FIVE-YEAR PLANS

Alejandra ZelayaGabriela Zaldívar

Central planningRole of Gosplan Features of the Five-years planForeign involvement.

ORGANIZATION OF THE FIVE-YEAR PLANS

Central Planning New base of soviet economy. State decided what would be produced and where it

would be allocated. Targets to reach!

Role of Gosplan

Set up in 1921 Calculate figure for targets.

Features of the Five-Year plans

Develop heavy industry in order to improve conditions.

“Autarky” Plans always a

year ahead. New industrial

centers E.g, Magnitorsk

Foreign involvement

Great involvement of foreign companies

Factor: Great depression

Henry Ford Create of Hope

First-1928-1932Second-1933-1937Third- 1938-1941

EVALUATION OF THE FIVE-YEAR PLANS

Evaluation 1928-1932

Emphasized heavy industry

New tractors.= mechanization

Weakness in other sectors

Actual output in 1927-1928 1932-33 targets in first version of plan 1932-33 targets in optimum version of plan

Coal (million tons) 35 68 75

Iron ore 6 15 19

steel 4 8 10

Evaluation 1933-1937

Emphasize in communications (railways)

Big projects such as Dniemprostroi dam

41/2 thousand enterprises.

Evaluation 1938-1941

Carried for only 31/2 years. Entry to 2nd World War. Emphasize in weapons.

ReactionRole of womenExpansion of the labour forcePositives and negatives

THE IMPACT ON THE WORKERS

Reaction

Working class and young workers enthusiastic. Volunteers for long-distance projects Dislike of NEP Attractive rewards.

Role of women New labour

source! 10 million women

entered workforce. Good at teaching

and medicine. 1930’s= 44% of

workforce HOWEVER there

was great inequality.

Expansion of the labour force

Requirement of the five-years plan.

Creation of proletariat of workers.

Peasants forced to become workers.

Less than 7% of workers where skilled

Problems within labour force and measures introduced

Reward payments. (bonuses.

Motivation for workers such as honors.

Training programs unsuccessful.

Propaganda to encourage productivity.Soviet propaganda poster, In the struggle

for Fuel and Metal produced in 1933. With the aim of spurring the workers to fulfill the five year plans.

Case Study: Alexei Stakhanov Did a record on

coal extraction 1935.

Started the “Stakhanovite movement”

New inspiration for workers, since they where able to see the great reward

Pressure of the managers

Labour shortages.

Raw material shortages.

Competition of military spending.

Impact on urban living standards Not managed to improve

living conditions. Lack of consumer goods

and food being rationed. Consumption decline. Cities growing with

200,000 people per MONTH.

“Life has become better, comrades, life has become more joyous”-Stalin

Case Study: Magnitogorsk Mining

industrial city

Created from scratch.

Iron and steel work.

Stalin’s objective

How successful were the Five-year plans for industry?

Successful Not successful Achieved substantial

growth of heavy industry.

Comparing to 1928 conditions USSR was looking better.

Clearly set the priorities necessary for the circumstances it had.

Targets achieved through bribery, corruption, major shortages and poor product quality.

Overcrowding increased due to peasant movement.

# major industries still behind.