made of chitin (also in exoskeletons of insects) 1. Is this a homologous or analogous
structure?
fruiting body
Fruiting body: the reproductive structure of a fungus. Spores (reproductive cells) are produced on the underside of the mushroom on structures called gills.
mycelium
The mycelium is the underground part of the mushroom. It absorbs nutrients as it spreads out. When conditions are right, fruiting bodies pop up around the outer edge of the mycelium forming a circle of mushrooms. These structures are called “fairy rings.”
FUNGI REPRODUCTION
Asexual • Hyphae break off and
grow on their own.• Spores
Sexual• + and – gametes which fuse
to become a zygote • Zygote undergoes meiosis
and forms haploid cells
are divided into the phyla
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Fungi
Common molds
AscomycotaZygomycota Basidiomycota Deuteromycota
Sac fungi
Club fungi
Imperfect fungi
• Think: bread mold.
Common Mold- Zygomycota
Diploid
Haploid
FERTILIZATION
MEIOSIS
Sexual ReproductionAsexual
Reproduction
Zygospore (2N)
Spores (N)
Sporangium
Zygospore (2N)
+ Mating type (N)Stolons
Rhizoids
- Mating type (N)Spores (N)
Sporangiophore
Sporangium
Gametangia
Rhizopus stolonifer
Ascomycota - Yeasts
Saccharomyces– yeast used for cooking, uses fermentation which releases carbon dioxide.
- What kind of respiration is this???
• “Imperfect” fungi—Reproductive cycle is unknown
Imperfect Fungi- Deuteromycota
ex. Pennicillium notatum (where we get Pennicillin)
FUNGI SYMBIOSISLichens: a mutual relationship between a fungi and an algae.
Why? Fungi are resistant to cold/drought, the algae provides food through photosynthesis
Result: Lichens can survive harsh environments
botit.botany.wisc.eduwww.hiltonpond.org
picasaweb.google.com
FUNGI SYMBIOSIS• Mycorrhizae: soil fungi attached to plant roots
• Why? Plants absorb nutrients, water, and minerals while fungi receives food from plant . • ~80% of all plants have mycorrhizae• Con: drains a substantial amount of
carbon from the plant
FUNGAL DISEASES Ring worm: Caused by
an infection of a fungus on the skin. Closely related to athletes foot and jock itch.
Athlete’s foot: caused by an infection of a fungus on the skin of the feet Spread by walking where
infected feet have trod – this is a great reason to wear flip-flops in a gym shower!
hardinmd.lib.uiowa.edu
FUNGAL DISEASES Nail fungus: caused by
a fungus that grows under the finger or toenails. Several kinds of fungi can cause nail fungus.
Mold spore inhalation: Mold that grows on water damaged materials produce spores that can cause many physical problems such as headaches, nausea, allergies, and even death.
hardinmd.lib.uiowa.edu
DUTCH ELM DISEASE
- A DISEASE IN ELM TREES
- CAUSED BY A FUNGI WHICH BLOCKS THE
XYLEM TISSUES OF THE TREE AND CUTS OFF THE TRANSPORT OF WATER
CHESTNUT BLIGHT:
A DISEASE IN AMERICAN CHESTNUTS
CAUSED BY A FUNGI WHICH BLOCKS THE XYLEM TISSUES
OF THE TREE (IN THE SAME WAY AND WITH THE SAME
EFFECT AS DUTCH ELM DISEASE)