Fungal Infections, Pathogenesis

and Treatment

Fungal infections

400 out of 75,000

Primary infections

Opportunistic infections

Myco-toxins

Allergy

Mycoses

Superficial and cutaneous

Subcutaneous

Deep (systemic)

Examples of yeast of medical importance

Candida species

Cryptococcus neoformans

Malassezia species

Examples of moulds of medical

importance

Dermatophytes

Aspergillus species

Zygomycetes

Superficial and CutaneousMycoses

Skin, hair, nail and mucus membranes

Most common

World-wide

Ringworm infections du to Dermatophytes

Yeast infections due to Candida

pityriasis versicolor

Direct examination

pityriasis versicolor

Tinea nigra

Skin scrapings

Tinea nigra

Intertrigo caused by Canddia albicans

Dermatophytosis caused by M. canisfollowing contact with infectious cat

Dermatophytosis

Dermatophytosis direct skin examination

Dermatophytosis

Fungal nail infection

Subcutaneous Mycoses

Skin, subcutaneous tissues, fascia and bone

LocalizedTraumaMore in tropicsMycetoma, chromomycosis and

sporotrichosis

Mycetoma

Mycetoma

SporotrichosisA 60-year-old woman developed multiple subcutaneous

nodules and abscesses on her right hand and forearm 7 days after finger thorn prick

ClassicalChromoblastomycosis:Fonsecaea pedrosoi

De Hoog, Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures

Nodulose chromoblastomycosis(Senegal): Fonsecaea pedrosoi

De Hoog, Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures

Systemic Mycoses

Deep-seated

Inhalation

Primary (restricted)

Opportunistic (world-wide)

Opportunistic fungal infections Aspergillosis

Pulmonary Disseminated Para nasal sinusitis

Candidiasis Pulmonary Candidemia

Cryptococcus meningitis

Polyene antifungal agents

Amphotericin B

Nystatin

Azoles antifungal agents

Clotrimazole Econazole Ketoconazole Miconazole Fluconazole Itraconazole Posaconazole Voriconazole

Other antifungal agents

Echinocandins Anidulafungin Caspofungin Micafungin

Terbinafine

5-fluorocytosine