fundamentals of hf data link - hfdl long haul …hfdl.aero/downloads/hfdl overview august...

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Fundamentals of HF Data Link


Framework for Discussion

•  General Overview –  Propagation

•  The Ground Component –  Architecture –  HFDL Ground Station

•  The Airborne Component –  Architecture –  HF Data Radio

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Framework for Discussion

•  ARINC Report –  Provides guidelines or general info found by the airlines to be good

practices, often related to maintenance and support. •  ARINC Report 634: HF Data Link System Design Guidance Material.

•  ARINC Specification –  Principally used to define either the physical packaging or mounting

of the avionics equipment, data communications standards or high-level computer language.

•  ARINC Specification 635-4: HF Data Link Protocols.

•  ARINC Characteristics –  Define the form, fit, function and interfaces of avionics equipment

•  ARINC Characteristic 719-5: Airborne HF / SSB System. •  ARINC Characteristic 753-2: HF Data Link System.

ALL SPECS ARE AVAILABLE FROM ARINC.COM 3



General Overview


General Overview

•  ARINC launched the world’s only High Frequency Data Link (HFDL) system in 1998.

•  85 worldwide customers. •  Over 2600+ equipped aircraft with 4.8 million transmissions per

month.

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HFDL 101 … The Basics

•  Long-range, beyond the line-of-sight communications take place in the HF radio spectrum from 2-30 MHz. –  Over 167 frequencies used by the HFDL system worldwide. –  Over 32 different frequencies operating at any one time.

–  Air-ground message transmission speed varies depending on radio wave propagation conditions.

•  300, 600, 1200, 1800 bps.

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EHF Extremely high frequency 30-300 GHz SHF Superhigh frequency 3-30 GHz UHF Ultrahigh frequency 300-3,000 MHz VHF Very high frequency 30-300 MHz HF High frequency 2-30 MHz MF Medium frequency 300-3,000 kHz LF Low frequency 30-300 kHz

VLF Very low frequency 3-30 kHz Abbreviation Designation Frequency

HFDL

VHF SAT

SAT


HFDL 101 … Propagation

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One hop

Multi hop

Refraction of signal

Ionosphere

The ionosphere is a region of electrically charged particles or gases in the earth’s atmosphere, extending approx. 30-375

miles above the earth’s surface.


HFDL 101 … Propagation

•  HFDL propagation is dependent on the ionosphere. –  The ionosphere’s shape and

density change throughout the day and night.

–  In order to compensate, the HFDL system must also change the HF frequencies used.

•  The nature of HF propagation allows for signals to travel great distances through multi-hop propagation. –  15 ground stations provide

overlapping global coverage.

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The Ground Component


Architecture

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ARINC’s Central Processing System

(CPS)

HFDL Ground Station (HGS)

Ch1 Ch3 Ch2

ARINC Global Network Receive

Antenna

Transmit Antenna

Ground End Systems •  Airline host processing •  DSP services •  CAA systems •  Tower systems

VHF (POA) VDL

SATCOM


Worldwide Coverage

Areas of Primary coverage

Areas of Secondary coverage

Legend HFDL ground station

HF Ground Stations Alaska Bahrain Bolivia

California Canary Islands

Guam Hawaii Iceland Ireland

New York New Zealand

Panama Russia

South Africa Thailand


HFDL Flights – June 2015

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HFDL Polar Flights – June 2015

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The Airborne Component


Airborne Architecture

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Multi-Functional Cockpit Display Unit

Flight Management System

ACARS MU/CMU/ATSU

HF Data Radio (x2)

HF Coupler (x2)

HF Antenna


Equipage

•  HFDL is certified as forward-fit on most large commercial transport aircraft. –  Boeing

•  B737-700 / 800 / 900 •  B747-400 / 400F •  B757-200 / 300 •  B767-200 / 300 / 400 •  B777-200 / 300 •  B787 (future delivery)

–  Airbus •  A319 / 320 / 321 •  A330 / 340 •  A380 (HFDL is standard equipment)

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Equipage … cont.

•  Supplemental Type Certificate (STC) available on many aircraft types. –  A320 family –  B737-800 –  B747-200 / 300 / 400 –  B757-200 / 300 –  B767-200 / 300 / 400 –  B777-200 –  MD-11

–  Rockwell Collins owns many of these

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Let’s Wrap This Up …

•  HFDL ground and airborne components work together to make HFDL a highly reliable data link service.

•  HFDL is a cost-effective alternative to satellite, but used in conjunction with satellite provides the most reliable long-range data link combination.

•  Significant operational benefits to be gained from implementing HFDL.

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fundamentals of hf data link - hfdl long haul …hfdl.aero/downloads/hfdl overview august...

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