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Colombo International Container Terminal Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and Findings from Model Analysis Ryuichi Shibasaki, Dr. Eng. Head of International Cooperation Division, National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

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Page 1: Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and … International Container Terminal Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and Findings from Model Analysis Ryuichi Shibasaki, Dr

Colombo International Container Terminal

Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and Findings from Model Analysis

Ryuichi Shibasaki, Dr. Eng.Head of International Cooperation Division,

National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

Page 2: Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and … International Container Terminal Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and Findings from Model Analysis Ryuichi Shibasaki, Dr

1. MODEL

Page 3: Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and … International Container Terminal Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and Findings from Model Analysis Ryuichi Shibasaki, Dr

Colombo 

Cochin

Chennai

Visakhapatnam

Haldia Chittagong

JNPT

HaziraPipavav

Mundra 

Port Bin Qasim

Mumbai

Kolkata

Karachi

Mormugao

New Mangalore

KandlaMongla

Krishnapatnam(Kattupalli)

Tuticorin

Page 4: Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and … International Container Terminal Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and Findings from Model Analysis Ryuichi Shibasaki, Dr

Model Accuracy (1) Maritime Shipping Submodel

R² = 0.7819

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Model estimated

Actual

Lianyunggang (China)

Colombo

Pireus (Greece)

Singapore

Qingdao (China)

Rotterdam(Netherland)

N = 34

Dubai (UAE)

Valencia (Spain)

Ambarli (Turkey)

Shenzhen(two terminals)

Colon/Manzanillo(Panama)

Marsaxlokk(Malta)

R² = 0.9067

0

5

10

15

20

0 5 10 15 20

Model estimated

Actual

Tanjung Pelepas (Malaysia)

Hong Kong

Colombo

Singapore

Port klang (Malaysia)

N = 34

Busan

million TEU

million TEU

Colon/Manzanillo(Panama)

Marsaxlokk (Malta)Dubai (UAE)

Algeciras(Spain)

Transhipped containers* at major hub ports (2013)

(b) Transhipment throughput (a) Transhipment rate 

*excluding empty containers

Page 5: Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and … International Container Terminal Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and Findings from Model Analysis Ryuichi Shibasaki, Dr

R² = 0.8325

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

R² = 0.9044

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

Model Accuracy (2) Intermodal Network Model

Export/Import containers* at South Asian ports (2013)

ImportExport

JNPT

Mundra

Chennai

Chittagong

Pipavav

Kolkata

Vizag

HaldiaColombo

Tuticorin

Cochin

Model estimated

Actual

million TEU

million TEU

KarachiBin Qasim

Model estimated

Actual

million TEU

million TEU

JNPT

MundraChennai

Chittagong

Pipavav

Kolkata

Vizag

Colombo

Tuticorin

Hazira

Karachi

Bin Qasim

Mongla

Cochin

*excluding empty containers

Page 6: Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and … International Container Terminal Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and Findings from Model Analysis Ryuichi Shibasaki, Dr

Estimated Land Container Flow(2013)

(TEU)

Page 7: Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and … International Container Terminal Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and Findings from Model Analysis Ryuichi Shibasaki, Dr
Page 8: Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and … International Container Terminal Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and Findings from Model Analysis Ryuichi Shibasaki, Dr

Container flow (TEU, 2013)

Page 9: Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and … International Container Terminal Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and Findings from Model Analysis Ryuichi Shibasaki, Dr

10

Non‐Container

Container

International Shipping Network Capacity, size, and efficiency of ports Accessibility of mainline ships

Inland Logistics Network Road, rail, and inland waterway development in each country

Assuming future transport network in the Region

Scenario on “transport network” affects selection of port.

Selection of port simply depends on locations of production and consumption.

2. FUTURE SCENARIO

Page 10: Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and … International Container Terminal Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and Findings from Model Analysis Ryuichi Shibasaki, Dr

1. Economic Scenarios

1‐1. 2030 Normal Case (2030OD) x1.85 of 2013OD (in world total)  

1‐2. 2030 High Case (2030HighOD)       x2.26

1‐3. 2030 Low Case (2030LowOD)         x1.53

2. Maritime Shipping Network Scenarios

2‐1. “Vessel enlargement as needed” Scenario

2‐2. “Vessel enlargement until 20,000 TEU” Scenario

2‐3. “Increasing service frequency as needed” Scenario

(based on 1‐1. 2030OD)

*Port infrastructure as well as hinterland infrastructure is assumed to be sufficiently improved in all ports (“with case”) 

Page 11: Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and … International Container Terminal Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and Findings from Model Analysis Ryuichi Shibasaki, Dr

3. Port Investment Scenarios

3‐1.  “Without investment in individual port ” Scenario

3‐1‐a. JNPT, ….

