First AmericansFirst Americans How did they get How did they get

to America?to America? Where did they Where did they

live?live? How did they use How did they use

their their environment to environment to meet their basic meet their basic needs?needs?

They were here firstThey were here firstThe Land Bridge TheoryThe Land Bridge Theory

Over 14,000 Over 14,000 years ago, years ago,

during the Ice during the Ice Age, people Age, people

began to arrive began to arrive in North in North

America. They America. They followed their followed their food source.food source.

Where did they live?Where did they live?

These people spread over These people spread over the continents of North the continents of North America and South America.America and South America.

They lived in all Geographic They lived in all Geographic regions of North America.regions of North America.

We will We will study 5 study 5 different different groups of groups of First First Americans.Americans.

Each group Each group lived in a lived in a very very different different environmentenvironment

3 Questions to answer3 Questions to answer

1.1. What What regionregion did each group did each group inhabit?inhabit?

2.2. What was the What was the climateclimate and and geographygeography like for each group? like for each group?

3.3. How did the How did the geographygeography and and climateclimate affect the way each group met theiraffect the way each group met their basic needsbasic needs??

Crazy Crazy Apes In Apes In Green Green

Raincoats Raincoats Baking Baking Cookies Cookies

CarefullyCarefully..

Remember Remember the 8 the 8 Geographic Geographic Regions ?Regions ?

What are Geography & What are Geography & Climate?Climate?

What the land looks like…flat, What the land looks like…flat, mountainous, hilly… mountainous, hilly…

What the weather is like over a What the weather is like over a long period of timelong period of time

ListList 3 Basic Needs3 Basic Needs

1.1.FOODFOOD

2.2.CLOTHINGCLOTHING

3.3.SHELTERSHELTER

Starting in the Starting in the EastEast•This group inhabited northeast North America in an area known as the Eastern Woodlands.

•Their environment was heavily forested.

•They lived in the Appalachian Mountain and Interior Lowland Regions.

Meet the Iroquois

Where Are We?Where Are We?

The LandThe Land

Thick forests Thick forests Fertile soilFertile soilMany riversMany riversSeasonsSeasons

Conclude: How they met their Conclude: How they met their Basic NeedsBasic Needs::

FOODFOOD::

Did they Did they

HuntHunt FishFish CultivateCultivate GatherGather

Yes, the Iroquois used all of these Yes, the Iroquois used all of these methodsmethods

What kinds of food did the What kinds of food did the Iroquois eat?Iroquois eat?

CBSCBS

CornCorn Beans Beans SquashSquash

Small gameSmall game deerdeer

FishFish berriesberries

Clothing & ShelterClothing & ShelterWhat natural resources were available to What natural resources were available to

meet these needs?meet these needs?

Clothing?Clothing?

Animal SkinsAnimal SkinsShelter?Shelter?

WoodWoodTheir shelters are called Longhouses.Their shelters are called Longhouses.

The IroquoisThe Iroquois

A typical Iroquois village

Iroquois Longhouse

Interior of a Longhouse

Unique CharacteristicsUnique Characteristics

The Iroquois used slash and burn The Iroquois used slash and burn to prepare their land for farming.to prepare their land for farming.

Moving West…Moving West…What Geographic Region are we now in?

Describe the Geography & Climate

RegionRegion- Great Plains- Great PlainsGeographyGeography- flat land gradually - flat land gradually

increasing in elevation westward. increasing in elevation westward. Grasslands few trees located Grasslands few trees located between the Mississippi River and between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountainsthe Rocky Mountains

ClimateClimate- Seasons- Seasons

Where Are We?Where Are We?

The Sioux

The LandThe Land

The Great PlainsThe Great Plains

Basic NeedsBasic NeedsConclude, using what you know Conclude, using what you know

about their environment:about their environment:FoodFood

HuntHunt Fish Fish CultivateCultivateClothingClothing

Animal skins or Plants?Animal skins or Plants?ShelterShelter

What natural resource did they use?What natural resource did they use?

Answer: Walking Wal-martAnswer: Walking Wal-mart•The Sioux hunted.The women harvested corn.

•Example: Bison

•Their clothing was made of animal skin.

•Their shelter was made of animal skin: a tepee

Unique CharacteristicUnique Characteristic

The Sioux were The Sioux were nomadic. nomadic.

The Sioux moved The Sioux moved to follow their food to follow their food source.source. (No permanent address) (No permanent address)

Moving West…Moving West…•Located in the southwest

•Present day Arizona & New Mexico

Meet the Pueblo people

RegionRegion- Basin & Range- Basin & RangeGeographyGeography- Areas of varying - Areas of varying elevation, containing isolated elevation, containing isolated mountain ranges, and Death mountain ranges, and Death Valley There were not many Valley There were not many trees. The soil was sandy.trees. The soil was sandy.

ClimateClimate- Hot and dry, not much - Hot and dry, not much rainrain

Where Are We?Where Are We?

