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September 24, 2014 UL and the UL logo are Trademarks of UL © 2014

Rich Walke UL Codes and Advisory Services

Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction

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Rich Walke

• 29 years conducting and supervising investigations on surface flammability, factory built air duct products, fire-resistance-rated construction, firestop systems, joint systems and perimeter fire containment systems

• Developed test method and test equipment for testing joint systems and perimeter fire containment systems

• Established an Architectural Services Group at UL • 9 years in Codes and Advisory Services Department • Spearheading effort to revamp UL’s Fire-Resistance

certification information

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Agenda

• UL’s Codes and Advisory Services Department

• Fire Resistance-Rated Construction • Definitions • Code Requirements • Establishing Fire-Resistance Ratings • Methods of Showing Code Compliance • Navigating the UL Directories

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Agenda Cont.

• UL’s Online Resources • Permitted Changes to Designs • Engineering Judgments • Plan Review / Inspection Process

• Openings in Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction

• Summary and Closing

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UL’s Codes and Advisory Services Department

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Support for Regulatory Community

•  Product Directories • Newsletters

• The Code Authority • Fire & Security Authority • TCA – Electrical Connections • EPH RegULator

• ULtimate Email •  Training Seminars • Code Development •  Technical Assistance

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For Technical Assistance, Call

(800) 595 – 9844 or

[email protected]

Technical Support

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Fire Resistive Construction

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Which Code applies? It depends!!!

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Code Requirements for Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction

• IBC Section 703.2 – Fire-resistance ratings shall be determined in accordance with ANSI/UL 263 or ASTM E 119

• LSC 8.2.3.1 – The fire resistance of structural elements and building assemblies shall be determined in accordance with test procedures set forth in NFPA 251 (i.e. ANSI/UL 263 or ASTM E 119)

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Fire Resistance

• Expressed as an Hourly Time Period • Ratings range from 1/2 to 4 hours • Containment of Fire to Room or Floor of

Origin

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Establishing Fire-Resistance

Ratings

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Standards

• ANSI / UL 263 • ASTM E 119 • NFPA 251

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Building Components

• Columns • Beams • Floor/Ceilings or Roof/Ceilings • Walls

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Temp

(ºF)

Time (Hr)

Time - Temperature Curve

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Walls

• Sample size - 100 sq ft / 9 ft • Load applied - Per design

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Conditions of Acceptance – Walls

• Flame passage • 250ºF / 325ºF • Support load • Hose stream

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Methods of Showing Code Compliance

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• 703.2 – Fire-resistance ratings shall be determined in accordance with ASTM E 119 or UL 263

• 703.3 – Methods for determining fire resistance shall be based on fire exposure and acceptance criteria of ASTM E 119 or UL 263

Methods of Showing Compliance with the Fire Resistance Requirements of the FBC

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Methods of Showing Compliance with the Fire Resistance Requirements of the FBC • 703.3 Cont. – Required fire resistance

permitted to be established based on any of the following: • Designs documented from approved sources • Prescriptive requirements from Section 720 • Calculations in accordance with Section 721 • Engineering analysis based on ASTM E 119 or UL 263

• Alternative protection methods as allowed in Section 104.11

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Designs Documented From Approved Sources

• Product Directories of Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratories • UL – Fire Resistance Directory, Fire Resistance Directory on CD-ROM and Online Certifications Directory

• FM Global – Factory Mutual Approval Guide • Intertek – Intertek Directories of Certified Products

• Southwest Research Institute – Directory of Tested Products

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Designs Documented From Approved Sources Cont.

• Gypsum Association - Fire Resistance Design Manual

• American Insurance Services Group, Inc. (210) 469 – 3922 - Fire Resistance Ratings

• BOCA - Guidelines for Determining Fire Resistance Ratings of Building Elements

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Designs Documented From Approved Sources Cont.

• ASCE / SFPE 29 – Standard Calculation Methods for Structural Fireproofing

• ACI 261.1 / TMS 0216.1 – Standard Method for Determining Fire Resistance of Concrete and Masonry Construction Assemblies

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Prescriptive Fire Resistance Section 720 of the FBC

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Calculated Fire Resistance Section 721 of the FBC

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Engineering Analysis Based on ASTM E 119 or UL 263

• Engineering judgments • Product manufacturer • Testing laboratory • Fire protection engineer • Professional engineer

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Alternate Materials, Design and Methods of Construction and Equipment • Allows authority having jurisdiction to

accept other information to show compliance • Evaluation Services Reports

• IAPMO Evaluation Services • ICC Evaluation Services • UL Evaluation Services

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Navigating the UL Directories

