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Correctional Education Association

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CORRECTIONAL EDUCATION

The Journal

of

Correctional

Education

CEA

CORRECTIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCI ATI ON

Volume 49 • Issue 4 • December 1998



The Journal of Correctional Education

TheJournal ofCorrectional Education is the

official publication of the Correction Educa

tionAssociation. ZfeycwB/ispublishedquar

terly in September, December, March, June. All advertising in TheJournals used to defray

publication and distribution costs.

Correctional Education Association Officers—Jim

Keeley (President); Glen Donaldson (Past

President); Patricia Franklin (Vice President);

Jennifer Oliver (Secretary); Danny Herman

(T reasurer)

Regional Directors—Bill Barber (Region I); Charles Laws (Region II); Tim Phillians (Re

gion III); Tom Daly (Region IV); Owen

Modeland (Region V); Judith Purdy (Region

VI); Lindy Khan (Region VII); George Will

iams (Region VIII); Patrick O'Donneli (Re

gion IX); Kevin Warner & Robin Quantick

(International Representatives)

Correctional Education Association International Of

fice—Steve Steurer, Executive Director,

4380 Forbes Boulevard, Lanham, MD20706;

Phone: (301)918-1915.

The Correctional Education Association, or

CEA, is affiliated with the American Correc

tional Association as an international profes sional organization serving the educational

program needs within the field of correc

tions. Through the Association's publica tions, workshops, and the annual International

Conference, CEA strives to broaden the

professional horizons and equip each mem

ber with the support to provide relevant

educational programs which focus upon life

survival skills for the adult or juvenile offender.

The organization wishes to apprise its mem

bers as well as all of corrections of the great

importance of interaction between the dis

ciplines and services within the institutions

and agencies, in an attempt to improve the

delivery of total treatment services.

Thejoumalof Correctional Educations published

quarterly forthe Correctional Education Asso

ciation, Inc., 4380 Forbes Boulevard, Lanham,

Maryland 20706, phone (301) 918-1915.

Second class postage paid at Laurel, M D 20707 and additional mailing offices. Subscription rates

for the Journal of Correctional Education are:

Subscription, $50/year; Individual, $50/year;

Library/Institutions, $85/Vear; Clerical/Support Staff, $20/year; Corporate, $275/year; Life

time, $ 1,000; $5/single issue. Send change of

address notice and a recent mailing label to CEA, 4380 Forbes Boulevard, Lanham, MD 20706, 60 days prior to actual change of address. CEA

will not replace undelivered copies resultingfrom address change. Printed in the USA. Copyright 1997 by the Correctional Education Associa

tion.

EDITORIAL BOARD

John Anastasio Educational Consultant; Dewitt, NY

Richard Ashcroft Senior Research Fellow; Center for the Study of Correctional Education; California State University. San Bernardino

Gordon S. Bernell Program Manager; Bernalillo County Detention Center

Michael D. Brasel Program Director; Texas Higher Education; Coordinating Board

Paul G. Burkett Associate Professor of Economics; Indiana State University

Eileen M. Burne Professor of Education; University of Queensland. Australia

Barbara DelNero Special Education Teacher; Loysville Secure Treatment Unit

Stephen R. Duguid Director; Graduate Liberal Studies; Simon Fraser University

Carolyn R. Eggleston Associate Professor; Center for the Study of Correctional Education; California State University, San Bernardino

Uiswoma Evawoma Enuku Educational Consultant; Dewitt, NY

Jerry Evensky Associate Professor of Economics; Syracuse University

Vincente Garrido Genoves Professor of Correctional Education & Criminal Psychology; Valencia University. Spain

Mark S. Hamm Associate Professor of Criminology; Indiana State University

Louise H. Henick Special Education Teacher; Beaumont Learning Center

Guy Houchon Department of Criminology; Catholic University of Louvam. France

Don 5. Howington Academic Coordinator; GA Department of Corrections

Sylvia Johann Title I Coordinator; NYS Dept. of Correctional Services

Leroy Kaplan Director; Bureau of Programs for Special Needs; Chicago Board of Education

Chuck Kelso Business & Office Education Instructor; Washington (State) Corrections Center

Joseph S. Kersting Director of Corrections Education; Western Illinois University

Harvey Kushner Chairman; Department of Criminaljustice; C. W. Post Campus; Long Island University

Katherine A. Larson Educational Researcher; University of California. Santa Barbara

John F. Littlefield Fiscal Administrator; Ohio Central School System; Columbus. Ohio

Gaye Luna Chair; Department of Technology; College of Engineering & Technology; Northern Arizona University

