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Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston Phytoplankton Dynamics Laboratory [email protected] 1

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Freshwater Bioindicators in

Galveston Bay

Dr. Jamie Steichen and

Dr. Antonietta Quigg

Texas A&M University at Galveston

Phytoplankton Dynamics Laboratory

[email protected]

1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Carla Guthrie (TWDB)

Cammie Schoenbaechler (TWDB)

TSJ-BBASC

Lisa Gonzalez (HARC)

Erin Kinney (HARC)

Jim Tolan (TPWD)

Katie St. Clair (TAMUG)

Rachel Windham (TAMUG)

2

OBJECTIVES

1. Test the conclusion that the bioindicators reported in TSJ-

BBEST report are appropriate for representing sufficient

freshwater inflow to Galveston bay

2. Consider the addition of new species which were

previously not recognized during the Trinity-San Jacinto

Bays and Basins Expert Science Team (TSJ-BBEST)

process.

3

Higher Salinity Bioindicators:

Lagodon rhomboides

Pinfish

Squilla empusa

Mantis Shrimp

Stramonita haemastoma

Oyster Drill Perkinus marinus

Dermo

FRESHWATER BIOINDICATORS

RECOMMEND BY TSJ-BBEST

Rangia cuneata

Atlantic Rangia

Vallisneria sp.

Wild Celery Ictalurus furcatus

Blue Catfish

Brevoortia patronus

Gulf Menhaden

Lower Salinity Bioindicators:

Background

4

*

BIOLOGICAL DATA

TPWD – Coastal Fisheries Division –Rockport

- Finfish and Invertebrates

- Bay Trawl and Oyster Dredge

- 1980-2010

Oyster Sentinel

- Dermo

- 1998-2010

Data & Methods

5

TPWD TCEQ

Temperature (°C) NO3 + NO2 (mg L-1)

Salinity (psu) PO4 (mg L-1)

Dissolved Oxygen (mg L-1) NH3 (mg L-1)

Turbidity (ntu) DIN:P

USGS TWDB

Trinity River (cfs) Total surface Inflow (ac ft s-1)

San Jacinto River (cfs)

ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS Data & Methods

6

STUDY AREA

• Galveston Bay

– Trinity Bay (TB)

– Upper Galveston Bay (UGB)

– Lower Galveston Bay (LGB)

Data & Methods

7

Water Quality: Average across stations within each sub-bay for

each season within each year

Biological Data: Sum across each bay segment for each season

within each year

META-ANALYSIS METHODS

• ArcGIS mapping

• Statistical Analyses

– PRIMER-E + PERMANOVA add-on package

• Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCO) – Provided visual representation of data

• Distance Based Linear Model – Calculate the correlation between biotic and abiotic data

Data & Methods

8

ENVIRONMENTAL DATA 1980-2010

9

Results

Trinity Bay

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

PCO1 (33.7% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2

( 2 1

. 4

%

o f t o

t a

l v a

r i a

t i o

n )

Transform: Log(X+1)

Normalise

Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Season

W

SP

SU

F

Temp (°C)

DO (mg/L)

Salinity (psu)

Turb (ntu)

NO3+NO2 (µM)

NH3 (µM)

PO4 (µM)

DIN:DIP

TWDB_SurfIn

Trinity River

San Jacinto River

ENVIRONMENTAL DATA 1980-2010

10

Results

TB LGB

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 PCO1 (30.1% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2 ( 1 7 . 1

% o

f t o

t a l v

a r i a t i o

n )

Transform: Log(X+1)

Normalise

Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Season

W SP SU F

Temp (°C)

DO (mg/L) Salinity (psu)

Turb (ntu) NO3+NO2 (µM)

NH3 (µM)

PO4 (µM)

DIN:DIP

TWDB_SurfIn

Trinity River

San Jacinto River

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 PCO1 (33.7% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2 ( 2 1 . 4

% o

f t o

t a l v

a r i a t i o

n )

Transform: Log(X+1)

Normalise

Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Season

W SP SU F

Temp (°C)

DO (mg/L) Salinity (psu)

Turb (ntu)

NO3+NO2 (µM)

NH3 (µM)

PO4 (µM)

DIN:DIP

TWDB_SurfIn Trinity River

San Jacinto River

UGB

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 PCO1 (30.7% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2 ( 1 9 . 1