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Navigating the UL Directories

Hard Copy

CD-ROM

Online

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Fire Resistance Directory

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Fire Resistance Directory

• Volume 1 – Columns, Beams, Floor/Ceilings, Roof/Ceilings and Walls

• Volumes 2A & 2B – Joint Systems, Perimeter Fire Containment Systems, and Through-Penetration Firestop Systems

• Volume 3 – Dampers, Fire Doors, Door Frames and Glazing

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Organization Under Each Product Area

• Guide Information • Designs, Systems or Assemblies • Product Categories (indexed by

manufacturer’s names)

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Guide Information

• Equipment, materials or systems included in the Category

• Intended use, restrictions or supplemental information that apply

• Standard(s) used to evaluate products under the Category

• Listing or Classification Mark information for the Category

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Designs

• Each design contains specific construction features

• Many designs contain various options and various ratings

• Must be followed exactly for rating to apply

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Product Categories

• Located near end of Volume 1 of Fire Resistance Directory

• Each Product Category describes some generic family of products (e.g. Acoustical Materials)

• Each Product Category contains the manufacturers and designations of products tested and specified in the designs

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Product Categories Cont.

• Manufacturers arranged alphabetically within Product Category

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UL’s Online Search Tools

• Online Certifications Directory

• ULtimate Fire Wizard • Code Correlation Database

on UL PRODUCT SPEC™

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Online Certifications Directory

• Helps you achieve code compliance • Is continuously updated • Needs no password • Is free – no charge for use • www.ul.com/database

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ULtimate Fire Wizard

• Helps identify designs meeting project parameters

• Needs no password • Is free – no charge for use • Saves search results in Design Lists • www.ul.com/firewizard

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Code Correlation Database

• Correlates model code sections to UL product categories

• Covers many model codes and editions (IBC, IFC, NEC, etc.)

• Flexible search capabilities • Powerful tool to locate appropriate Listings • www.ul.com/codelink

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Permitted Changes to

Designs – Wood Frame and Light

Gauge Steel Construction

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Walls and Partitions

• Rating applies when either face exposed to fire, unless otherwise noted

• Unsymmetrical walls tested from both sides • Exterior walls may only require rating from

inside face • Load bearing rating applies to non load

bearing applications

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Walls and Partitions Cont.

• Walls are intended for interior applications unless otherwise specified (e.g. exterior use is obvious or design states “Investigated for Exterior Use”)

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Studs

• Size of studs specified is minimum • Gauge of steel studs specified is minimum • Stud spacing specified is maximum • Fire-retardant-treated wood studs may

used in lieu of specified non-treated wood studs

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Recessed (Can) Lighting

• Generic recessed luminaires not permitted unless covered in design

• Luminaires specifically tested and Listed for use in fire resistive construction covered in “Luminaires and Luminaire Assemblies Classified for Fire Resistance Category” (CDHW)

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Gypsum Board General Requirements

• Thickness may be increased providing fastener length is also increased

• Additional layers may be added • For designs reading “See Gypsum Board

(CKNX) Category for names of Classified Companies” any gypsum board Classified for fire resistance and meeting the description contained in the design may be used

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Gypsum Board on Walls

• Vertically applied board is board installed with the long edge parallel to the framing

• Horizontally applied board is board installed with the long edge perpendicular to the framing

• Board orientation shall be as specified in design

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Gypsum Board on Walls Cont.

• Except where board orientation is permitted to be horizontal, butt joints of vertically applied gypsum shall be backed.

• Horizontal butt joint on opposite sides of wall shall be staggered min 12 in. unless otherwise indicated

• Horizontal butt joint in adjacent layers on the same sides of wall shall be staggered min 12 in. unless otherwise indicated

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Gypsum Ceiling Control Joints

• Ceiling suspended below floor assembly • Guide describes control joints when

gypsum board is parallel to wood joists • Guide describes control joints when

gypsum board is perpendicular to wood joists

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Joint Treatment in Gypsum Construction

• Joints between adjacent sheets of gypsum board shall be treated with tape and one layer of compound unless otherwise indicated

• Base layer(s) in multi-layered designs need not be treated

• Joints in walls above ceiling which is part of a FRR floor-ceiling or roof-ceiling need not be treated

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Insulation

• Use of insulation shall be as specified in design

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Blanket Insulation in Horizontal Assemblies

• May cause premature disruption of ceiling membrane

• For certain assemblies, fiberglass insulation can be used with additional layer of gypsum board

• Otherwise, only permitted as specified

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Fasteners

• Cement coated box or cooler nails shall be used for securing gypsum board, unless otherwise specified in design

• Screws meeting ASTM C 1002 or C 954 may be substituted for nails providing head diameter and length are equal or larger than specified nail

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Outlet Boxes in Walls

• Metallic boxes may be installed in wall assemblies incorporating gypsum board protection providing: • Max 2 hr rated assemblies • Clearance not to exceed 1/8 in. • Area of each box not to exceed 16 sq in.

