Framing the Course: Forces and Features of Globalization

Why important?What is the “Big Picture”?

How will we look at it?

Overview/Sources Part 1: “Our” WorldPart 2: “Globalization”

• Thomas Friedman, The World is Flat: A brief history of the 21st Century

• 2003 and 2006 UN Human Development Report• National Science Foundation• CIA World Factbook• GeoHive- Global Statistics (Geohive.com)• World Statistics-Infoplease (Infoplease.com)• Organization for Economic Co-operation and

Development Education Database

Part 1: “Our” World-Population Demographic

• U.S. Population: 307 million (12.4 in PA)• World Population (6.79 billion)

– Asia (3.7 billion)– Africa (841 million)– Europe (728 million)– North America (491 million)– South America (355 million)– Oceanic, including Australia (31 million)

What can we conclude about “our” world from looking at

population?

We (Western Society/America) are the minority.

Demographic-Income/Life Quality

• 40% of world owns only one piece of clothing

• 60% of world lives in one room dwelling• World Poverty (World Bank established $1-

2 a day as measure)– 2003 Poverty # (measured in billions)

• 2.8 billion living under $2 a day• 1.2 billion of those live under $1 a day

Comparative Statistics*these stats are about 5 years old so do not factor in current economic situation

rather show general comparative trends in a “typical” year

Country Population IM (per 1000) LE literacy (%) GDP (PC in $) Poverty(%) Unemp. (%)United States 301 million 6.3 78 99 44,000 12 4.8France 63.7 million 3.4 80.59 99 31,100 6.2 6.2China 1.32 billion 22.12 72.88 90 7,700 10 4.2(Urban)India 1.12 billion 34.61 68.5 61 3,800 25 7.8Mexico 108 million 19.63 75.63 40 10,700 40 3 (25 under)Somalia 9.1 million 113 48.84 37 600 NA NAKenya 36.9 million 57.44 55.31 85 1200 50 40

GDP Per Capita Comparison

• Canada and most European countries: mid-high $20,000

• Afghanistan: $800• Most African countries: below $1,000

– Sierra Leone: $500

“Least Livable” Countries, 2006 1. Niger 16. Tanzania 2. Sierra Leone 17. Angola 3. Mali 18. Guinea 4. Burkina Faso 19. Nigeria 5. Guinea-Bissau 20. Rwanda 6. Central African Republic 21. Eritrea 7. Chad 22. Senegal 8. Ethiopia 23. Gambia 9. Burundi 24. Haiti

10. Mozambique 25. Mauritania 11. Congo, Dem. Rep. of the 26. Kenya 12. Malawi 27. Zimbabwe 13. Zambia 28. Yemen 14. Côte d'Ivoire 29. Lesotho 15. Benin 30. Djibouti

2006 UN Human Development Report“Most Livable” Countries, 2006 1. Norway 16. France 2. Iceland 17. Italy 3. Australia 18. United Kingdom 4. Ireland 19. Spain 5. Sweden 20. New Zealand 6. Canada 21. Germany 7. Japan 22. Israel 8. United States 23. Greece 9. Switzerland 24. Singapore

10. Netherlands 25. Korea, Rep. of 11. Finland 26. Slovenia 12. Luxembourg 27. Portugal 13. Belgium 28. Cyprus 14. Austria 29. Czech Republic 15. Denmark 30. Barbados

Other Quality of Life Stats

• Richest 5th received 85% of world income• Poorest 5th received 1.4 % of world income • Gap trend between rich and poor

– 3 to 1 in 1820 – 11 to 1 in 1913 – 35 to 1 in 1950 – 44 to 1 in 1973 – 72 to 1 in 1999

Other Quality of Life Data

• Richest 3 people are richer then the 48 poorest nations ($ in billions)– Bill Gates (56), Warren Buffet (52), Carlos

Slim Helu (49) • Annual death rates of children (10.3 million

in 2003)– lack of immunization: 2.2 million– poor sanitation and water: 1.4 million

What can we conclude about “our world” from looking at

income/quality of life demographic data?

We (Western Society) are the most prosperous and enjoy a significantly

higher quality of life

What are some key questions from looking at this data?

5 minutes-reflect/write

Why is this the case?Why are there so many poor people?

Does the population information have anything to do with the quality of life information?

Has it always been this way?Is this trend continuing or are there

changes/progress?

Part 2: Globalization

• Define Globalization– 3 minute reflect/write

• What are the forces and features of globalization?

• What does it mean for us in the 21st century?

Globalization Defined• Globalization-stages

• Forces (political/social/economic/technological) converged to create new stage around 2000

• Current stage: more diverse, widespread, quick

Features/Trends of New Globalization

• Nature of work/relationships and communication-radical transformation– Walmart “90’s slogan”-today 94%

• Global Products (U.S.-Japan-China/India)– Walmart largest U.S. corporation (8x Microsoft)

• Global Job Market (Industry shift-South, West, East)• Out-sourcing and off-shoring

– Tax returns done in India» 2003: 25,000» 2004: 100,000» 2005: 400,000

Communication Technology Use (2005)-Today?

Pop Cell Phone Internet U.S. 301 mil 219 mil 205 milChina 1.3 bil 437 mil 123 milIndia 1.3 bil 69.1 mil 60 milRussia 141 mil 120 mil 23.7 milJapan 127 mil 94.7 mil 86.3 mil

Education

• 2002 more than 9 million 1st year degrees earned

• More than 3 million were S&E– 1.5 million from Asia– 900,000 from Europe– 600,000 from U.S.

Education

• 30% of U.S. degrees are in S&E behind Japan (64%) and China (57%)

• Growth of S&E enrollment in China– 1.8 to 5.8 million from 1995 to 2003

• 40% of mobile students attend schools in U.S. – Yale foreign students: 836 (1985) to 1,775 (2003)

Other Trends/Data

• China, India, South Korea, Japan, Russia economies are increasing in greater proportion

• Fastest Growing Economies– Vietnam, Argentina, Brazil, Indonesia, Panama

• 2005 fiscal year budget for NSF cut by 1.9% (105 million)

Other Trends/Data• Secondary Education shifts in China/India

– 270 day school year, 8 ½ hour day• Future Job prospects (next few decades) will change

– BLS and NSB: S&E jobs are increasing at a 5%, average age of S&E workforce is near retirement

– Total # of U.S. E&S students fell 12% in last two decades

• Current Global Recession and U.S. Impact• U.S. Debt-who holds it?, current revenues?

What questions are raised and/or what can we conclude about current globalization?:

-5 minutes reflect/write•Globalization is occurring and will radically

transform your individual role in society.•Technology has changed playing field •U.S. position in the world is changing

•Future job market and economic stability are unclear

What is the Big Picture?• Shaking off “Entitlement”• Shift from 20th century to 21st century skills

-collaboration, technology, integration, communication, problem solving (outside the box)

• Importance of Course: Understand the present and future by looking first at the past.

• Two Big Questions: – What is the context for the modern world? (part 1)– What are the global trends? (part 2)

• Focus: Thematic Framework– Globalization

• Industrialization (economy, technology, environment, etc.)• Democratization (democracy, nationalism, social/political

movements)