% o

f t o

t a l v

a r i a t i o

n )

Transform: Log(X+1)

Normalise

Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Season

W SP SU F

Temp (°C)

DO (mg/L)

Salinity (psu) Turb (ntu)

NO3+NO2 (µM)

NH3 (µM)

PO4 (µM)

DIN:DIP

TWDB_SurfIn Trinity River

San Jacinto River

BLUE CATFISH – Ictalurus furcatus

Lower Salinity Bioindicators:

Life History

• Typically can tolerate coastal

waters salinity ≤8

– Not found in salinities >8 for

long

– Can tolerate salinity up to 11-14

(Graham, K. 1999; Perry and Avault 1970)

11

Ictalurus furcatus

Blue Catfish

Results

BLUE CATFISH (1980-2010) Results

12

TB UGB LGB

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

PCO1 (32% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2

( 1

8 . 9

% o

f t o

t a l v

a r i

a t i

o n

)

Transform: Log(X+1)

Normalise

Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Blue catfish

70

280

490

700 Salinity (PPT)

NH3 (µM)

Trinity River

TWDB_SurfIn

a.) b.) c.)

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

PCO1 (36.6% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2

( 2

0 . 2

% o

f t o

t a l v

a r i

a t i

o n

)

Transform: Log(X+1)

Normalise

Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Salinity (psu)

Turb

NO3+NO2 (µM)

DIN:DIP

Trinity River

San Jacinto River

TWDB_SurfIn

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

PCO1 (31.3% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2

( 1

8 %

o f

t o t a

l v

a r i

a t i o n

)

Transform: Log(X+1)

Normalise

Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Salinity (psu)

PO4 (µM)

Trinity River

San Jacinto River

TWDB_SurfIn

• Higher abundance in Trinity Bay

• Positive correlation with freshwater inflow and nutrients

TPWD – Bay Trawl

GULF MENHADEN – Brevoortia patronus

Lower Salinity Bioindicators:

Life history • Postlarval and juveniles

– salinities 5-30

• Juveniles

– >50mm move to deeper, higher salinity estuary waters

• Adults

– Near shore: 5-15ppt

– Offshore: ≥30ppt

• Developing adults

– 20-25ppt (can tolerate 0-60ppt)

Brevoortia patronus

Gulf Menhaden

13

Results

GULF MENHADEN (1980-2010)

14

TB

Results

UGB LGB

• Higher abundance in TB and UGB

• Positive correlation with freshwater inflow, DO, nutrients

PINFISH – Lagodon rhomboides

Higher Salinity Bioindicators:

• Life History

– Spawning in the fall/winter

GOM

– Adults: ~110mm

• Coastal GOM water depth 30-50’

– Wide salinity tolerance (0-75)

15

Lagodon rhomboides

Pinfish

Results

TPWD – Bay Trawl

PINFISH (1980-2010)

16

TB

Results

LGB UGB

a.) b.)

c.)

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

PCO1 (36.6% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2 ( 2

0 . 2

% o

f t o

t a l v a r i a t i o n )

Transform: Log(X+1) Normalise Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Temp (°C)

DO (mg/L)

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

PCO1 (31.3% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2 ( 1

8 %

o f t o

t a l v a r i a t i o n )

Transform: Log(X+1) Normalise Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

5

20

35

50

Temp (°C)

DO (mg/L)

NH3 (µM)

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

PCO1 (32% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2 ( 1

8 . 9

% o

f t o

t a l v a r i a t i o n )

Transform: Log(X+1) Normalise Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Pinfish

5

20

35

50

Temp (°C)

DO (mg/L)

• Higher abundance in LGB

• Variance explained with temperature and dissolved oxygen

ATLANTIC RANGIA – Rangia cuneata

Lower Salinity Bioindicators:

Life History

• Spawning events may be triggered by changing salinity

• Larval survival: salinity 2-10

• Rarely found in regions with

salinity >15

17

Rangia cuneata

Atlantic Rangia

Results

TPWD – Bay Trawl

ATLANTIC RANGIA (1980-2010)

18

TB

Results

UGB LGB

• Higher abundance in TB

• Positive correlation with salinity and DO

OYSTER DRILL – Stramonita haemastoma floridana

Higher Salinity Bioindicators:

• Oyster drill is a parasite on the oysters

• Limited to salinities >15

(Stickle, 1985)

19

Results

TPWD – Oyster Dredge

Oyster Drill

Stramonita haemastoma

Oyster Drill

Oyster Drill 1980-2010

20

Results

TB UGB LGB

Not present

a.) b.) c.)

