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COPYRIG
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ChemistryWORKBOOK SACE STAGE 2
Australian CurriculumFIRST EDITION
Rhys Lewis
COPYRIG
HT SAST
A 2017
Publishing Information This publication has been created to support the teaching and learning of SACE Stage 2 Chemistry in South Australia.
Published by the South Australian Science Teachers Association Inc. 249 Henley Beach Road, Torrensville SA 5031 AUSTRALIA Telephone: +61 8 8354 0006 Fax: +61 8 8354 0008 Email: [email protected] Website: www.sasta.asn.au
ISBN 978-0-9953841-5-6
Copyright © South Australian Science Teachers Association Inc. First Edition 2018
Cover Design: Jane McLean Design
Acknowledgements: Tanya Kalm (p6), Designua (p6, 364, 427), NASA/GSFC (p17), vladsilver (p21), udaix (p29), Dobermaraner (p32), Ethan Daniels (p32), Martyn Jandula (p35), tanewpix (p98), Laguna Design (p350), Dr Morley Read (p365), KYTan (p371), margouillat photo (p371), Smileus (p372), STUDIO M (p372), Stcokr (p373), lloyd thornton (p373), Juergen Faelchle (p383), petratrollgrafik (p383), NASA (p384), Igor Petrushenko (p419), Zern Liew (p426), Eye of Science (p496).
Copyright Information All rights reserved except under the conditions described in the Copyright Act 1968 of Australia and subsequent amendments. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior permission of the publisher.
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CONTENTS 3
ContentsABOUT THIS BOOK 4
CHAPTER 1 TOPIC 1: MONITORING THE ENVIRONMENT 5 1.1 Global Warming and Climate Change 6
1.2 Photochemical Smog 33
1.3 Volumetric Analysis 42
1.4 Chromatography 88
1.5 Atomic Spectroscopy 112
Review Test 1 131
CHAPTER 2 TOPIC 2: MANAGING CHEMICAL PROCESSES 139 2.1 Rates of Reactions 140
2.2 Equilibrium and Yield 165
2.3 Optimising Production 196
Review Test 2 214
CHAPTER 3 TOPIC 3: ORGANIC AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 223 3.1 Introduction 224
3.2 Alcohols 234
3.3 Aldehydes and Ketones 247
3.4 Carbohydrates 264
3.5 Carboxylic Acids 274
3.6 Amines 288
3.7 Esters 299
3.8 Amides 316
3.9 Triglycerides 323
3.10 Proteins 342
Review Test 3 354
CHAPTER 4 TOPIC 4: MANAGING RESOURCES 363 4.1 Energy 364
4.2 Water 409
4.3 Soil 427
4.4 Materials 455
Review Test 4 499
SOLUTIONS TO CHAPTER QUESTIONS AND REVIEW TESTS 507
PERIODIC TABLE 582
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CO2 + H2O ⇌ H2CO3
H2CO3 + H2O ⇌ HCO3− + H3O+
HCO3− + H2O ⇌ CO32− + H3O+
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SASTA STAGE 2 • CHEMISTRY WORKBOOK 26
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Ca(aq)2+ + CO3(aq)2− → CaCO3(s)
CaCO3 + 2H+ → Ca2+ + CO2 + H2O COPYRIG
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CHAPTER 1 • TOPIC 1: MONITORING THE ENVIRONMENT 27
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SASTA STAGE 2 • CHEMISTRY WORKBOOK 234
Cr2O72−
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Cr2O72− + 14H+ + 6e− → 2Cr3+ + 7H2O
Cr3+
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CHAPTER 3 • TOPIC 3: ORGANIC AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 243
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CHAPTER 4 • TOPIC 4: MANAGING RESOURCES
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397
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SASTA STAGE 2 • CHEMISTRY WORKBOOK 410
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CHAPTER 4 • TOPIC 4: MANAGING RESOURCES
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495