3‐0. “With Scenario” 

(all port‐related projects in South Asia will be assumingly completed until 2030)  

3‐3. “New construction of hub port in South India” Scenario

3‐2. “Additional increasing in level of service in Colombo Port” Scenario 

3‐2‐a. transshipment handling time to be half 

3‐2‐b. transshipment handling time to be 1/4 

Page 12: Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and … International Container Terminal Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and Findings from Model Analysis Ryuichi Shibasaki, Dr

4. Hinterland Investment Scenarios

“Without Scenario” for each project

4‐1. DFC Scenario

4‐2.  “Ferry & Rail Connection between South India and Sri Lanka” Scenario

4‐3.  “Multimodal hinterland network in Bangladesh” Scenario

4‐4.  “CAREC Gateway in Pakistani Ports” Scenario

4‐5.  “Chennai‐Bangalore Industrial Corridor” Scenario

4‐0. “With Scenario” (all following projects will be assumingly completed until 2030)  

Page 13: Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and … International Container Terminal Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and Findings from Model Analysis Ryuichi Shibasaki, Dr

14

4‐1. DFC Scenario

Capacity expansion by introducing double‐stacked train(from 90 TEU/train to 360 TEU/train)

Speed up Increasing frequency Reducing handling time at station Reducing operation cost

Page 14: Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and … International Container Terminal Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and Findings from Model Analysis Ryuichi Shibasaki, Dr

15

• Connection of Palk Strait1. Re‐opening for ferry bet. Tuticorin 

and Colombo

2. Adam’s Bridge (New rail service) 

3. National Border bet. India/Sri Lanka‐ decreasing border crossing time and cost by half

4‐2.  “Ferry & Rail Connection between South India and Sri Lanka” Scenario

Page 15: Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and … International Container Terminal Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and Findings from Model Analysis Ryuichi Shibasaki, Dr

16

4‐3.  “Multimodal hinterland network in Bangladesh” Scenario

Assam

Between Dhaka and Chittagong

Mongla

• Road: increasing truck speed• Rail: increasing frequency and speed• Inland waterway: increasing frequency 

Around Mongla Port• Road: capacity expansion• Rail: new construction to Mongla Port

Connection with Northeast India• Rail: new construction and improvement

Page 16: Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and … International Container Terminal Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and Findings from Model Analysis Ryuichi Shibasaki, Dr

17

– Following two category of cargos are assumed to be handled at various ports in Pakistan. 

• 1) Cargos arriving at and/or departing from Pakistan• 2)  Cargos passing through Pakistan, to arrive/depart from Afghanistan, Central Asia, and inland China. 

– Improvement in seaport (Karachi, Bin Qasim) access (railway and road)• 1) Improvement of land transport infrastructure required to access ports in of Pakistan

• 2) Development of roads and railways in Pakistan 

Planned route for a new access railwayto Bin Qasim (reference)

Balochistan roads project (reference)

– Development of Gwadar Port and its access will proceed.

4‐4.  “CAREC Gateway in Pakistani Ports” Scenario

Page 17: Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and … International Container Terminal Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and Findings from Model Analysis Ryuichi Shibasaki, Dr

Scenario 1. 2030OD 2. Maritime Shipping Network all over the world

3. Port projects in South Asia

4. Hinterland Shipping Network in South Asia

Base  1‐1 (Normal)

2‐1 “Vessel enlargement as needed” Scenario

3‐0 “With Scenario” (all related projects are assumingly completed)

4‐0 “With Scenario” (all related projects are assumingly completed) 

High OD 1‐2 (High) 2‐1 3‐0 4‐0

Low OD 1‐3 (Low) 2‐1 3‐0 4‐0

SCENARIO SETTING [1]:  Shipping Demand Change

Page 18: Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and … International Container Terminal Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and Findings from Model Analysis Ryuichi Shibasaki, Dr

State Growth rate (export/import containers)1‐1 Base 1‐2 High 1‐3 Low

India 2.69 3.59 2.01Andhra Pradesh 2.48 3.23 1.90Arunachal Pradesh 3.16 4.40 2.26Assam 3.16 4.40 2.26Bihar 3.70 5.38 2.53Goa 3.16 4.40 2.26Gujarat 3.51 5.03 2.43Haryana 2.92 3.97 2.13Himachal Pradesh 2.69 3.59 2.01Jammu & Kashmir 2.42 3.13 1.86Jharkhand 2.77 3.71 2.05Karnataka 2.29 2.92 1.79Kerala 2.92 3.97 2.13Madhya Pradesh 3.16 4.40 2.26Chhattisgarh 4.33 6.56 2.83Maharashtra 2.69 3.59 2.01Manipur 2.92 3.97 2.13Meghalaya 3.16 4.40 2.26Mizoram 4.33 6.56 2.83Nagaland 2.62 3.46 1.97Orissa 2.69 3.59 2.01Punjab 2.42 3.13 1.86Rajasthan 2.69 3.59 2.01Sikkim 3.16 4.40 2.26Tamil Nadu 2.62 3.46 1.97Tripura 3.90 5.75 2.62Uttar Pradesh 2.62 3.46 1.97Uttaranchal 3.00 4.11 2.17West Bengal 2.84 3.84 2.09Andaman and Nicobar 2.92 3.97 2.13Chandigarh 4.33 6.56 2.83Delhi 4.33 6.56 2.83Pondicherry 2.84 3.84 2.09

