fungi kingdom #4 wake county biology curriculum. fungi facts: 1.eukaryotic 2. heterotrophic...

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Fungi Kingdom #4 Wake County Biology Curriculum

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Fungi Kingdom #4

Wake County Biology Curriculum

Fungi Facts:1.Eukaryotic2. Heterotrophic3.Multicellular (except for yeasts)4. Most are DECOMPOSERS

(saprophytes): they recycle nutrients by secreting digestive enzymes that break down the bodies of other organisms, and then they absorb the nutrients.

5. Cell walls are made of chitin (also in exoskeletons of insects) 1. Is this a homologous or analogous

structure?

Fungi Facts (continued):

mycelium

fruiting body

hyphae

fruiting body

Fruiting body: the reproductive structure of a fungus. Spores (reproductive cells) are produced on the underside of the mushroom on structures called gills.

wildmanstevebrill.com

Cross section of Gills

Gills with spores

Mushroom

mycelium

The mycelium is the underground part of the mushroom. It absorbs nutrients as it spreads out. When conditions are right, fruiting bodies pop up around the outer edge of the mycelium forming a circle of mushrooms. These structures are called “fairy rings.”

topturf.net

Mycelium

Fruiting body

Hyphae

FUNGI REPRODUCTION

Asexual • Hyphae break off and

grow on their own.• Spores

Sexual• + and – gametes which fuse

to become a zygote • Zygote undergoes meiosis

and forms haploid cells

are divided into the phyla

includesincludesincludesincludes

Fungi

Common molds

AscomycotaZygomycota Basidiomycota Deuteromycota

Sac fungi

Club fungi

Imperfect fungi

• Think: bread mold.

Common Mold- Zygomycota

Diploid

Haploid

FERTILIZATION

MEIOSIS

Sexual ReproductionAsexual

Reproduction

Zygospore (2N)

Spores (N)

Sporangium

Zygospore (2N)

+ Mating type (N)Stolons

Rhizoids

- Mating type (N)Spores (N)

Sporangiophore

Sporangium

Gametangia

Rhizopus stolonifer

Mold growing on a lemon

Sac Fungi: Ascomycota

Morel (edible)

Ascomycota - Yeasts

Saccharomyces– yeast used for cooking, uses fermentation which releases carbon dioxide.

- What kind of respiration is this???

FUNGI

Life Cycle of a Club

Fungi (Basidiomycota)

Shelf FungiCoral Fungi

Puffballs

Conch Fungi

• “Imperfect” fungi—Reproductive cycle is unknown

Imperfect Fungi- Deuteromycota

ex. Pennicillium notatum (where we get Pennicillin)

FUNGI SYMBIOSISLichens: a mutual relationship between a fungi and an algae.

Why? Fungi are resistant to cold/drought, the algae provides food through photosynthesis

Result: Lichens can survive harsh environments

FUNGI SYMBIOSIS• Mycorrhizae: soil fungi attached to plant roots

• Why? Plants absorb nutrients, water, and minerals while fungi receives food from plant . • ~80% of all plants have mycorrhizae• Con: drains a substantial amount of

carbon from the plant

apsnet.org

cof.orst.edu

CommonFungal

Diseases

mythology2010.wikispac

FUNGAL DISEASES Ring worm: Caused by

an infection of a fungus on the skin. Closely related to athletes foot and jock itch.

Athlete’s foot: caused by an infection of a fungus on the skin of the feet Spread by walking where

infected feet have trod – this is a great reason to wear flip-flops in a gym shower!

hardinmd.lib.uiowa.edu

FUNGAL DISEASES Nail fungus: caused by

a fungus that grows under the finger or toenails. Several kinds of fungi can cause nail fungus.

Mold spore inhalation: Mold that grows on water damaged materials produce spores that can cause many physical problems such as headaches, nausea, allergies, and even death.

hardinmd.lib.uiowa.edu

Animal Parasites

• Cordyceps - infects insects and kills them from the inside out.

DUTCH ELM DISEASE

- A DISEASE IN ELM TREES

- CAUSED BY A FUNGI WHICH BLOCKS THE

XYLEM TISSUES OF THE TREE AND CUTS OFF THE TRANSPORT OF WATER

treedoctor.anr.msu.edu

CHESTNUT BLIGHT:

A DISEASE IN AMERICAN CHESTNUTS

CAUSED BY A FUNGI WHICH BLOCKS THE XYLEM TISSUES

OF THE TREE (IN THE SAME WAY AND WITH THE SAME

EFFECT AS DUTCH ELM DISEASE)

CHESTNUT BLIGHT:

MOST AMERICAN CHESTNUTS HAVE BEEN

DESTROYED IN THEIR ORIGINAL

HABITAT

patacf.org

Other Plant Fungal Diseases

Corn Smut

Wheat Rust

Leaf spots on Holly