GLT SARASWATI BAL MANDIR NEHRU NAGAR , NEW DELHI-65

FROM THE BEGINNING OF TIMEBY

RASHMI AND TANU

INTRODUCTION The progress which we have written

records is know as Historic Period. But the man had lived on the earth for millions of years before he developed the art of writting. The study of history is the study of entire human past which started million of years ago. It is continous phenomenon.The achivements of the human society can be known from the records of some kinds or the The period man is called the Pre- Historic Period.

SOURCES CAN PROVED HISTORY Religious books =

The Ramayan, Bibals, Mahabharat, Quran that are known about history.

Monuments = History depends on situated things. The TajMahal, Redfort, JammaMajid are situated by ShahJhan

COINS= COINS ARE ALSO KNOWN ABOUT THE HISTORY. THE CLAY COINS, COPPER COINS, SILVER AND GOLD COINS .

BEGINNING OF HUMAN EXISTENCE

Several forms of humans emerged and then disappeared . Human beings

resembling the present day humans called Homo Sapiens or

modern humans originated about 160,000 years ago.

During this long period of human history, men obtained food by gathering plant produce or by hunting .

• Man also learnt to make crude stone tools and to communicate with one another.

PRE-HISTORIC PERIODThese excavations led to the discovery

of human fossils, old tools, pottery and bones of ancient human beings and animals.

We had little knowledge about the pre historic times until the 19th century when the archaeologists began excavations at the places where the pre-historic men might have lived.

On the basis of the information thus gathered from these things, the archaeologists and the scholars have brought to light the way men lived in the pre-historic age.

PRE-HISTORIC PERIOD

DARWIN’SVIEWS The systematic

explanation of evolution goes to Charles Darwin.

His theory of evolution was a basic force in the shaping of the modern mind. His famous work ORIGIN OF SPECIES published in 1859.

Darwin gave a systematic explanation of evolution of life. He hold that there are many similarities the physical structure and functions of flower animal.

THE METHODS OF EXCAVATION

The archaeologists dig the places concerned with patience and utmost care with the pick axes and spades. First, they remove the dust from above and around the objects with a knife and then brush them. They do not disturb their positions and original forms.

METHODS EMPLOYED FOR EXPLORATION BY THE ARCHAEOLOGISTS.

Many things which could help us in acquiring the knowledge about the culture of early men were damaged or perished within a short period. There are, however, certain factors which help in preserving the articles which would otherwise perish in short period. For example in a pit full of snow in Siberia, the archaeologists discovered a pre-historic mammals.

ORIGIN OF HOMONOIDES Drawn of early man. This period of

time is called the stone age because these early men created tools of stone. The first humans appeared in Africa about two million years ago. But some historians think that Homo-Sapiens did not evolve solely in Africa but simultaneously in Africa, Europe and North and South-east Asia. This was the beginning of the STONE AGE.

Australopithecus

The first apeman was known as Australopithecus Southern Ape. They were found in South Africa. They had basic traits of humans . They could stand up.

PHYSICAL FEATURES OF AUSTRALOPITHECUS :

Long forelimbs.

Curved hand and foot bones.

Mobile ankle joints.

NEOLITHIC PERIODSFrom 10,000 of years the human survives by hunting food gathering they left behind the Pelolithic age and entered the new Neolithic age.

Neolithic man make tools of ground stone which where more durable than earlier tools and made important invention like plough and the wheel which appeared towards the end of the neolithic age.

Agriculture become a full time occupation the wild animals and plants become larger and provided more food the few centers of this agriculture revolution the new way of life gradually spread over most of the globe

Another region for the late beginning of agriculture was the scarcity of plants and animals suitable for domestic animal . They use animals for agriculture and transformed into food producers.

FOSSILS

Remains of a very old animals , plants or humans which have turned into stones are known as Fossils.

Fossils are often embedded in rock. They are preserved for millions of years.

WAYS OF EARLY MAN HAVE OBTAINED FOOD o Gathering =the

process of gathering includes the collection of food items like berries, seeds, nuts, fruits .

o Hunting = By hunting , the early man kill the animals for eating.

PRIMATES Subgroup of a larger

group of mammals are Primates.

FEATURES The have hair on the

body . The have long

gestation period following birth.

The have mammary glands among females to feed their children.

CONCLUSION

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