The Pueblo

The LandThe Land

Describe the Climate and Describe the Climate and GeographyGeography

1.What was the climate like?

2.Describe the land.

3.Were there forests?

4.What river runs through this region?

1.1. The climate was hot and dryThe climate was hot and dry2.2. The land was varied, with The land was varied, with

mountains, cliffs, and basins. mountains, cliffs, and basins. 3.3. There were few trees.There were few trees.4.4. The Colorado river runs The Colorado river runs

through this region. It helped through this region. It helped carve the Grand Canyon in carve the Grand Canyon in present-day Arizona.present-day Arizona.

Basic NeedsBasic NeedsConclude, how the Pueblo people Conclude, how the Pueblo people

managed to survive in this harsh managed to survive in this harsh environment.environment.

FoodFoodHuntHunt Fish Fish CultivateCultivate

ClothingClothingAnimal skins or Plants?Animal skins or Plants?

ShelterShelterWhat natural resource did they use?What natural resource did they use?

FoodFoodThey cultivated their food. (farmed)They cultivated their food. (farmed)

CORN BEANS SQUASH

(GREW SURPLUS AND STORED THE EXTRA FOOD)

ClothingClothing PLANTSPLANTS They cultivated cotton.They cultivated cotton. They wove the cotton.They wove the cotton.

SHELTERSHELTERThey used stones and mud to make

adobe bricks.

There homes were called Pueblos by the Spanish.

Unique CharacteristicUnique Characteristic

1.The Pueblo people dug irrigation ditches to bring water to their crops.

2.They made pottery.

3.They wove cloth.

Moving West & Moving West & North…North…(it’ too hot!)(it’ too hot!)

•Located along the Pacific coast in present-day Washington state and Canada

•Contains the Cascade Mountains

•Columbia River located here

RegionRegion- Coastal Range- Coastal Range GeographyGeography- Rugged mountains - Rugged mountains

and fertile valleys, located along and fertile valleys, located along the Pacific Ocean, foreststhe Pacific Ocean, forests

ClimateClimate- Rainy and mild- Rainy and mild

Where Are We?Where Are We?

The Kwakiutl

The LandThe Land

Let’s Talk Climate:Let’s Talk Climate:

RainyRainy (This area gets a great deal of rain.) (This area gets a great deal of rain.)

Ocean CurrentsOcean Currents (Influence the (Influence the climate, making the temperatures mild)climate, making the temperatures mild)

Basic NeedsBasic NeedsConclude, how the Kwakiutl people Conclude, how the Kwakiutl people

managed to survive in this managed to survive in this environment.environment.

FoodFoodHuntHunt Fish Fish CultivateCultivate

ClothingClothingAnimal skins or Plants?Animal skins or Plants?

ShelterShelterWhat natural resource did they use?What natural resource did they use?

FoodFood Mostly they FISHED. (Salmon)Mostly they FISHED. (Salmon) They ate other foods of course.They ate other foods of course.

ClothingClothing They used plants. (Cedar bark)They used plants. (Cedar bark) They also used Animal skins.They also used Animal skins.

A cedar bark cape.Native dancer

SHELTERSHELTER•They used plants to build their shelter. (Trees)

•Their houses were called Plank houses.

Unique CharacteristicsUnique Characteristics

They held lavish parties called They held lavish parties called

““Potlatches”.Potlatches”. They carved Totem Poles.They carved Totem Poles. They tradedThey traded They stored their food.They stored their food.

Tools Of The TradeTools Of The Trade

Above: Fishing net Below: Drying rack

Above: Trading boat Below: Tools

Moving North…Moving North…•Hundreds of lakes carved by glaciers

•Wrapped around the Hudson Bay in a horseshoe shape

•Oldest rock formations in N. America

•Hills worn by erosion

Name this region.

Region: Canadian ShieldRegion: Canadian Shield

What is the climate like?What is the climate like?

It’s COLD!It’s COLD! Frozen tundra, with temperatures Frozen tundra, with temperatures

below freezing much of the yearbelow freezing much of the year

Where Are We?Where Are We?

The Inuit

The LandThe Land

Basic NeedsBasic NeedsConclude, how the Inuit people managed Conclude, how the Inuit people managed

to survive in this cold environment.to survive in this cold environment.FoodFood

HuntHunt Fish Fish CultivateCultivate

ClothingClothing

Animal skins or Plants?Animal skins or Plants?

ShelterShelter

What natural resource did they use?What natural resource did they use?

FoodFood•The Inuit fished and hunted.

•Their main food was fish.

They also ate: Whales, seals, walrus, and caribou.

ClothingClothing They used animal skins and furs.They used animal skins and furs.

SHELTERSHELTER They used ice blocks to make their shelters.They used ice blocks to make their shelters. Their shelters were called IgloosTheir shelters were called Igloos They also used animal skins to make skin They also used animal skins to make skin

tent shelters.tent shelters.

Inuit harpoon