World hunger day 2015Food security

yesterday today and tomorrow

Abhishek KhadkaPokhara Bigyan Tatha Prabidhi Campus

United Nation Youth and Student Association Nepal 2014

avi_khadka@yahoo.com

Indicators for Hunger

Comparative analysis of hunger

When all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life. The concept of food security is defined as including both physical and economic access to food that meets people's dietary needs as well as their food preferences (World Food Summit of 1996)

Food Security

Physical Economical

Assesses/Constraints

Reduction in population growth

Food Supply = yield per cultivated area X cultivated area

Pillars of Food Security as WHO

Food availability Food

access

Food use

Pillars of Food Security as FAO

Physical AVAILABILITYof food

Food availability addresses the “supply side” of food security and is determined by the level of food production, stock levels and net trade.

Economic and physicalACCESS to foodAn adequate supply of food at the national or international level does not in itself guaranteehousehold level food security. Concerns about insufficient food access have resulted in a greaterpolicy focus on incomes, expenditure, markets and prices in achieving food security objectives.

Food UTILIZATIONUtilization is commonly understood as the way the body makes the most of various nutrients in the food. Sufficient energy and nutrient intake by individuals is the result of good care and feeding practices, food preparation, diversity of the diet and intra-household distribution of food.Combined with good biological utilization of food consumed, this determines the nutritional statusof individuals.

STABILITY of the otherthree dimensions overtimeEven if your food intake is adequate today, you are still considered to be food insecure if you haveinadequate access to food on a periodic basis, risking a deterioration of your nutritional status.Adverse weather conditions, political instability, or economic factors (unemployment, rising foodprices) may have an impact on your food security status.

Dimension of food security as ADB

ProductivityDecliningland and water resources, Stagnating crop yields

ResilienceClimate change impacts, price fluctuations

ConnectivityLack of accessto markets,services, resources,and nonfarm income

Food Security

Asian Development Bank study projects that climate change will adversely affect wheat production in South Asia by 2030, and rice production in Southeast Asia, particularly in the Greater Mekong Subregion (ADB 2009b). The study also predicts that climate change will have a strong effect on food prices: rice, wheat, and soybeans could increase by 10%–50%, while the price of maize is expected to double by 2050.

Climate change will also increase extreme weather events—such as floods, droughts, andtyphoons—which will have serious consequences for agriculture, food, and forestry production.This is of particular concern to Asia, as it is the most disaster-afflicted area in the world—of the10 countries with greatest economic losses to extreme weather, five are in Asia (Bangladesh, thePeople’s Republic of China, India, Indonesia, and Pakistan). Between 1975 and 2006, 89% of peopleaffected by natural disasters in the world were in Asia (Sanker, Nakano, and Shiomi 2007).

Using three indicators of vulnerability (exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity), the mostvulnerable countries in the region are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, the Lao People’sDemocratic Republic, Myanmar, and Nepal. These are the countries that will need targeted assistance(ADB 2009b).

In 2007-08 the food stocks went down and price of world cereals peaked up in April 2008 an average increase of 87% in comparison to last year.

60% of the total cereal demand is from the developing countries from where and South East Asia contributes the highest. The global cereal demand from 1999-2030 is expected to be increase of 1.6% where South East Asia contributes 1.2% to meet this the global production should be increased by 40%.

Biehl et. al (2013)

Hidden Hunger

Inflation Vs Time Year/Commodities

US$ Coke UK£ Petrol Diesel Gold Population

Rice

2039 2.5 12 8 84 lacs One of leading rice exporter of country

2060 64* 12 106* 62.5 31.50 7000* 2.31 crore (2.27%)

2071 96* (106)

25 150 (162)

140 104.5 54000*

2.75 Crore(1.68%)

One of the leading rice importer

How food technologist can eliminate hunger ??

Nepal imports around 5000 commodities whereas exports 451 commodities.

Topography is one of the main challenge in agri-trade.35% of GDP is being contributed by agriculture. 9 potential food/spices are classified as the major

contributors of GDP.The number of family involved in farming was found to be

increased but the land holding ratio was small as compared to census 2058.

Due to lack of mechanization and irrigation facilities the production is not so high expected in Terai region.

Agri-trade in Nepal as Economic Security

Thanks to: Conference Papers of Nutrition Innovation

Lab on Nutrition II & III symposium. Food Conference 2012-14 conference

papers.

Acknowledgement

Thank You[we will rise again]