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Full text of "Sinhalese self-taught"

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B 3 56b OMO

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SINHALESE

This syttem taaches you the easntlalf of ft tanguag (for travel and enjoyment) without the drudgery of prolonged study

5'-

Nn

By

Don M. de ZILVA WICKREMASINGHi

Author of

Tamil Self*Taught

Tamil Grammar Saif-Taught, &c.

London : E. MAfU-fiOROUCH A CO. LTD.

Marlborough's

Self-Taught Series

of European and Oriental Languages

DESIGNED primarily for TOURISTS and TRAVEL- LERS in Foreign lands who, without previous knowledge of the Language, desire to express themselves sufficiently to be understood, these books also form a good foundation for the more seriously minded student.

The Method followed throughout the Scries is to give Classified vocabularies and Conversational Phrases under Subjects, arranged in three columns giving first the English word or phrase, second the Foreign equivalent, and third the English phonetic pronunciation. This latter column makes correct pronunciation a simple matter. A section on Elementary Grammar is included in most cases and deals with the construction of sentences and any special pcculiarites of the language, such as Genders, Tenses, Con^ jugation of Verbs, etc. For the more important languages a separate volume on Grammar is published containing, in addition to a thorough treatise on Grammar, Exercises for translation.

These books can he obtained through any bookseller. POIl COMPLETE LIST OF LANGUAGES SEE PA&E 4 OF COVLM

^1 k

^

^>/x

Marlborough's Self-Taught Series.

SinDalese SelfCauflbt

by the Natural Method

-WITH

Phonetic Pronunciation

THIMM'S

SYSTEM

BY

Don M. de Z. WICKRBMASINQHE,

Hon. M.A. (Oxon)

Epigraphist to the Ceylon Government. Lecturer on Tamil and

Teltigti in the University of Oxford, and on Pali and Prakrit for

Jesus College, Oxford. Author of " Tamil Self-Taught,"

" Tamil Grammar Self-Taught," etc.

PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN LONDON

E. Marlborough &z Co., Ltd.

ALL RIGHTS RSSBRVSO

TO

The Honourable Mr. F. H. M. CORBET,

ADVOCATE-GENERAL OF MADRAS,

I DEDICATE THESE PAGES,

AS A TOKEN

OF SINCERE GRATITUDE

FOR HELP AND ENCOURAGEMENT

AFFORDED ME IN MY LINGUISTIC STUDIES.

M. DE Z. WICKRERIASINGHE.

LETCH WORTH

THE GARDEN CITY PRESS LTD.,

PRINTERS.

Printed and Made in Great Britain.

PREFACE.

THIS manual is intended to supply a working knowled'ge of Sinhalese, for the benefit, primarily, of those who have not the time, or, perhaps, the inclination, to master the Grammar of the language, and yet require to use the spoken tongue for business or other purposes.

With this object in view, I have compiled the present work mainly on the lines of my Tamil Self-Taught, with the addition of an outline of the Grammar of Sinhalese, pending the publication of a separate volume of Grammar.

Having regard to the needs of students who work without a Teacher, I have devoted some pages wholly to the subject of pronunciation, and have given the transliteration of all the Sinhalese words occurring in the grammar section of the work, side by side with the Sinhalese character.

In the scheme of transliteration I have used full-faced type to mark the aspirate, instead of attaching the usual h to the aspirated con- sonant, on the principle of " one sign for one sign " : e. g., ssi = k, and ^ = k, not kh. This, I consider, is practically useful in the trans- literation of Prakrit and modern Indian dialects, for it will enable the reader to distinguish at a glance the difference between, say, (5sitS523^ rathaka, a red conch shell, and (5(5

33

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33

r

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33

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V

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ii

e

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19

ay represents the sound of a in able, pane (i. e. a simple

sound, not diphthongized)

i i in mine, or /

o ,5 in pot

oh 5, ., in noble

ow oiv in cotv, noiv

k ,, k in kite

if ., ., ckJi in Lockhart (approximately),

i.e. an aspirated k sound ., g in regard

g 5, gh in foghorn (approximately),

i.e. an aspirated g

n^ ,, ng in 5o?2^, i. e. a guttural na^al

c represents (always and only) the sound of cA in church

cli ,, 55 ch-h in church-huuse

(approximately),i.e. an aspirate ch sound

J jj 5? 3^ j^ y in jam

j an aspirated y sound

ny represents (always and only) the sound of the Spanish h or n in cognac (approximately)

t represents (always and only) the sound of t in two

t aspirated t sound, approximately like th in pot-herb

d represents (always and only) the sound of d in door

d an aspirated d sound, approximately like dh in adhere

n a cerebral n sound, see Alphabet, p. lo

t_h represents (always and only) the sound of th in with^ thermometer

th represents aspirated t_h sound

th

th

n

the sound of th in these

aspirated th sound (next preceding)

the sound of n in not

P P

p in pot aspirated p sound, approximately like ph in shepherd

20

b represents the sound of b in but

b aspirated b sound, approximately like bh m

abhor m as in English

y

?J

55

5?

