Fractal Geometry in Ecology: A Bibliography

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Andrle, R., and A. D. Abrahams. 1990. Fractal techniques and the surface roughness of talus slopes: a reply. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 15:283-5

Armstrong, A. C. 1986. On the fractal dimensions of some transient soil properties. J. Soil Sci. 37:641-52

Aronson, R. B. 1992. Biology of a scale-independent predator-prey interaction. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 89:1-13

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Baker, W. L., S. L. Egbert, and G. F. Frazier. 1991. A spatial model for studying the effects of climatic change on the structure of landscapes subject to large disturbances. Ecol. Mod. 56:109-25

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Bartoli, F., G. Burtin, R. Pilippy, and F. Gras. 1993. Influence of fir root zone on soil structure in a 23 m forest transect: the fractal approach. Geoderma 56:67-85

Bartoli, F., R. Phillip, M. Doirisse, S. Niquet, and M. Dubuit. 1991. Structure and self-similarity in silty and sandy soils: the fractal approach. J. Soil Sci. 42:167-85

Beck, M. W. 1998. Comparison of hte measurement and effects of habitat structure on gastropods in rocky intertidal and mangrove habitats. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 169:165-78

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Bellehumeur, C., and P. Legendre. 1998. Multiscale sources of variation in ecological variables: modeling spatial dispersion, elaborating sampling designs. Landscape Ecol. 13:15-25

Berger, D. S. 1991. Modification of a simple fractal tree growth scheme: implications on growth, variation, and evolution. J. Theor. Biol. 152:513-29

Berntson, G. M. 1994. Root systems and fractals: how reliable are calculations of fractal dimensions? Ann. Bot. 73:281-4

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Bradbury, R. H., and R. E. Reichelt. 1983. Fractal dimension of a coral reef at ecological scales. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 10:169-71

Bradbury, R. H., R. E. Reichelt, and D. G. Green. 1984. Fractals in ecology: methods and interpretation. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 14:295-6

Brown, C. A., P. D. Charles, W. A. Johnsen, and S. Chesters. 1993. Fractal analysis of topographic data by the patchwork method. Wear 161:61-7

Burel, F. 1992. Effect of landscape structure and dynamics on species diversity in hedgerow networks. Landscape Ecol. 6:161-74

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Burrough, P. A. 1985. Fakes, facsimiles and facts: fractal models of geophysical phenomena. Pages 151-169 in S. Nash, ed. Science and Uncertainty. IBM/Science Reviews Limited.

Burrough, P. A. 1981. Fractal dimensions of landscapes and other environmental data. Nature 294:240-2

Burrough, P. A. 1983. Multiscale sources of spatial variation in soil. I. application of fractal concepts to nested levels of soil variations. J. Soil Sci. 34:577-97

Burrough, P. A. 1983. Multiscale sources of spatial variation in soil. II. A non-Brownian fractal model and its application in soil survey. J. Soil Sci. 34:599-620

Cain, D. H., K. Riiters, and K. Orvis. 1997. A multi-scale analysis of landscape statistics. Landscape Ecol. 12:199-212

Carlson, C. 1991. Spatial distribution of ore deposits. Geol. 19:111-4

Carr, J. 1990. Surface roughness characterization of rock masses using the fractal dimension and the variogram. Volume Technical Report REMR-GT11. US Army Waterways Experimental Station, Vicksburg, MS.

Carr, J. R., and W. B. Benzer. 1991. On the practice of estimating fractal dimension. Math. Geol. 23:945-58

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Cheng, Q., and F. P. Agterberg. 1995. Multifractal modeling and spatial point processes. Math. Geol. 27:831-45

Clarke, K. C. 1986. Computation of the fractal dimension of topographic surfaces using the triangular prism surface area method. Comp. Geosci. 12:713-22

Cole, B. J. 1995. fractal time in animal behaviour: the movement activity of Drosophila. Anim. Behav. 50:1317-24

Collins, S. L., S. M. Glenn, and D. W. Roberts. 1993. The hierarchical continuum concept. J. Veg. Sci. 4:149-56

Constanza, R., and T. Maxwell. 1994. Resolution and predictability: an approach to the scaling problem. Landscape Ecol. 9:47-57

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Crist, T. O., D. S. Guertin, J. A. Weins, and B. T. Milne. 1992. Animal movement in heterogeneous landscapes: an experiment with Elodes beetles in shortgrass prairie. Funct. Ecol. 6:536-44

Culling, W. E. H. 1986. Highly erratic spatial variability of soil - pH on Iping Common, West Sussex. Catena 13:81-98

