flower growers...flower growers april, 1970 some guys have all the luck henry bass accepting the t....

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BULLETIN 229 PENNSYLVANIA FLOWER GROWERS APRIL, 1970 SOME GUYS HAVE ALL THE LUCK Henry Bass accepting the T. A. Weston Award for the best Commercial Exhibit of cut flowers at the Philadelphia Flower Show. The award was given to Roses, Inc. and was staged by George Robertson & Sons. Presenting the trophy was Miss Barbara Bass, Henry's daughter.

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Page 1: FLOWER GROWERS...FLOWER GROWERS APRIL, 1970 SOME GUYS HAVE ALL THE LUCK Henry Bass accepting the T. A. Weston Award for the best Commercial Exhibit of cut flowers at the Philadelphia

BULLETIN 229

PENNSYLVANIA

FLOWER GROWERS

APRIL, 1970

SOME GUYS HAVE ALL THE LUCK

Henry Bass accepting the T. A. Weston Award for the best Commercial Exhibit of cut flowers at thePhiladelphia Flower Show. The award was given to Roses, Inc. and was staged by George Robertson &Sons. Presenting the trophy was Miss Barbara Bass, Henry's daughter.

Page 2: FLOWER GROWERS...FLOWER GROWERS APRIL, 1970 SOME GUYS HAVE ALL THE LUCK Henry Bass accepting the T. A. Weston Award for the best Commercial Exhibit of cut flowers at the Philadelphia

/

The complete list of contributors tothe 1969 Dillon Research Fund was

published in the January, 1970 PFGBulletin. Because of the length of thislist, 13 names were listed on a separate page. Unfortunately, some of ourreaders may have missed the last fewnames because of their position in thebulletin (pages 2 and 9).

To be certain that everyone whocontributed to the 1969 Dillon Re

search Fund be recognized, the complete list has been reprinted in thisissue on pages 4 and 5.

Again, may we express our sincerethanks for your support of the DillonResearch Fund and the research that

it makes possible.

YOUR EDITOR

CONTROLLING WHITE FLYKarl Nissila

Hancock, MichiganReprinted from Michigan Florist

This spring a number of the growers have been fighting a losing battlewith the pesky white fly. We'd like toreview the life cycle to point out theimportance of the control measuresyou are using.

LIFE CYCLE: Adults lay eggswithin a few hours after becoming anadult. Work at U.S.D.A. has shownthat the white fly responds to temperature and at 70°F the life cyclecan be completed in 29-40 days. Thismeans that control measures must bevery strictly timed in order to achieveany kill.

CONTROL MEASURES: Cleanup, throw out, get rid of the weedsin the greenhouse. After the beddingplant season is finished, discard theold plants—especially if white fly hasbeen a problem.

Insecticides—Vapona aerosol every5 days and continue for 4 to 5 weeksto control the pest. Vapona aerosolwill give some residual effect for theadults and nymphs.

Vapona concentrate can be soakedinto ground corncobs or coarse ver-

yj*

GREENHOUSE CLIMATE CONTROL

HANDBOOK AVAILABLE

miculite, and the mixture is then hungin the greenhouse. What you actuallyare doing is to make your own plasticor resin strips.

Vapona is very volatile and thefumes are given off for about twoweeks. This means that the cobs orvermiculite will have to be rechargedwith Vapona.

Use one ounce of the Vapona concentrate per 1000 cu. ft. of greenhouse area: To prepare the mixture,dump part of the cobs or vermiculitein a wide-mouth gallon glass bottleadd some insecticide, shake and repeat the process until both materialsare thoroughly mixed. Dump the Vapona treated cobs or vermiculite intoa porous netting type container, suchas a plastic window screen or an oldnylon stocking.

Suspend the material over theplants, only after working hours. Thereason for the 5 P.M. to 8 a.m. hoursis that Vapona is very volatile and athigh temperatures it will be wastedout the vents. Store the plastic bag ina tight metal or glass container. Don'tuse a plastic bottle as the fumes cango through the plastic.

The most advanced informationconcerning new concepts in heating,cooling and ventilation of greenhouses is comprehensively presentedin, "The Greenhouse Climate ControlHandbook", a new technical publication just released by Acme Engineering and Manufacturing Corporationof Muskogee, Oklahoma.

Authoratively prepared and writtenby Norman D. Augsburger, Hoy R.Bohanon and James L. Calhoun,nearly all phases of creating adequateenvironment for optimum plantgrowth are specifically covered in this32 page handbook.