Country Growth rate (export/import containers)1‐1 Base 1‐2 High 1‐3 Low

Bangladesh 2.68 3.56 2.00India 2.69 3.59 2.01Pakistan 2.17 2.72 1.73Sri Lanka 2.69 3.59 2.01

Japan 1.18 1.25 1.13China (including Hong Kong) 2.24 2.84 1.76Korea 1.40 1.55 1.27ASEAN 2.22 2.86 1.74Oceania 1.51 1.71 1.34North America 1.36 1.49 1.24Europe 1.30 1.41 1.20Middle East 1.78 2.13 1.50Africa 2.09 2.62 1.67Others 2.03 2.58 1.62

South Asia Ave. 2.63 3.49 1.98World Ave. 1.85 2.26 1.53

Assumed growth rate of container shipping demand in 2030 (from 2013)

Source: JICA team(GDP growth rate)

Page 19: Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and … International Container Terminal Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and Findings from Model Analysis Ryuichi Shibasaki, Dr

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.5

Export

2013 Actual 2013 Model Estimated2030 Low OD 2030 Base2030 High OD

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.5

Import

2013 Actual 2013 Model Estimated2030 Low OD 2030 Base2030 High OD

(mil. TEU)

(mil. TEU)

Estimated Amount of Containers in 2030

*excluding empty containers

Page 20: Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and … International Container Terminal Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and Findings from Model Analysis Ryuichi Shibasaki, Dr

0.01.02.03.04.05.06.07.0

Transshipment

2013 Actual2013 Model Estimated2030 Low OD2030 Base2030 High OD

(mil. TEU)

Estimated Amount of Containers in 2030 [2]

*excluding empty containers

Page 21: Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and … International Container Terminal Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and Findings from Model Analysis Ryuichi Shibasaki, Dr

Estimated growth rate of containers handled in each port

2030Low OD

2030Base

2030High OD

2030Low OD

2030Base

2030High OD

Chittagong 1.87 2.28 3.44 2.01 2.76 3.20Mongla 3.18 5.63 5.01 2.82 3.29 7.44Kolkata 1.68 1.76 2.56 1.57 2.98 3.60Haldia 1.95 2.74 3.91 1.81 3.47 4.24Visakhapatnam 1.63 1.46 2.62 1.72 0.86 3.55Krishnapatnam 1.52 1.70 2.57 1.41 1.96 2.13Chennai 2.31 3.35 4.10 2.18 3.36 4.47Tuticorin 1.01 1.46 2.68 1.22 2.01 1.65Cochin 1.95 2.52 3.04 2.27 2.99 4.21New Manglore 2.72 2.97 4.57 2.31 3.54 5.01Mormugao 0.86 1.44 2.38 1.19 1.92 2.82JNPT 2.56 3.59 4.99 2.02 2.69 4.10Hazira 1.34 3.99 4.62 1.81 2.80 3.03Pipavav 4.34 5.32 8.63 7.81 9.74 12.13Kandla 1.19 0.36 0.84 1.00 4.12 3.45Mundra 1.45 2.31 2.28 1.34 1.92 2.23Colombo 2.29 2.93 3.72 2.12 2.82 3.85Total (Average) 2.05 2.77 3.74 2.11 2.90 3.96Colombo(transshipment)

1.76 2.26 2.95

ImportExportport

Page 22: Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and … International Container Terminal Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and Findings from Model Analysis Ryuichi Shibasaki, Dr

Estimated Land Container Flow(2030, Base Case)

(TEU)

Page 23: Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and … International Container Terminal Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and Findings from Model Analysis Ryuichi Shibasaki, Dr

Scenario 1. 2030OD

2. Maritime Shipping Network all over the world

3. Port projects in South Asia

4. Hinterland Shipping Network in South Asia

Base  1‐1 (Normal)

2‐1 “Vessel enlargement as needed” Scenario(i.e. each vessel will enlarge by 1.85 times as the current size)

3‐0 “With all port related projects“ Scenario (all related projects are assumingly completed)

4‐0 “With Scenario” (all related projects are assumingly completed) 

Chittagong deeper berth

1‐1 2‐1 3‐1‐a “Without any deeper berths in Chittagong port projects” Scenario* 

4‐0

Mongla deeper berth

1‐1 2‐1 3‐1‐b “Without any deeper berths in Mongla port projects” Scenario 

4‐0

Kolkata/Haldia deeper berth

1‐1 2‐1 3‐1‐c “Without any deeper berths both in Kolkata/Haldia port projects” Scenario 

4‐0

….