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 PCO1 (32% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2 ( 1 8 . 9

% o

f t o

t a l v

a r i a t i o

n )

Transform: Log(X+1)

Normalise

Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Stramonita

haemastoma floridana 3

12

21

30

DO (mg/L)

San Jacinto

River

Present but no significant correlations

• Higher abundance in LGB

• Variance explained by San Jacinto River and DO

Dermo – Perkinus marinus 1998-2010

Higher Salinity Bioindicators:

• Dermo (parasite)

– Dermocystidium marinum

syn. Perkinus marinus

– Warmer months

– Sammy Ray’s rule of thumb : “30 and 30” (Sal: 30 and

Temp: 30˚C)

– Typically not in juvenile oysters

21 Ogle, Ray and Wardle, 1977

http://www.vims.edu/_docs/oysters/oyster-diseases-CB.pdf

http://library.enaca.org/Health/FieldGuide/

Results

22

7-15 Oysters tested

at each sampling event

Dermo – Perkinus marinus 1998-2010

Results

7

6

2

3 4 5

1

Percent Infected

Commercial Size (>3”)

23

Dermo – Perkinus marinus 1998-2010

Results

• Strong positive correlation with salinity and

percent of commercial size oysters infected with

Dermo

Rangia cuneata

Atlantic Rangia

Vallisneria sp.

Wild Celery Ictalurus furcatus

Blue Catfish

Brevoortia patronus

Gulf Menhaden

Lower Salinity Bioindicators:

24

*

Higher Salinity Bioindicators:

Lagodon rhomboides

Pinfish

Squilla empusa

Mantis Shrimp

Stramonita haemastoma

Oyster Drill Perkinus marinus

Oyster Dermo

?

x

Results

?

Potential Low Salinity Bioindicators:

TPWD

Micropogonias undulatus

Atlantic croaker

TPWD

Paralichthys lethostigma

Southern Flounder Cynoscion nebulosus

Spotted Seatrout

TPWD

Questions??

Extra Slides

26

OVERVIEW

• Background

– Freshwater Bioindicators

• Meta-analysis

– Data sources

– ArcGIS mapping

– Statistical methods

• Results

• Future Directions

Outline

27

http://landsat.usgs.gov/gallery.php

ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS FRAMEWORK

80th Texas Legislature (2007) established the Senate

Bill 3 (2007) intended to answer 3 major questions:

1. How much water is needed to sustain a sound ecological environment in the state's rivers and estuaries?

2. How can this water be protected?

3. What is the appropriate balance between water needed to sustain a sound ecological environment and water needed for human or other uses?

Final word

28

BIOINDICATORS OF FRESHWATER INFLOW Background

29

SAMPLE LOCATIONS

1980-2010

Data & Methods

30

Averaged across stations within each sub-bay for each season within

each year

= 124 data points per sub-bay

TB UGB LGB

Winter (W) 892 829 595

Spring (SP) 1295 1081 841

Sumer (SU) 1212 998 683

Fall (F) 1224 1148 741

N = 4623 4055 2859

SAMPLE LOCATIONS Data & Methods

31

Averaged stations in each sub-bay for each season within each year

= 124 data points per sub-bay

1980-2010

W SP SU F

TB x UGB 0.0049 0.0211 0.0001 0.0231

TB x LGB 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.2591

UGB x LGB 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0095

PERMANOVA results for a sub-bay comparison across

seasons based on all environmental parameters p (perm)

calculated from 9999 permutations

Historical Trinity River Flow Rate Future Direction

32

*

1969 – Lake Livingston Dam built

R² = 0.0013

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

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14

Trinity River Discharge (ft3s1) USGS Romayor TX 08066500

Historical Trinity River Flow Rate Future Direction

33

*

1969 – Lake Livingston Dam built

R² = 0.0054

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Annual Trinity River Discharge (ft3s1) USGS Romayor TX 08066500