Following a very informative introduction to the fundamental principlesof greenhouse thermodynamics, psy-chometrics and aerodynamics; equip

ment and design techniques for cooling, ventilating and heating systemlayouts and their controls are thoroughly explained.

The data and procedures recommended are based on actual resultsobtained over the past fifteen years byAcme engineers Augsburger, Bohanonand Calhoun, from their research anddevelopment projects in the interestof all-season climatic stabilization for

professional horticulturists.

Copies of "The Greenhouse ClimateControl Handbook" may be obtainedby writing to Acme Engineering andManufacturing Corporation, P.O. Box978, Muskogee, Oklahoma or by contacting the Acme representative inyour area.

PENNSYLVANIA

FLOWER GROWERS

BULLETIN 229

APRIL, 1970

OFFICERS

PRESIDENT LOUIS HELBLINGMercer Greenhouses, Inc.

Fredonia, Pa. 16124V. PRESIDENT MARTIN P. GOHN

Gohn's GreenhousesWillow Grove, Pa. 19090

TREASURER AND EXECUTIVESECRETARY HOWARD G. KRUPP

P.O. Box 247, Chalfont, Pa. 18914EDITOR JOHN W. MASTALERZ

907 Glenn Circle SouthState College, Pa. 16801

s^-

Page 3: FLOWER GROWERS...FLOWER GROWERS APRIL, 1970 SOME GUYS HAVE ALL THE LUCK Henry Bass accepting the T. A. Weston Award for the best Commercial Exhibit of cut flowers at the Philadelphia

THE LATEST ON . . .

PLANT DISEASESLes Nichols

Plant Pathology Extension

Remember, however, that these materials used in this manner act as

fungistats and not as fungicides. Thismeans that they do not kill the damping-off fungi but merely suppress theirgrowth and hinder their spread tohealthy plants in other parts of theflat. Depending on the material usedthe fungistatic action will disappear ina short time and the fungus will resume its spread through the soil. Terraclor is a rather persistant materialand one application will last until theplants have matured to the pointwhere they are not so susceptible todamping-off. Captan and Dexon are

less persistant in the soil and drenchesmay have to be repeated every 2weeks until damping-off no longer isa problem.

WATCH FOR GARDENIA CANKER

If dead branches appear on pottedgardenia plants, cankers formed bythe Phomopsis fungus may be presenton the stems where they join the mainstem or on the main stem at or justabove the soil line. The cankers are

enlarged corky areas containing longitudinal cracks (Fig. 1). Cutting intothe corky tissue of the surface of thecanker will show bright yellow ororange tissue underneath. Severly affected plants should be destroyed. Ifonly one or two cankers are presenton smaller branches well above the

soil line they may be pruned two orthree inches below the canker. The

(continued on page 7)

PREVENTING BOTRYTIS BLIGHT

ON GERANIUMS

Growers who have not alreadyspaced their geraniums after movingout the Easter pot plants should do soat once. During the spacing operationbe sure to remove all old yellow orinjured leaves. The Botrytis fungusmay become established on theseleaves and during periods of cloudywet weather may invade the stemsand render the plants unfit for sale.Continue weekly applications of Ter-mil or Exotherm Termil to maintain

a protective coating of fungicide onthe rapidly developing leaf and stemtissue so that Botrytis spores comingin contact with the plants will bekilled before infection can take place.Some growers cannot use the Termilfungicides due to the presence ofTermil sensitive crops growing in thesame house with the geraniums or because of a relatively small number ofgeraniums being grown in a largevolume greenhouse. They should useweekly sprays of Daconil 2787 to prevent Botrytis infection. Daconil 2787contains the same fungicide ingredients as the Termil materials. It is awettable powder formulation designed to be applied as a spray.