JoAnn M. Mahan Educational Consultant; California Department of Corrections

Janet E. McClellan Parole Training & Special Projects Manager; Kansas State Department of Corrections

Ruth Elliott Perkins Instructor; Chemeketa Community College

Ted Price Director; Correctional & Alternative Education School; Orange County Department of Education; Costa Mesa, CA

Paul Ripley Education Department; HMP Whatton; Great Britain

John Ritter Instructor; Oregon State Penitentiary

Robert Semmens Senior Lecturer; Institute of Education; Melbourne University

Linda Smith Professor; University of South Flonda

Monica Parks Spinner Special Education Instructor; Illinois Department of Corrections; Vandalia Correctional Center

Don Stephenson Program Director (M.S. Education); University of Wisconsin, Stout

James J. Travers Decision Research & Evaluation; Springfield, Illinois

David R. Werner Director; Education Program in Correctional Institutions; University of LaVerne

Blythe Wood National Education Advisory Officer; National Association forthe Care & Resettlement of Offenders; United Kingdom

The Journal of Correctional Education accepts full, half, and quarter page advertisements.

For deadlines and advertising rates, please contact: Alice Tracy, Journal of Correctional

Education, 4380 Forbes Boulevard, Lanham, Maryland 20706, (301)918-1915.

• Publisher: California State University, San Bernardino, Center for the Study of Correctional

Education • Typesetting & Layout: Karen Michele Yates, San Bernardino, CA •

Printing: Wirz &

Company, Colton, CA •

address change. Printed in the USA. Copyright 1997 by the Correctional Education Associa

tion.



JCE • Volume 49 • Issue 4 • December 1998

CONTENTS

I 34 Funding & Legislation UPDATE

136 Technology Dateline

Alan Toops

138 Vision & Purpose Spirit Awakening Foundation

140 Call for Bids to Publish the Journal of Correctional Education

I 42 Improving Self-Esteem of Women Offenders Through Process-based Writing in a Learning Circle: An

Exploratory Study Zandra H. Stino & Barbara C. Palmer

I 52 Does Correctional Education Have an Effect on Recidivism?

Mitchell Jancic

I 62 Retrospective Perceptions of Incarcerated Adults During the Secondary Years

Deborah E. Griswold & Brenda Smith Myles

I 74 Special Students in a Special Setting—Assessment & lEPs for Students in Detention: A Guide for

Teachers

Laura L. Smith

I 80 Instructions for Submissions to the Journal of Correctional Education

I 82 Background Profiles of Adult Offenders in South Carolina

Jeffrey A. Schwartz & Gary M. Miller

196 Needs Assessment in the Educational Provision for Foreign Prisoners

Usiwoma Evawoma-Enuku

EDITOR U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION UPDATE

Carolyn Eggleston Richard Smith

TECHNICAL EDITOR HISTORICAL VIGNETTES

Robin Kaplan Thorn Gehring

TYPESETTING & LAYOUT BOOK REVIEWS

Karen Michele Yates David Werner

JUSTICE DATELINE TECHNOLOGY DATELINE

Rita Rippentoe Alan Toops

ThejoumalofCorrectionalEducationwefcomes manuscripts, book reviews, software reviews and letters to the editor. Yoursuggestions should besentto: Dr. Carolyn Eggleston, EditorJournalofCorrectionalEducation, Department of Educational Policy & Research (UH

403), California State University, San Bernardino, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA92407-2397. "Instructions for

Submission" can be found on page 180ofthis issue.

133




Funding &

Legislation Prepared by the Office of Correctional Education and the Office of Vocational &

Adult Education Policy Analysis Staff

With the recent passage of both the Workforce Invest

ment Act of 1998 and the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and

Applied Technology Education Amendments of 1998, there have been several changes to formula grant fund

ing provided to States that effect correctional education.

With funds set aside from Adult Education State Formula

Grant funds each eligible agency should carry out cor

rections education or education for other institutional

ized individuals, including academic programs for:

(1) Basic education;

(2) Special education programs as determined by the eligible agency;

(3) English literacy programs; and

(4) Secondary school credit programs.

(PL 105-220 section 225)

The Workforce Investment Act changes the guaranteed 10% correctional education set-aside from the Adult

Education State Formula Grants to a cap of 10%. This

means that states can spend "not more than 10 per cent" on correctional education (PL 105-220 section

222(a)( I)). As a result, States can provide less than 10%

to programs for institutionalize individuals, which may

change the amount funded in many states.

In addition, the legislation states that a priority should be

given to serving individuals who are likely to leave the

correctional institution after 5 years of participation in the

program.

The changes in the Perkins Act Amendments are similar.