PERMANOVA - Results Future Direction

34

Groups p (perm) Unique perms

W x SP 0.0001 9938

W x SU 0.0001 9947

W x F 0.0001 9930

SP x SU 0.0001 9945

SP x F 0.0001 9937

SU x F 0.0001 9934

UGB Between Season Test

Groups p (perm) Unique perms

W x SP 0.0001 9942

W x SU 0.0001 9944

W x F 0.0001 9938

SP x SU 0.0001 9946

SP x F 0.0002 9926

SU x F 0.0009 9930

LGB Between Season Test

TB Between Season Test

Groups p (perm) Unique perms

W x SP 0.0001 9946

W x SU 0.0001 9940

W x F 0.0001 9939

SP x SU 0.0001 9929

SP x F 0.0001 9957

SU x F 0.0001 9946

0.5m wide x 0.24m high x

1m long

Bay Trawl

FWBI Distribution in Galveston Bay Data & Methods

35

Bag Seine Oyster Dredge

1980-2010

• Relative percent abundance – TPWD gear types

Field images: http://tpwd.texas.gov/

- 6m wide; mesh 38mm

- 3mph for 10 min

- 18.3m long x 1.8m deep

- mesh 13mm

- Walk 50’

Wild Celery – Vallisneria americana

Lower Salinity Bioindicators:

Life history

• Germination and establishment

(spring)

requires salinity <5

• Adults can tolerate salinities <15

• Surveying has been conducted in

Galveston Bay since 2011

Results

36

Vallisneria americana

Wild Celery

Wild Celery – Vallisneria americana

Lower Salinity Bioindicators:

• Recently observed in Trinity River

Delta!!

Results

37

Vallisneria sp.

Wild Celery

Photo credit: Scott Alford

Blue Catfish

Distribution 1980-2010

38

TPWD – Bag Seine TPWD – Bay Trawl

Results

Blue Catfish

39

Results

Variable SS(trace) Pseudo-F P Prop.

Salinity (PPT) 9017.7 33.234 0.0001 0.21409

PO4 (µM) 1392.4 4.1709 0.0389 3.31E-02

TR_disch (cfs) 5723.8 19.185 0.0001 0.13589

SJR_disch (cfs) 3264.1 10.248 0.0009 7.75E-02

Variable SS(trace) Pseudo-F P Prop.

Salinity (PPT) 5355.8 27.161 0.0001 0.18209

NO3+NO2 (µM) 2267.4 10.191 0.0021 7.71E-02

TR_discharge 4502.9 22.054 0.0001 0.1531

SJR_discharge 2885.5 13.271 0.0002 9.81E-02

DistLM Results (9999 permutations)

Variable SS(trace) Pseudo-F P Prop.

Salinity 63329 72.641 0.0001 3.73E-01

Turb (nfu) 5248.9 3.8942 0.0369 3.09E-02

NO3+NO2 (µM) 30717 26.966 0.0001 1.81E-01

N:P 4667.4 3.4506 0.0481 2.75E-02

TR_disch (cfs) 41573 39.589 0.0001 2.45E-01

SJR_disch (cfs) 22703 1.88E+01 0.0001 1.34E-01

TB

UGB

LGB

DistLM Marginal Test Results

Blue Catfish Results

40

1980-2010

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Riv

er D

isch

arg

e (c

fs)

Ab

un

dan

ce

Year

Trinity Bay - Blue Catfish Winter

Spring

Summer

Fall

River discharge

Gulf Menhaden 1980-2010

41

TPWD – Bag Seine TPWD – Bay Trawl

Results

Gulf Menhaden 1980-2010

42

DistLM Marginal Test Results

Results

Variable SS(trace) Pseudo-F P Prop.

DO (mg/L) 4035.4 6.2193 0.0061 4.85E-02

NO3+NO2 (µM)2318.8 3.4979 0.0361 2.79E-02

PO4 (µM) 6470.5 10.289 0.0004 7.78E-02

N:P 5391.9 8.4549 0.0015 6.48E-02

Variable SS(trace) Pseudo-F P Prop.

DO (mg/L) 4035.4 6.2193 0.0061 4.85E-02

NO3+NO2 (µM)2318.8 3.4979 0.0361 2.79E-02

PO4 (µM) 6470.5 10.289 0.0004 7.78E-02

N:P 5391.9 8.4549 0.0015 6.48E-02

Variable SS(trace) Pseudo-F P Prop.