SCENARIO SETTING [2]: Deeper Berths Construction

*any vessels larger than the maximum size that vessels can call at are assumed to skip the port in question 

Page 24: Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and … International Container Terminal Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and Findings from Model Analysis Ryuichi Shibasaki, Dr

PortMax draft incontainer berths

Current maximum vessel size estimated from the draft (TEU)

Maximum vesselsize which actually  calls at (June 2013)

No. of liner service (June 2013)

No. of liner service assumed in the “without case” in 2030*

Chittagong 9.2 1700 1718 15 1

Mongla 8.5 1100 1088 1 0

Kolkata 8.4 1000 1067 11 0

Haldia 8.4 1000 1125 5 0

Visakhapatnam 14.5 6500 4365 7 6

Khrishnapatnam 13 4500 2740 2 1

Chennai 13.4 4900 4365 18 13

Tuticorin 10.8 2400 1869 6 3

Cochin 12.5 3900 4270 10 8

JNPT 14 5700 7865 32 7

Hazira NA 4100 4113 4 1

Pipavav 14 5700 6349 10 2

Mundra 14.3 6200 7865 27 14

Colombo 16.2 9400 8830 49 38

Current Status and Settings in each port

*each vessel is assumed to enlarge by 1.85 times as the current size

Page 25: Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and … International Container Terminal Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and Findings from Model Analysis Ryuichi Shibasaki, Dr

0

1

2

3

4

5

6 without any deeper berths(in each port) (S3‐1)with all port related projects(Base Scenario)

Estimated Amount of Containers in 2030

(mil. TEU)

Page 26: Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and … International Container Terminal Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and Findings from Model Analysis Ryuichi Shibasaki, Dr

Scenario 1. 2030OD

2. Maritime Shipping Network all over the world

3. Port projects in South Asia 4. Hinterland Shipping Network in South Asia

Base  1‐1 (Normal)

2‐1 “Vessel enlargement as needed” Scenario

3‐0 “With all port related projects“ Scenario (all related projects are assumingly completed)

4‐0 “With Scenario” (all related projects are assumingly completed) 

Colombo improvement

1‐1 2‐1 3‐2‐a “Additional increasing in level of service in Colombo Port” Scenario (Transshipment handling time to be half) 

4‐0

1‐1 2‐1 3‐2‐b “Additional increasing in level of service in Colombo Port” Scenario (Transshipment handling time to be 1/4) 

4‐0

New hub in South India

1‐1 2‐1 3‐3 “New construction of hub port in South India” Scenario 

4‐0

SCENARIO SETTING [3]: Hub Port(s) in South Asia

Page 27: Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and … International Container Terminal Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and Findings from Model Analysis Ryuichi Shibasaki, Dr

‐1.0

‐0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Colombo Southeast Asia Hub* Middle East Hub**

handling time to be 1/2 (or equivalentcharge reduction) in Colombo Porthandling time to be 1/4 (or equivalentcharge reduction) in Colombo Port

3‐2. Improvement of level of service in Colombo

Changes of transshipped containers handled in Colombo and     neighbor major hub ports by reducing handling time in Colombo Port 

*Singapore, Tanjung Pelepas, Klang

**Dubai, Khor Fakkan, Salalah

20.3%

30.2%

‐1.1% ‐1.5% ‐2.0% ‐3.0%

Increased transshipped containers (in 2030, mil. TEU)

Page 28: Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and … International Container Terminal Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and Findings from Model Analysis Ryuichi Shibasaki, Dr

SAMMARY

Intermodal international container shipping model

including both worldwide maritime network and South Asian hinterland network amount of export, import and transshipped containers estimated by port agree 

with those actually recorded in 2013

Future forecast using the developed model by several scenarios

container shipping demand in 2030 (normal, high, and low) deeper berths construction in each South Asian port improvement of level of service in hub port (Colombo) and new construction in 

South India improvement of hinterland transport network including rail, inland water and 

road (e.g. DFC, ferry and rail service between India and Sri Lanka, Bangladesh hinterland network, Pakistani rail network)

capacity expansion of maritime shipping network (vessel enlargement or increasing frequency) 

Page 29: Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and … International Container Terminal Freight Transport Scenarios of South Asia and Findings from Model Analysis Ryuichi Shibasaki, Dr

Karachi Port Trust

Thank you for your kind attention!