DAMPING-OFF AND THE USE OF

FUNGISTATIC DRENCHES

If all of the recommendations aimedat the prevention of damping-off havebeen followed this disease should notbe a problem at this time. However,growers are only human and they stillcontinue to place steamed soil in un-steamed flats, they forget to hang theend of the watering hose up off thewalks, and they still insist on wateringthe flats of seedlings in the evening.Consequently it is not unusual to finddamping-off occurring in flats of bedding plants now. The further spreadof the damping-off in the flats may beprevented by the use of fungistaticdrenches such as captan, Terraclor, orDexon or combinations of captan andTerraclor or Terraclor and Dexon. Figure I. Gardenia Cankei

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Page 4: FLOWER GROWERS...FLOWER GROWERS APRIL, 1970 SOME GUYS HAVE ALL THE LUCK Henry Bass accepting the T. A. Weston Award for the best Commercial Exhibit of cut flowers at the Philadelphia

DILLON RESEARCH FUND

CONTRIBUTORS FOR 1969

OUR THANKS

AND APPRECIATION

FOR YOUR SUPPORT

Allyn&Allyn, West Palm Beach, FloridaAmerican Horticulture Supply Co., New York, New YorkAnderson's Greenhouse, FranklinGeo. J. Ball, Inc., West Chicago, IllinoisBlind's Flowers, PittsburghBrighton By-Products Co., Inc., New BrightonBryfogle's, Inc., MuncyBcresch Greenhouses, PittsburghBuzas Greenhouses, EastonCalifornia-Florida Plant Corp., Stuart, FloridaCase Greenhouses & Flower Shops, Simsbury, ConnscticutStan Cassell, ChalfontChapin Watermatics, Inc., Watertown, New YorkChester County Flowers Growers Assoc, Kennett SquareL. B. Coddington Company, Murray Hill, New JerseyCremer Florist, Inc., HanoverDavis & Amdt, Florists, BerwickGeo. Didden Greenhouses, HatfieldDietz Florists, McKees RocksJ. L. Dillon, Inc., BloomsburgDillon Floral Products, Inc., J. L. Dillon, ScrantonDrayer Florists & Greenhouses, ReynoldsvilleJohn HenryDudley, John Henry Co., Lansing, MichiganPaul Ecke, Inc., Encinitas, CaliforniaEdwards' Flowers, Inc., TamaquaBard Eichelberger, NeffsvilleElmira Floral Products, Inc., Elmira Heights, New YorkEmerick's Greenhouse, New BrightonEngelman, Florist, TyroneRaymond A. Fleck, Inc., SouthamptonFloral Acres, Delray Beach, FloridaFord's Greenhouse, CoatesvilleFrankstown Gardens, PittsburghK. Frederick Fries, J. L. Dillon, Inc., BloomsburgThos. R. Fries Sons, Florists, LancasterFriedl-Elverson Pottery Company, New BrightonGarland Maintenance Products, Inc., Cleveland, OhioE. C. Geiger, HarleysvilleH. G. German, Seeds, SmethportGeorge's Flowers, CarlisleGeorge's Greenhouses, Newark Valley, New YorkFred C. Gloeckner, New York, New YorkGrandview Florists & Greenhouses, John townGohn's Greenhouses, Willow GroveLorentz J. Graber, Highland Falls, New YorkJ. Clarence Groff, StrasburgLouis Hahn & Son, Inc., PittsburghN. V. Hansen, Port Chester, New YorkCharles D. Hayes, DowningtownHeemskerk Bulb Company, Hawthorne, New JerseyPeter Hellberg Company, ChalfontHill Foundation, Richmond, IndianaJames A. Himes, Friedl-Elverson

Pottery Company, New Brighton

— 4 —

F. C. Hinkel & Bro., Inc., PittsburghHoliday Gardens, Inc., RutledgeJohnston the Florist, McKeesportKasarda Greenhouses, WyomingKoon's Florist, LittlestownKrueger's Greenhouses, BethlehemKuhl's Flowers, MansfieldHerman Lederer Sons, Parker FordS. Locher & Son, PittsburghLinn C. Longenecker, ManheimRobert J. Loughead, WarmisterMartin's Flowers & Greenhouses, Galax, VirginiaJ. H. Marx, MendenhallWarren L. Mathias, American Can Co., HersheyMay Greenhouses, Encinitas, CaliforniaMcCurio Florists, Inc., PittsburghMcFadden Greenhouses, Inc., OxfordMercer Greenhouses, Inc., FredoniaHenry F. Michell Co., King of PrussiaPaul H. Mikkelsen, Henry F. Michell Co., King of PrussiaClint Miller, AllentownMiller's Greenhouse, LandisvilleMiller's Wholesale Florists, AltoonaNace's Greenhouses, PerkasieNevill's Flowers, MontoursvilleNiessner's Flowers, JohnstownNorthwest Pennsylvania Florist Association, Grove CityOelschig's Nursery, Inc., Savannah, GeorgiaOglevee Floral Company, ConnellsvilleMartha Orient, BridgevilleFrank M. Palmer, Kennett SquareGeorge W. Park Seed Co., Greenwood, South CarolinaPeirce Bros., Inc., Waltham, MassachusettsPenn Flower Shop & Greenhouses, PittsburghPennsylvania Perfite Co., Lehigh ValleyL. S. Peterman Company, AltoonaPetersons Greenhouses, SpringdaleRobert B. Peters Co., Inc., AllentownWilliam F. Pfeiffer, Vaughan Seed Co., PhiladelphiaL. K. Philips & Sons Florist, OxfordPittsburgh Cut Flower Co., PittsburghJohn J. Pranulis Greenhouses, ButlerDonald S. Pratt, AvondaleS. Russell Prizer, Parker FordProper's Greenhouse, BradfordRayne & Darling Florists, Kennett SquareReiniger Brothers, Inc., HatboroHenry W. Ridgway, Mickleton, New JerseyF. O. Rinker & Sons, Inc., BloomsburgF. W. Ritter Sons Company, South Rockwood, MichiganH. Stanford Roberts, NewtownRobinson's Greenhouse, PhiladelphiaRough Bros, Inc., Cincinnati, OhioRoyer's Flower Shop, Lebanon