Temp (°C) 9119.3 13.482 0.0001 9.95E-02

DO (mg/L) 2796.6 3.8401 0.0305 3.05E-02

Salinity (PPT) 7501.1 10.876 0.0003 8.19E-02

NO3+NO2 (µM)4262.8 5.9517 0.0057 4.65E-02

PO4 (µM) 16733 27.252 0.0001 0.18259

N:P 10647 16.037 0.0001 0.11618

TR_discharge 5665.2 8.0389 0.0018 6.18E-02

SJR_discharge5256.1 7.4229 0.002 5.74E-02

Bay Trawl Bag Seine

Variable SS(trace)Pseudo-F P Prop.

Temp (°C) 13829 7.9035 0.0006 6.08E-02

DO (mg/L) 15430 8.885 0.0004 6.79E-02

Salinity (PPT)11142 6.2887 0.0031 4.90E-02

NH3 (µM) 13888 7.9393 0.0009 6.11E-02

Variable SS(trace)Pseudo-F P Prop.

Temp (°C) 5052.9 3.4488 0.0374 2.75E-02

DO (mg/L) 6759.3 4.6579 0.0153 3.68E-02

Variable SS(trace)Pseudo-F P Prop.

DO (mg/L) 7062 4.2814 0.019 3.39E-02

Salinity (PPT)11280 6.985 0.0025 5.42E-02

NO3+NO2 (µM)4648.5 2.7848 0.0631 2.23E-02

Pinfish 1980-2010

43

TPWD – Bag Seine TPWD – Bay Trawl

Results

Pinfish 1980-2010

44

TPWD – Bay Trawl

Results

Variable SS(trace) Pseudo-F P Prop.

DO (mg/L) 3476.2 9.6295 0.0016 7.32E-02

Variable SS(trace) Pseudo-F P Prop.

Temp (°C) 1568 5.0336 0.0252 3.96E-02

DO (mg/L) 1464 4.6869 0.0307 3.70E-02

Salinity (PPT) 1250.1 3.9799 0.0443 3.16E-02

Variable SS(trace) Pseudo-F P Prop.

Temp (°C) 1801.7 2.6534 0.0948 2.13E-02

DO (mg/L) 4382.5 6.662 0.0068 5.18E-02

Atlantic Rangia – Rangia cuneata

45

Results

TPWD – Oyster Dredge TPWD – Bay Trawl

Oysters Life history:

– Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) can tolerate salinity:10-28

– Larvae need salinity >6 to settle

– Adults can tolerate salinity ≤35

Commercial size : ≥ 3”

Juveniles: < 3”

46

Results

Cannot be used as a bioindicator

themselves but! the parasites and

diseases on them are a viable option

http://galvbay.org/

Oyster Drill 1980-2010

47

TPWD – Bay Trawl TPWD – Oyster Dredge

Results

Oyster Drill 1980-2010

48

Results

TB UGB LGB

Oyster Drill 1980-2010

49

Results

Variable SS(trace) Pseudo-F P Prop.

DO (mg/L) 3804.7 7.411 0.0051 5.73E-02

Turb 2671.6 5.1115 0.0237 4.02E-02

SJR_discharge2261.2 4.2986 0.0359 3.40E-02

TPWD – Oyster Dredge

Marine Phytoplankton

Phytoplankton Preferred Increased

Group Conditions Abundance

Cyanobacteria ↑ Temp Summer

Dinoflagellates ↑ Temp ↑ Salinity Spring/Fall

Diatoms ↑ ↓ Temp ↑ ↓ Salinity Spring/Fall

Chlorophytes ↓ Temp

Cyanobacteria = ↑ at mouth of Trinity and San Jacinto Rvs

Diatoms/Dinoflagellates = ↑ southern sections of GB

Chlorophytes = Fairly consistent across GB and seasons

Background

50

Marine Phytoplankton

Background

51

Karenia brevis

Diatoms

Cyanobacteria

Green Algae

Dinoflagellates

Marine Phytoplankton

Future Direction

52

Diatoms

Dominant across TB/UGB/LGB

High concentration

Dinoflagellates

Across GB

Chlorophytes

Fairly consistent across GB

Relatively low concentrations

Cryptophytes

Higher salinity

Cyanobacteria

Higher Salinity

53

Phytoplankton pigments 2008-2013

Results

Atlantic croaker - Micropogonias undulatus

Life History

-Prefer estuaries and bays through the spring and summer

- travel offshore in the fall to breed and spawn (>30psu)