Culling, W. E. H., and M. Datko. 1987. The fractal geometry of the soil-covered landscape. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 19:369-85

Culver, D. C., and D. W. Fong. 1994. Small scale and large scale biogeography of subterranean crustacean faunas of the Virginias. Hydrobiol. 287:3-9

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Davenport, J., P. J. A. Pugh, and J. McKechnie. 1996. Mixed fractals and anisotropy in subantarctic marine macroalgae from South Georgia: implications for epifaunal biomass and abundance. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 136:245-55

De Cola, L. 1989. Fractal analysis of a classified Landsat scene. Photo. Engin. Rem. Sens. 55:601-10

de Jong, S. M. 1993. An application of spatial filtering techniques for land cover mapping using TM-images. Geocarto International 8:43-9

de Jong, S. M., and P. A. Burrough. 1995. A fractal approach to the classification of mediterranean vegetation types in remotely sensed images. Photo. Engin. Rem. Sens. 61:1041-53

Dewdney, A. K. 1985. Computer recreations: A computer microscope zooms in for a look at the most complex object in mathematics. Sci. Am. 1985:16-23

Dicke, M., and P. A. Burrough. 1988. Using fractal dimensions for characterizing tortuosity of animal trails. Physiol. Entomol. 13:393-8

Dubuc, B., J. F. Quiniou, C. Roques-Carnes, C. Tricot, and S. W. Zucker. 1989. Evaluating the fractal dimension of profiles. Phys. Rev. A, 39:1500-12

Durrett, R., and S. A. Levin. 1994. Stochastic spatial models: a user's guide to ecological applications. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. Ser. B. 343:329-50

Dutch, S. I. 1993. Linear Richardson plots from non-fractal data sets. Math. Geol. 25:737-51

Eghball, B., and J. F. Power. 1995. Fractal description of temporal yield variability of 10 crops in the United States. Agron. J. 87:152-6

Eghball, B., G. D. Binford, J. F. Power, D. D. Baltensperger, and F. N. Anderson. 1995. Maize temporal yield variability under long-term manure and fertilizer application: fractal analysis. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 59:1360-4

Elliot, J. K. 1989. An investigation of the change in surface roughness through time on the foreland of Austre Okstindbreen, North Norway. Comp. Geosci. 15:209-17

Emlen, J. M., D. C. Freeman, and J. H. Graham. 1993. Nonlinear growth dynamics and the origin of fluctuating assymetry. Genetica 89:77-96

Esc¢s, J., C. L. Alados, and J. M. Emlen. 1997. The impact of grazing on plant fractal architecture and fitness of a mediterranean shrub Anthyllis cytisoides L. Funct. Ecol. 11:66-78

Feder, J. 1988. Fractals. Plenum Press, New York.

Fisher, J. B. 1992. How predictive are computer simulations of tree architecture? Int. J. Plant Sci. 153:s137-46

Fitter, A. H., and T. R. Strickland. 1992. Fractal characterization of root system architecture. Funct. Ecol. 6:632-5

Flather, C. H., and J. R. Sauer. 1996. Using landscape ecology to test hypotheses about large-scale abundance patterns in migratory birds. Ecology 77:28-35

Folorunso, O. A., C. E. Puente, D. E. Rolston, and J. E. Pinzon. 1994. Statistical and fractal evaluation of spatial characteristics of soil surface strength. Soil Science Society of America Journal 58:284-94

Fourcassie, V., V. D. Coughlin, and J. F. A. Traniello. 1992. Fractal analysis of search behavior in ants. Naturwissenschaften 79:87-9

Fox, C. G., and D. E. Hayes. 1985. Quantitative methods for analyzing the roughness of the seafloor. Rev. Geophys. 23:1-48

Freeman, D. C., J. H. Graham, and J. M. Emlen. 1993. Developmental stability in plants: symmetries, stress and epigenesis. Genetica 89:97-119

Frontier, S. 1987. Applications of fractal theory to ecology. Pages 335-378 in P. Legendre and L. Legendre, editors. Developments in Numerical Ecology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Frontier, S. 1985. Diversity and structure in aquatic ecosystems. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev. 23:253-312

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Gao, J., and Z. Xia. 1996. Fractals in physical geography. Prog. Phys. Geogr. 20:178-91

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Gardner, R. H., and R. V. O'Neill. 1991. Pattern, Process, and Predictability: The Use of Neutral Models for Landscape Analysis. Pages 289-307 in M. G. Turner and R. H. Gardner, editors. Ecological Studies, 82: Quantitative methods in landscape ecology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

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Gilbert, L. E. 1989. Are topographic data sets fractal? Pure and Applied Geophysics 131:241-54

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