Freezing an in Vivo Cancer: Is it possible?

! Introduction

! History

! Methodology

! Case studies

! Conclusion

! What technique is used to freeze cancer and how?

! Cryotherapy

Development of Cryoablation:

• 2500 BC, Egyptians • 1840’s, Dr. James Arnott • 1938, Dr.Fay • 1980, Technological developments

!  Probes (2-8mm diameter) are inserted through the skin

!  Multiple probes needed for tumors >3 cm

!  Gas is passed through the probes in which ice balls forms surrounding the tumor

1.  Liquid Nitrogen 2.  Argon gas

• Whole procedure is monitored by

ultrasound, CT, MRI

!  Temperatures as low as -40˚C to -100˚C

!  Damages tumor cells, killing them 1.  Cell damage

2.  Vascular damage

3.  Apoptosis

Case 1 Case 2

!  Occurred in 2010 in Detroit, New York, US.

!  The reason.

!  The result..

Dr. Peter J.Littrup,

!  2008 in Washington, D.C.

!  The goal..

Dr. Christos Georgiades,

!  The result

! What are Cryoablation’s advantages and its slight disadvantages?

1.  Less invasive.

2.  No general Anesthesia required.

3.  Does not cause organ deformation within the body.

!  Hinshaw, J. L., & Lee Jr, F. T. (2007). Cryoablation for liver cancer. Techniques in vascular and interventional radiology, 10(1), 47-57.

!  Mala, T. (2006). Cryoablation of liver tumours-a review of mechanisms, techniques and clinical outcome. Minimally Invasive Therapy & Allied Technologies, 15(1), 9-17.

!  Schwartz, B. F., Rewcastle, J. C., Powell, T., Whelan, C., Manny Jr, T., & Vestal, J. C. (2006). Cryoablation of small peripheral renal masses: a retrospective analysis. Urology, 68(1 Suppl), 14.