- Can tolerate wide range of salinities

- Prefer moderate salinities (2-20psu)

https://tpwd.texas.gov/huntwild/wild/species/croaker/; Sink, T. 2011

Results

54

TPWD

55

Other Potential Freshwater Bioindicators

Results

Atlantic Croaker a.) b.) c.)

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 PCO1 (36.6% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C O

2 ( 2 0 . 2

% o f t o

t a l v

a r i a

t i o n )

Transform: Log(X+1) Normalise Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Temp (°C)

DO (mg/L)

Salinity (psu)

Turb

NO3+NO2 (µM)

PO4 (µM)

DIN:DIP

Trinity River

San Jacinto River

TWDB_SurfIn

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

PCO1 (31.3% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2 (

1 8 %

o f t o

t a l v a r i a t i o n )

Transform: Log(X+1) Normalise Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Temp (°C)

DO (mg/L) Salinity (psu)

Turb

NO3+NO2 (µM)

PO4 (µM)

DIN:DIP

Trinity River

San Jacinto River

TWDB_SurfIn

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

PCO1 (32% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2 (

1 8 . 9

% o

f t o

t a l v a r i a t i o n )

Transform: Log(X+1) Normalise Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Atlantic croaker

200

800

1.4E3

2E3

Temp (°C)

DO (mg/L)

Salinity (psu)

Trinity River

San Jacinto River

Southern Flounder - Paralichthys lethostigma

Life History

- Leave the bay to spawn in Gulf

- Inhabit waters with salinities of 0-30 psu

- As they grow then move further inland

some even into coastal rivers

Results

56

TPWD

57

Other Potential Freshwater Bioindicators

Results

Southern Flounder

a.) b.) c.)

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

PCO1 (36.6% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2

( 2

0 . 2

% o

f t o

t a l v

a r i

a t i

o n

)

Transform: Log(X+1)

Normalise

Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Temp (°C)

DO (mg/L)

Salinity (psu)

NO3+NO2 (µM)

Trinity River

TWDB_SurfIn

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

PCO1 (31.3% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2

( 1

8 %

o f

t o t a

l v

a r i

a t i

o n

)

Transform: Log(X+1)

Normalise

Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Salinity (psu)

Trinity River

TWDB_SurfIn

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

PCO1 (32% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2

( 1

8 . 9

% o

f t o

t a l

v a r i

a t i

o n

)

Transform: Log(X+1)

Normalise

Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Southern flounder

2

8

14

20

Salinity (psu) Trinity River

San Jacinto River TWDB_SurfIn

Spotted Seatrout - Cynoscion nebulosus Results

58

Life History

-Most common in the shallow bays during spring and summer

-As temperatures decline during fall move into deeper bay waters and the Gulf of Mexico

- Tolerate a wide range of salinities

- Spawn in salinities of 17-35 psu

TPWD; www.lsu.edu/seagrantfish/biological/drum/spottedseatrout.htm;

TPWD

59

Results

Spotted Seatrout

a.) b.) c.)

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 PCO1 (36.6% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2 (

2 0 . 2

% o

f t o

t a l v a r i a t i o n )

Transform: Log(X+1) Normalise Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Temp (°C)

NO3+NO2 (µM)

PO4 (µM)

DIN:DIP

San Jacinto River

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 PCO1 (31.3% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2 (

1 8 %

o f t o

t a l v a r i a t i o n )

Transform: Log(X+1) Normalise Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Temp (°C)

DO (mg/L) NO3+NO2 (µM)

PO4 (µM)

Trinity River

San Jacinto River

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 PCO1 (32% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2 (

1 8 . 9

% o

f t o

t a l v a r i a t i o n )

Transform: Log(X+1) Normalise Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Spotted seatrout

1

4

7

10

Temp (°C)

DO (mg/L)

Trinity River

San Jacinto River TWDB_SurfIn

Spotted Seatrout - Cynoscion nebulosus