The previous legislation mandated a I % set-aside to be

used to provide services for juvenile and adult offenders,

including individuals incarcerated in local institutions. The

new legislation states that a portion of State leadership funds, in an amount not more than I % of State allot

ment, should be reserves to serve individuals in State

institutions, such as State correctional institutions and in

stitutions that serve individuals with disabilities. Again, this

cap will allow States to spend less than I % if they so

choose (House Conference Report 105-800 section I 12

(a)(2)(A)).

In addition, another piece of recent legislation changes the correctional education funding scene. The Omnibus

Appropriations Bill provides funding for the continuation

of the Workplace and Community Transition Training for

incarcerated Youth Offenders Program and for new grants under the Literacy Programs for Prisoners (PL 105-277).

The Workplace and Community Transition Training for

Incarcerated Youth Offenders Program provides funding to States to provide postsecondary certificate or degree

programs to incarcerated persons age 25 or younger.

Currently 40 State grants are being funded. The recent

appropriation will fund continuation grants to the current

40 applicants, as well as any of the remaining 10 State

Correctional Education Agencies that are eligible to ap

ply.

The Literacy Programs for Prisoners provides grants to

State and local correctional agencies or correctional edu

cation agencies that plan to provide quality life skills and

literacy training to incarcerated persons. An RFP for the

Literacy Program for Prisoners grants should appear in

the federal register in Spring 1999.

For more information about these or other correctional

education topics, please feel free to contact the Office of

Correctional Education at:

U.S. Department of Education

Office of Correctional Education

330 C Street, SW • MES 4529

Washington, DC 20202-7242

Phone: (202) 205-5621 • Fax: (202) 401 -2615

E-mail: [email protected]

134




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135



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173




Instructions for Submissions to The Journal of Correctional Education

1. The Journal will be pleased to receive contributions from all parts of the world. Manuscripts for

publication should be sent to: Carolyn Eggleston, Journal of Correctional Education, Department of

Educational Policy & Research (UH-403), California State University, San Bernardino, 5500 Univer

sity Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407-2397

2. Send: A 3-1 /4" disk (indicate format—IBM or Mac—and software program used) and five (5) copies of the article. The author's name and title page should be detachable from the rest of the text to

facilitate blind review by the editorial board. Authors will be notified upon receipt of the article and

again when the decision of acceptance, rejection, or needs revisions is made by the editorial board.

3. The manuscript should be in English. To simplify communication across disciplines, jargon should

be avoided. Submit five typed electrostatic copies, double spaced throughout, including tables,

legends, and citations. Size preferred is 8-1/2" by I I". Pages should be numbered consecutively,

including the title page. Manuscripts are not returned.

4. Title page should include: (I) Title of submission, and (2) Author's name, address, phone number,

E-mail address, and a brief forty-words or less biographical sketch. In the case of coauthors, respec tive addresses should be clearly indicated, as well as a note identifying which author is to receive

correspondence. Please notify the editor of any change of address and/or phone number that

occurs while a paper is in the process of publication.

5. The essential contents of each paper should be stated briefly in an abstract following the title page. The title of the article should be on the abstract page, but should not include the author's name,

(Approximately 150-300 words in length.)

6. All figures and illustrations should be professionally drawn about twice the final size required. All

photographs, maps, charts, diagrams should be referred to as "figures" and numbered consecu

tively and should have informative titles. Their positions in the manuscript should be indicated.

7. Tables should be submitted on separate sheets of paper, should be numbered consecutively, and

should have informative titles. Their positions in the manuscript should be indicated.

8. In preparing manuscripts for publication, The Publication Manual of the American PsychologicalAsso ciation and Webster's Dictionary are. generally followed on questions of references, spelling, punc tuation and format.

9. Footnotes are to be used only for substantive comments, not for citation. Footnotes should be

inserted appropriately and shown at the end of the text. Follow APA guidelines on referencing.

10. The/oLms/welcomes curriculum projects, essays, letters to the editor, book reviews, reviews and

evaluations of educational materials, as well as job postings, conference announcements, and other

professional development related materials. Original text to speeches are generally not published,

however, revised submission reflecting the preceding guidelines are welcome.

11. If questions arise, contact the editor at (909) 880-5654 (or E-mail to [email protected]).

180




Correctional Education

Association

54th International Conference

^theSp^.

Education

August 1-4, 1999

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Adam's Mark Hotel

t For more information contact:

Steven J. Ellis or Melissa Taillon

CEA—Philadelphia '99

P.O. Box 801

Windsor Locks, CT 06096

Phone 860-627-2127

Fax 860-627-2246

[email protected]

fc -J

181



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