First Aid:

Burns, Open Wounds

and More

Terms to Know• Burns

• Bruises

• Closed Wounds

• Open Wounds

• Abrasions

• Lacerations

• Punctures

• Avulsions

A special kind of soft tissue injury

Classified by sources:

• Heat

• Chemicals

• Electricity

• Radiation (including by the sun)

Burns

Burns: Classified by Depth

• Superficial ( 1st degree) Sunburn

• Partial ( 2nd degree) Hot water, stove

• Full thickness (3rd degree) Fire

Burn Treatment

• Check the scene

• Remove person from the source of burn

• Check for life-threatening conditions

• Cool burn with large amounts of cold running water

Call 911 if the burned person:

• Has trouble breathing

• Has burns covering more than one body part or a large surface area

• Has burns to airway

• Burns to head, neck, hands, feet or genitals

Don’ts for Burn Treatment

• Touch a burn with anything but a clean dressing• Remove pieces of clothing attached to burn

• Break blisters• Try to clean a severe burn

• Use any kind of ointment on a severe burn

Rescue 911

• Christmas Tree Fire

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6I4jUqd3jK0&feature=related• Potpourri Fire

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K5cnwZzGaAk

Wounds

Soft Tissue Injuries

• Soft tissue includes the layer of skin, fat and muscle

• Cuts, scrapes and bruises – called wounds.

There are 2 types of wounds:• Closed • Open

Closed Wounds

Example: Simplest is a bruise.

Could be more serious.

Call 911 if :• A person complains of severe pain or cannot move a

body part without pain• You think the force that caused the injury was great

enough to cause serious damage• An injured extremity is blue or extremely pale

Bruises (aka Contusions)

Causes:•When tiny blood vessels are damaged or broken as the result of a blow to the skin•Can result from other injuries to area

(ankle ligament sprain)

Closed Wound Treatment

• Apply ice for first 48-72 hours

• On and off in 20 minute increments

• Apply compression with ace wrap

Provides:

-Support

-Decreases swelling

Open Wounds: Types

• Abrasions – scrape, rug burn, a road rash or a strawberry

• Laceration – a cut in the skin caused by a sharp object like a knife, scissors or broken glass.

Open Wounds

• Avulsions – an injury in which a portion of the skin and sometimes other soft tissue is partially or completely torn away (amputation)

• Punctures – a pointed object piercing the skin. A gunshot wound is also a puncture wound.

Minor Open Wound Treatment

– Use barrier between your hand and the wound

– Apply direct pressure for a few minutes to control the bleeding

– Wash the wound with soap and water

– If no allergies, apply antibiotic ointment

– Cover the wound with sterile bandages

Minor Open Wound Treatment

Bandages are used to:

• Hold dressings in place• Control bleeding• Protect wounds• Provide support to an

injured limb or body part.

Major Open Wound Treatment

--Call 911– Control bleeding

• Cover wound with dressing and press against wound.

• Apply a pressure bandage over dressing. • If blood soaks through – Do NOT remove bandage• Add more bandage on top.

**** Monitor the persons airway, breathing and circulation

When are stitches needed?

– Rule of thumb:Stitches are needed when…..

– edges of skin do not fall together

– the laceration involves the face

– when any wound is over ½ inch long

Preventing Disease Transmission

Follow these guidelines when giving 1st aid to help decrease risk of getting or transmitting an infectious disease:

- Avoid contact with blood & other body fluids

- Use protective breathing barriers

- Use disposable gloves- Do not touch anything soiled

in blood

Using Gloves

•Wash your hands with soap and Wash your hands with soap and water after giving care even if you water after giving care even if you are wearing glovesare wearing gloves

•Tell EMS if you come in contact Tell EMS if you come in contact with bloodwith blood

Why do you think it is important to Why do you think it is important to avoid contact with blood????avoid contact with blood????

Cleaning up a blood spill

• Clean up spill IMMEDIATELY after it occurs

• Use disposable gloves and other protective equipment

• Wipe up spill with paper towels or something else durable

• After the area has been wiped up use 1 ½ cups of liquid chlorine bleach : 1 gallon of fresh water and let stand for 10 minutes

• Dispose in Biohazard container

Scenario 1

Minor Wound Treatment

Scrape, cut on wrist

Partner Set Up

• Partner #1: Victim

• Partner #2: Set Up of treatment

• Partner: First Responder

Scenario 2

Bee sting on palm of hand

Scenario 3 Bruise to forearm

Rescue 911• Window Cuts Boy Part 1

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zxoPX1gqyHc

• Window Cuts Boy Part 2

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oL2PIiTKyB4

• Jagged Edge Rescue Part 1

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mvm0FZFfNs&feature=results_video&playnext=1&list=PL0EC95EC6A90C30EB

• Jagged Edge Rescue Part 2

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D454zCQlWvQ&feature=related