Friday, October 25th Bell Work: Please turn in your Ch. 22 Guided Reading worksheet to the

homework bin and log-on to your computer. Visit the class wiki and check out the Unit 4 Resources page. Use the games, flashcards, links,

etc. to get familiar with and review the vocabulary for Unit 4.

Daily Agenda:• Bell Work: Vocabulary Acquisition• Word of the Day Review• Notes: Maritime Empires• Research: The Legacy of Columbus• Socratic Seminar: Columbus’s

Legacy• Summarizer: Columbus – God or

Monster

Essential Question: What should the true legacy of Columbus be?

Homework: Read The Potato Connection (on Class Wiki) and complete worksheet.

WHICH WORD:When given a word problem in mathematics that asks you for an unknown number, you need to use a variable in the equation to represent that number.

Choose the word below that most closely relates to the context of the sentence:

1. Coefficient2. Symbol3. Exponent4. Parenthesis

(Which Word) October 25, Block 3

Variable – A symbol (like x or y) that is used in mathematical or logical expressions to represent a variable quantity(Review Lesson from Wed)

WHICH WORD:When given a word problem in mathematics that asks you for an unknown number, you need to use a variable in the equation to represent that number.

Choose the word below that most closely relates to the context of the sentence:

1. Coefficient2. Symbol3. Exponent4. Parenthesis

Variable – A symbol (like x or y) that is used in mathematical or logical expressions to represent a variable quantity(Possible Answer)

(Which Word ) October 25, Block 3

Critical Thinking:What makes the United States the richest and most powerful nation in

the world?

• Mercantilism Economic system in which the prosperity of a nation depended on a large supply of gold or silver.

• Joint-Stock Companies Private firms organized to finance colonies and expeditions. Each investor earned a share of the wealth earned by the company. Often received official charters to conquest on behalf of a kingdom.

Economic Change:

Mercantilism

Balance of Trade

TariffsSubsidies/

Infrastructure

Colonization

New Resources

ForcedLabor

HOW MERCANTILISM WORKS

Portugal • Motivations - Geographic location (nothing to the West/sea dependent);

Contact with the Muslim world (witnessed differences/wanted revenge/thirst for wealth)

• Trademark – Opened up trade of slaves not associated with war (did not introduce the notion, simply exploited it); attempted to become big player in spice trade; fortified their newly claimed lands (Brazil, African coast, parts of India) to control routes.

• Claims – The Portuguese would eventually claim sovereignty over Brazil (an accident ship blown off course on way to India), Mozambique and forts along the African coastline, portions of the Indian coastline, and the Indonesia islands (early on).

Spain• Motivations – The Newly formed nation (Ferdinand and Isabella married just prior) sought to

expanded its international influence (no longer the conquered lands of Islam), finance its development (geographic disadvantage over trade= no trade to the west, Italy better placed), and gain notoriety (already used Spanish Inquisition to control people); competition with neighboring Portugal.

• Trademark – Columbus popularizes the Americas as a source of resources and wealth; Missionary zeal (only recently gained freedom from Muslim rule and wanted to prove Christian dedication); received papal approval for dominion over what is now Latin America (sought to legitimize “claim”); Magellan expedition first to circumnavigate the planet (he dies in the Philippines trying to intervene in a local dispute)

• Claims – In 1494, the Treaty of Tordesillas granted Spain control of the undiscovered, non-Christian lands in the Americas (except Brazil); claimed the Philippines after Magellan’s voyage; controlled various small Pacific Islands; established colonies in Mexico, Peru, the Caribbean, and Florida

France• Motivations – With a newly strengthened monarchy (after the 100 years war), the

French sought their own claims in the Americas, aka an Artic passage to China (did not want to compete with Spanish and Portuguese= granted by Pope); sought new resources (fur trade prospered under Champlain); missionary conversion became a major goal in Canada.

• Trademark - After failing to discover a Northwest passage (despite valiant searches by Verrazano and Champlain, the French turned their interest toward settlement and trade with the Americas (founded Montreal and Quebec settlements with positive relationship with indigenous peoples).

• Claims – Canada (Settled in Montreal, Quebec); later they claimed the Mississippi River region (New Orleans); a few small islands in the Caribbean (St. Martin, St. Barts, Martinique, Haiti, etc.); and French Guiana.

England• Motivations – Like the French, the British sought a Northwest Passage to Asia for trade purposes

(early explorations of Cabot and Hudson were deemed relative failures); as latecomers in the exploration race, they weren’t satisfied with leftovers in the Americas. They fought and defeated the Spanish Armada (Battle of Gravelines – 1588), effectively limiting their competition; they also sought new markets for British wool, and additional fishing sources; later, religious persecution and economic opportunity fueled British settlement in the Americas.

• Trademark – The British were one of the first empires to utilize joint-stock trading companies (Virginia Co., British East India Co.) to organize and administer colonization (as in the Americas) and trade (in particular in India). Later, the British sought resources and living space from the colonies (wanted the land, not just the slaves or gold like the Spanish). Later, due to funding and the stressed importance, the British will come to dominate the seas worldwide.

• Claims - The British American colonies (13 colonies along the Atlantic Coast); northern sections of Canada (Eventually all of Canada after the Seven Years War); a few Caribbean Islands (Bahamas, Bermuda, etc.)

The Netherlands• Motivation – After gaining independence from Spain, the Dutch first turned their eyes

toward the riches of Southeast Asia (realized that the effort required for riches in the Americas was not as lucrative as SE Asian spice trade); later, colonies were sought and established in New York (New Amsterdam originally) and at the Cape of Good Hope (Cape Town founded by the Boers) largely to keep up with the neighboring European empires.

• Trademark – The Dutch initially sought trade, not territory. In essence they wanted economic wealth, not resources. They ousted the Portuguese from Indonesia and came to control much of the SE Asian spice trade (Dutch East India Co. actually ruled Taiwan). Later colonies (New Amsterdam, Boer settlements) were actually more of refueling grounds for trade routes.

• Claims – Indonesia (more influence than rule); Cape Town region of South Africa (Settled by Boer farmers as refueling station for sailors); New Amsterdam (later lost to the British).

Free Write:What should determine a person’s legacy? Should it be based solely on

their accomplishments and actions? Should their motivations or the context of their times play a role in determining their legacy? Take 3

minutes to free write on the topic on the handout provided.

What is Columbus’s True Legacy?

Research Notes:Using the links and files on the Daily Assignments page of the class wiki, research the legacy of Christopher Columbus. As you research, note any

supporting details on the worksheet provided.

Socratic Seminar:How should history remember Christopher Columbus?

Supporting Your Position:On your poster paper, complete the sentence stem “Christopher Columbus

was…” with a single word or phrase that you feel best summarizes his legacy. Then, on your poster paper, list supporting details that directly back up your

conclusion. (At least 4 supporting details)Find an appropriate image to support your position. Print it and post it to your

poster.Write your group members names on the paper.

Daily Summarizer:On the bottom of your research notes, respond in complete sentences to the following question: On a scale of 1-10 with 1 representing pure evil and 10

representing saintly goodness, where does Christopher Columbus fall? Support and explain your response. When you finish, turn in your worksheet

to the homework bin and pick up The Potato Connection worksheet.