^J

^

Page 5: FLOWER GROWERS...FLOWER GROWERS APRIL, 1970 SOME GUYS HAVE ALL THE LUCK Henry Bass accepting the T. A. Weston Award for the best Commercial Exhibit of cut flowers at the Philadelphia

PROGRAMMED DISEASE CONTROL Fusarium Stem Rot

Alternaria Leaf Spot and BranchRot

Rust

Greasy BlotchIV. FloweringA.

When flower buds begin to showcolor, vent and heat until after sundown. This is particularly importantduring Spring and Fall.B.

Mist spray flowers on a 3-7 day schedule with CAPTAN 50% WP or ZINEB

75% WP (V2 lb./100 gal.).To Control

Botrytis Petal BlightV. FloweringA.

Control measures for flower rots in

storage or shipment must be appliedin the greenhouse. Before cuttingflowers, mist spray with CAPTAN 50%WP or ZINEB 75% WP (]/., lb./100gal.).

To Control

Botrytis Petal Blight

PLANT DISEASES(continued from page 3)

plants should then be sprayed withferbam 76% WP at the rate of 2

pounds per 100 gallons of water (2%tablespoons per gallon of water.) Gardenia propagators should take cuttings only from canker free plants.Mix x/o pound of ferbam 76% WP ineach 100 pounds of sand for the por-pagating bed. Cuttings in the propagating bed and young plants shouldbe sprayed every 7 to 10 days withferbam at the rate of 2 pounds per100 gallons.

CARNATIONSLester P. Nichols and Paul E. Nelson

Department of Plant PathologyThe Pennsylvania State University

PRODUCTION PRACTICE

I. Preparation for PlantingA.

Remove and destroy large roots,stems, and other debris of previouscrop. Prepare soil for planting, addingsphagnum peat moss or other amendments.

B.

Clean all soil from hoses of the Gates

watering system and tie abovebenches clear of steaming operations(check with supplier, some plastichose can be left in place during steaming). Before reuse, wipe well withLF-10 1:200, Roccal, or Hyamine2389. Hurdles which cannot be

steamed should be cleaned of soil and

wiped with the LF-10, Roccal, orHyamine 2389.C.

Place planting tools and hurdles onbench, cover bench with steam cover,and steam-treat at 180°F for % hourat coolest point.

To Control

Fusarium Wilt

Bacterial Wilt

Rhizoctonia Stem Rot

Fusarium Stem Rot

Bacterial Slow Wilt or Stunt

II. PlantingA.

Purchase pathogen-free rooted outings from a specialist propagator.B.

Plant directly from shipping containerinto production bench.C.

Wash hands thoroughly before planting rooted cuttings or pinching youngplants. Rinse hands in LF-10 1:200(3 oz./5 gal. Water).D.

Hang watering hose so that nozzledoes not touch floor.

To Control

Fusarium Wilt

Bacterial Wilt

Rhizoctonia Stem Rot

Fusarium Stem Rot

Alternaria Leaf Spot and BranchRot

Rust

Greasy BlotchBacterial Slow Wilt or Stunt

III. Growing PlantsA.

1. Seven to 10 days after planting,drench as required with TERRACLOR 75% WP {% lb./100 gal.water, applied to 400 sq. ft. of bed)(one application only).

