Freshwater

Institute

Institute of Ocean Sciences

Institute Maurice Lamontagne

Gulf Fisheries

Center

NW Atlantic Fisheries Center

St. Andrews Biological

Station

Bedford Institute of Oceanography

Bayfield Institute

Pacific Biological

Station

• 3 Oceans3 Oceans• Many Shelf and Inland Seas

• 6 DFO Regions

• 9+ Facilities

Ocean Climate Monitoring & Research Programs in DFO ScienceOcean Climate Monitoring & Research Programs in DFO Science

PacificPacific

ArcticArctic

AtlanticAtlantic

Ocean Climate Setting for DFO Eastern Arctic and

North Atlantic Programs

Cold Currents

Warm Currents

Important region for the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and the global climate system

Regional ocean climate and ecosystems in the North Atlantic’s subArctic and subpolar gyre

G Holloway / P Jones I Yashayaev

Climate Change Setting for the Eastern Arctic and NW Atlantic

Observed Global Surface Temperature Anomalies (relative to 1951-80) in recent years

2006

2007

NASA/GISS

Predicted Change in Surface Air Temperatures from 1981-2000 to 2081-2100, from CGCM3 Model

Note area of reduced warming in northern North Atlantic

IPCC SRES B1 (550 ppm) experiment (5-member ensemble mean)

EC - CCCMA

Major Components of DFO Ocean Climate Program for NW Atlantic and Eastern Arctic

• Monitoring– Atlantic Zone Monitoring Program (AZMP): Shelf/slope focus – Atlantic Zone Off-Shelf Monitoring Program (AZOMP)Atlantic Zone Off-Shelf Monitoring Program (AZOMP)

• Lab Sea AR7W Line, Extended Halifax Line, Argo, Remote Sensing, Other? Lab Sea AR7W Line, Extended Halifax Line, Argo, Remote Sensing, Other?

– Sea Level Network, Other Nearshore

• Research– Targeted Observations (e.g. Canadian Archipelago)– Analysis and Interpretation– Model simulations

• Shelf/Basin/Global Hindcasts, East Coast Ice-Ocean Forecast, Arctic Ice-Ocean

– New “Climate Change Science Initiative (CCSI)”• Scenarios, Impacts, Ocean Acidification, Hypoxia

• Data Archival and Dissemination– ISDM/MEDS, BIO and AZMP websites

• New Technologies– Icycler & Biocycler, Moving Vessel Profiler (MVP), SeaHorse– Remote Sensing & Coupled Models

Ocean Climate Monitoring in the NW Atlantic

Extended Halifax

Line

AR7W Line

0 200

km

400

4000 m

3000 m

2000 m

Bravomooring

deepconvection

NorthAtlanticCurrent

IrmingerCurrent

LabradorSlope

Current

AR7WLine

LabradorSea

WestGreenland

Current

LabradorCurrent

Labrador

Greenland

Key Features on AR7W Line

4-D Observations from Argo

Cross-shelf/slope AZMP Lines & Off-Shelf AZOMP Lines & Off-Shelf AZOMP Lines

Core Variables in AZOMPCore Variables in AZOMP• CTD Temp, Sal, Oxygen (DO)• Bottle Sal, DO, CO2, Alkalinity, Tracers (CFCs, I129)• Biogenic carbon (particulate &dissolved)• Plankton (bacteria, phyto & zooplankton) abundance and production

Other Sampling in AZOMPOther Sampling in AZOMP• XBTs & VMADCP• LADCP (WHOI)• Near-bottom mooring at 1000m on Lab Slope

AZMP: A joint initiative of 5 DFO LabsAZMP: A joint initiative of 5 DFO Labs

AZOMP: Co-led by BIO OSD & ERDAZOMP: Co-led by BIO OSD & ERD

Ocean Climate Research Themes at BIO(Ocean Sciences and Ecosystem Research Divisions)

• Arctic Circulation and Throughflow

• Water Mass and Circulation Variability in the NW Atlantic Subpolar Gyre

• Arctic-Atlantic Coupling in the Larger-Scale Climate System

• Circulation and Currents Variability along the NW Atlantic Slope

• Air-Sea Coupling

• Coastal Ocean Climate

• Marine Ecosystem Productivity (lower trophic levels)

• Circulation, Ice-Ocean and Waves Hindcasts and Forecasts

• New Methodologies for Marine Observations

Moored Current/Hydrographic Measurement Sites in the NW Atlantic since 2000 (involving BIO OSD)

Issues:• Arctic outflows (with UW)• Labrador Current & other slope currents/hydrographic variability • Currents variability for oil & gas regulatory issues

• Deep flows connecting to AMOC

Locations since 2000 Locations since 2000 (at present)(at present)::

• Davis StraitDavis Strait (w UW) (w UW)

• Labrador Shelf & SlopeLabrador Shelf & Slope

• Orphan Basin & KnollOrphan Basin & Knoll

• Flemish PassFlemish Pass

• Laurentian Channel & FanLaurentian Channel & Fan

• Scotian SlopeScotian Slope (w (w & w/o & w/o UK POL UK POL in RAPID)in RAPID)

Implementing Monitoring and Research:A Typical OSD-ERD AZOMP Expedition (May 2008)

Leg 1: 9-12 days

• Research survey & moorings

• Orphan Basin/Knoll in 2008 & 2009

Leg 2: 15-18 days• AZOMP surveys on:

• AR7W line

• Extended Halifax Line

• AZMP surveys on Hfx Line

• Piggy-back research when feasible

Ocean and Coupled (Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere) Modeling in CONCEPTS and GOAPP

Ocean Model Domains• Global (1º)• N Atlantic (1/4º)• NW Atlantic (1/4º)• EAST (1/12º) • North Pacific (1º, 1/4º)• NE Pacific (1/4º, 1/12º)• Arctic (1º, 1/4º)

- Using the OPA-NEMO system from Mercator (France)

- DFO partnering with other Canadian agencies and Mercator in CONCEPTS for operational atmosphere-ice-ocean nowcasting & forecasting

- Collaboration with Universities in GOAPP research network for predictability and prediction on weather and climate time scales

- Includes ocean “re-analyses”

- Applications to coupled hindcasts - Ice-ocean, phys-biogeochemical

Wright, Lu, Foreman, Brickman, Davidson et al.

BIO in Lancaster Sound

Other BIO Lead or Participation

Others

Moored Measurements of Volume and Freshwater Transports from the Arctic to the Atlantic Ocean

Current-Meter Moorings in Lancaster Sound since 1998

What are the transport rates, and how are they changing ?What are the transport rates, and how are they changing ?

ICYCLERICYCLERA new moored profiler to measure Freshwater Transport below sea ice

Prinsenberg, Hamilton, Petrie with Lee (UW)