Argumentsusing

LOGOS…

Focus on these when using LOGOS

**facts

**data/statistics

**research

FACTS:

What is a fact?A fact is something that has really occurred

or is actually the case. This can be proven with evidence.

Facts are objective reality.

•Every US president has worn glasses (not always in public)

• The penguin is the only bird that cannot fly, but can swim

• Half of all bank robberies take place on Fridays

• Most lipstick contains fish scales.

• During his entire life, Vincent Van Gogh sold only one of his paintings

Be Weary of Opinions!Opinions are not facts.

Opinions express preferences, values, feelings, and judgments. Unlike facts, these cannot be proven or verified.

Be Weary! Examples of OpinionsTrout tastes better than catfish.

Touching a spider is scary.Venus Williams is the greatest athlete of this decade.Hamsters make the best pets.

These are not facts and cannot be proven.

Be Weary!In fact, the following counter claims can be easily made:

Catfish is much tastier than trout.Touching a spider is fascinating.Lance Armstrong is the best athlete ever.Everyone should have a cat.

Quiz

http://www.bcps.org/offices/lis/models/biog/images/factopinion.ppt

DATA/STATISTICS:

Data/StatisticsData/Statistics are values or measurements.

These values can be represented as numbers, percentages, or fractions.

• About 14% of injecting drug users are HIV positive.

• About 55% of all movies are rated R

• There are two chickens for every one human in the world

• When the Titanic sank, 2,228 people were on board. Only 706 survived

• 2/3 of the world’s eggplants are grown in New Jersey.

RESEARCH

ResearchResearch is information gained from a

credible institution that performs an experiment or investigation.

• According to a recent study, all badly-behaved 10th grade students receive coal in

their Christmas stockings.

• The Harvard Medical School recently discovered that ice cubes have calories.

• Sea World marine biologists released a report stating that sharks prefer human left

limbs over human right limbs.

• According to the Jeffersonian Department of Anthropology, Tupac is alive.

HOMEWORK REMINDER:

Bring in ONE print adthe usesLOGOG

DUE TOMORROW!