2. Two to 3 weeks after planting,drench lower portion of plants withFERBAM 76% WP plus CAPTAN50% WP ( % lb. of each per 100 gal.of water). Applied to 400 sq. ft ofbed.

B.

Spray, covering leaves and stems, ona 7-14 day schedule alternating between CAPTAN 50% WP (l1/, lb./100gal.) and ZINEB 75% WP (VA lb./100 gal.). If spray droplets do notspread evenly over foliage, add wetting agent to the spray tank until evencoverage is obtained. Do not over-spray; spray only until the suspensionbegins to drip from leaves.

To Control

Rhizoctonia Stem Rot

"GERMAN'S SEEDS GERMINATE"When you want your seeds in a hurryCall German's and you will never worry

— All Orders Shipped Return Mail —

The VERY BEST in Flower and Vegetable Seeds

H. G. GERMAN SEEDS, INC.103 BANK STREET SMETHPORT, PA. - 16749

When you want the bestin seeds and service, call us . . .

A. Code 814 - 887-5567

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Page 6: FLOWER GROWERS...FLOWER GROWERS APRIL, 1970 SOME GUYS HAVE ALL THE LUCK Henry Bass accepting the T. A. Weston Award for the best Commercial Exhibit of cut flowers at the Philadelphia

PROGRAMMED DISEASE CONTROL

CHRYSANTHEMUMS-GREENHOUSE CUT FLOWERS

Lester P. Nichols and Paul E. Nelson

Department of Plant PathologyThe Pennsylvania State University

PRODUCTION PRACTICE

I. Preparation for PlantingA.

Hang hose nozzle so that is does nottouch greenhouse floor.B.

Remove and destroy large roots andstems and other debris from previouscrop.

C.

Prepare soil for planting. Allow forgood aeration. Check soluble saltslevel.

D.

Steam treat benches, soil, tools at180°F for l/2 hour at coolest point.

or

Fumigate soil with CHLOROPICRINat 3 ml. on 10-in. staggered centers(Chloropicrin is the most effective fu-migant treatment for control of Verti-ciliium Wilt).

or

Fumigate benches, soil, and tools withMETHYL BROMIDE at 2-4 lb./100sq. ft.(When using soil fumigants followmanufactures' directions carefully).

To Control

Verticillium Wilt

Bacterial BlightPythium Root and Basal Stem

Rot

Rhizoctonia Basal Stem Rot

Sclerotinia RotNematodes

II. PlantingA.

Purchase pathogen-free rooted cuttings from a specialist propagator.Plant directly from shipping carton.Always wash hands thoroughly before planting or pinching youngplants.

To Control

Virus Diseases and other diseases

as listed above

HI. Young PlantsA.

Drench, as required, with soil fungicides. DEXON 35% WP [V/> lb.) plus

TERRACLOR WP (•% lb.)/100 gal.of water. Apply to 400 sq. ft. of bed(one application only). If Pythiumcontinues, make an additional drenchOF DEXON alone in 30 days.

To Control

Rhizoctonia Basal Stem Rot

Pvthium Root and Basal StemRot

Sclerotinia Rot

IV. Growing PlantsA.

Spray growing plants on a 7- to 14-dav schedule, covering both leaf surfaces with FERBAM 76% WP (V/>lb./gal. water). Avoid overhead watering.For powdery mildew, use KARA-THANE 22.5% (4 oz./lOO gal. water).

To Control

Septoria Leaf SpotAscochyta Ray BlightStemphylium Ray SpeckPowders' Mildew

V. FloweringA.

When flower buds begin to showcolor:

1. Reduce relative humidity by venting and heating at sundown.

2. Mist spray on a 3-7 day schedulewith ZINEB 75% WP or CAPTAN50% WP (y2 lb./100 gal. water).

or

Thermal dust weekly with Termilat manufacturer's recommendations(for Botrytis Petal Blight only).

To Control

Botrytis Petal BlightAscochyta Ray BlightStemphylium Ray Speck

VI. Flower StorageA.

Control measures for flower rot in

storage or shipment must be appliedin the greenhouse. Mist spray beforecutting with ZINEB 75% WP or CAPTAN 50% WP (!4 lb./gal. water).

To Control "^*Botrytis Petal BlightAscochyta Ray BlightStemphylium Ray Speck

HENRY F. MICHELL CO. KING OF PRUSSIA. PA.

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