55

?5

55

??

55

1

w

5 represents a sound between s and sh

sh the sound of sh in cushion

s 5 in 5i5^er

h as in English

/ cerebral / sound, see Alphabet, p. ii

ng represents the sound of ng in song

ch 5, ch in the Scotch word loch,

approximately n, m represent a soft semi-nasal sound, see Alphabet, p. ii.

Tonic Accent.

It should be noted that the first syllable of a Sinhalese word has, as a general rule, a fuller intonation than the remaining syllables of the word.* For the sake of clearness, however, vowels which are pronounced fully wdth a certain amount of ^ stress accent ^ are denoted by the mark of the acute accent placed above them, e.g. vU^da-kala kala (vadii- ku/u ku'lu).

* It is outside the scope of the present work to enter into a discussion oi the shifting of the accent.

VOCABULARIES.*

The World. {LoJca-visesa.)

Enrlish.

Air

cloud

cold

darkness

dew

earth (grou

(soil) East fire fog heat light lightning moon moonlight nature North rain (??.)

rainbow

shade

sky

South

sun

thunder

water

West

wind

nd)

Sinhalese (romanized).

Pronunciation.

Iiulahga, vdtaya

valdkida, mega

sitala, hlta

andura, kaluvara

pini

polova

pas

ndgena-hira, purva-

(jini [desa

mihidum

rasnaya, mna

eliya

ciduUya

hahda

haiida-pdna

ijatiya, svabdva

utura

vdssa

vahi7iavd (past, vm-

dediuma \sdj

sevana, hevana

ahasa

dakuna

ira, silrya

giguruina

vatiira, diya

hasnd-hira, hata-

kandtuva [hira

h6olii?l//gu, wa///7iuyu

wulrt/ikoo/u, may^ii

SQetJiulu, hee^ii

uh^Aooru, ku/oowurii

pini

po/owu

pus

nage^iu-hirii, poorwu-

gini [thay.su.

mihi?//oom

rusniiyu, oos/mu

eliyii

wi^/

sea

miida

moothu

shore

verala

weriiln [^ooroo

star

tarakdva, tari(,tmni

^rt//riikrtAwu, ^uroo

storm

knndtuva,mdnttaya

kooDrt/itoowu, mahiob-

stream

diyapdra, dla

thiyupaJivu, alu [/Tiiiyu

tank

vara

wawu

tide (high, low)

vada-diya, hd-diya

vvudu-i/iiyu, hah-tJdyu.

valley

kandii-pdtdle

kuht/too-'pahthahlay

water

vatiira, diya

wnthobrii, thiyu

(fresh)

hohda-vatara

hon^Aii-wu/T/ooru

(salt)

lunn-vatura

loo>'6o-wn^ooru

waterfall

diya-vdtwia, prapd-

i/aradesika badii-

tlruva tu'Hva (jata-hdid i adamgu- (or dtul-)

karana-lada adamgii-deija pita-liyanavd, jdta-

atsan-karanavd pita-atsana, pita-

liyamana inarukerwia j

karmdnta Mldva, \

vdda-pattalaija ' velanda srniidf/aiiia {badu)yavana,aiin(( [niyama tdnata ba- clii)ya vann a , a rinnd miihi-bara saJiatikaya, dpaya 7iaya kdre pita - ratin genvana badu-da, pita-rata- ta yavana badu-da dddyama, ay a,

Idbhaya ddnum-dlma, sdla- kirlma, nivedanaya upadravdraksaya ,

satydpanaya upadrardraksaka-

patraija iipad ravdra ksaya ta

(jerana nnidala upadravaya-ydna

aatydpaua-karana- poliya [rd

uayaturaha \

patavanavd i

Pronunciation.

pitu-rututu urinii budoo-

/Tzeeroowu /T/eeroowen ni/mhus-woo puru?////siku budoo^ee-

roowii /^eeroowu gu^u-haki udu/ij^goo-kurunu-lu^/zii,

a///d61-kurunu-lu^//u ud u nggoo- they II pitTi-liyunuwrt/j, pitu-ut//-

sun-kurunuw/< pitu-uf/^sunu, pitu-liyu-

munu lurt/troo-kereemu ku vniah n tjiu sahlahv^'ii .,

wadu-puttuluyu weZunf/ai suma/igumu (budob) yuwunu, urijiu (uiyumu //?aaiitu budoo)

yuwunnrtA, uri?i.*/f;// mo6/oo-buru suhu^ikuyu, apuyu nuyu-kar?/ pitu-rutin genwunii

budoo-i/iu, pitu-rutucu

yuwunu budoo- ^Au ahthahymiLiu, uyu, \ak-

buyu i/ianoom-^/teemu, salu-

kireemu, niw(ij///ainuyu oopu/iruwa/Muk-shuyu,

su^yrtApunuyu oopuf/