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Outlet Boxes in Walls Cont.

• Total area of boxes not to exceed 100 sq in. per 100 sq ft of wall surface

• Boxes on opposite sides of wall separated by min 24 in. or provided with heat barrier [generic non-listed product or listed protection (CLIV)]

• Nonmetallic boxes tested and listed (CEYY)

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Outlet Boxes in Ceilings

• Metallic boxes may be installed in F/C and R/C assemblies incorporating gypsum board protection providing: • Clearance not to exceed 1/8 in. • Area of each box not to exceed 16 sq in. • Total area of boxes not to exceed 100 sq in. per 100 sq ft of ceiling area

• Nonmetallic boxes tested and listed (CEYY)

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Upgrading Wall Ratings from 1 to 2 Hrs

• Five steel stud / gypsum board designs intended to permit upgrading from 1 to 2 hrs working from one side: • U408, U421, U453, U477, V449 • Use of these designs is predicated on the specified board being present on existing wall

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Upgrading Wall Ratings from 1 to 2 Hrs Cont.

• Tested shaft wall can always be built adjacent to existing 1 hr wall

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HVAC Openings in Gypsum Ceilings

•  Some assemblies with gypsum board ceilings have been tested with specific UL Classified Ceiling Radiation Dampers

•  In assemblies with gypsum board ceilings, damper may not be utilized if not specified in design

• Only those dampers specified in design may be used

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Permitted Changes to Designs –

Concrete and Steel

Construction

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HVAC Openings in Acoustical Ceilings

• Most acoustical ceilings are tested with generic hinged blade damper

• UL Classified Ceiling Damper, Ceiling Air Diffuser or Air Terminal Unit may be substituted for generic hinged blade damper

• Duct Protection Systems A and B may also be substituted per Guide Info

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Concrete Masonry Unit Walls

• Code requires CMU walls to be tested in accordance with UL 263 / ASTM E 119

• UL U900 series designs describe CMU walls

• Each designs describes use of listed block in conjunction with a specific mortar

• CMU shipment supplied with Certificate label covering a specific shipment to a specific job site

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Concrete Masonry Unit Walls Cont.

• D-2 Certificate equals “2 hr” block • C-3 Certificate equals “3 hr” block • B-4 Certificate equals “4 hr” block

• Some designs describe use of some other component to extend rating

• UL 618, FBC Prescriptive Section and industry trade associations provide prescriptive information on how to produce a rated block

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Concrete Masonry Unit Walls Cont.

• Many manufacturers self-certify to UL 618 • When block is self-certified, who confirms

block was produced in accordance with UL 618?

• When block is self-certified, what mortar is to be used?

• Can rating be extended through use of another component?

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Steel Joists

• Specified joist is minimum depth • Specified joist is minimum weight/foot • K-Series Joist may often substitute • Spacing between joists may be increased

to 4 ft OC providing: • Structural integrity of floor is maintained • Hanger wire spacing is not increased

• Bridging bar size is minimum

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Beam Size

• Larger beams may be substituted without restriction

• Larger is based on W/D ratio • Larger W/D yields greater fire resistance

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Column Size

• Larger columns may be substituted without restriction

• Based on W/D ratio • Larger W/D yields greater fire resistance

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Types of Direct Applied Protection Materials

• Spray-Applied Fire-Resistive Material (SFRM) • Cementitious mixture • Sprayed fiber

• Mastic Coating • Thin-Film Intumescent Material

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Application of Direct Applied Protection Materials

• Surface must be free of dirt, oil and loose scale

• Thickness and Density of SFRM determined per ASTM E 605

• Bond Strength of SFRM Determined per ASTM E 736

• Thickness of Thin-Film Intumescent Materials determined per AWCI Technical Manual 12-B

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Application of Direct Applied Protection Materials Cont.

• Any material removed by trades after application must be repaired

• If wall terminates at SFRM, the resulting Head-of-Wall Joint System dictates how to attach wall to SFRM protected element

Generally not acceptable

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Adjustment of Thickness of SFRM - Beams

• Not applicable to mastic and intumescent materials

• Coating material thickness on beams with lesser W/D requires adjustment and thickness on beams with greater W/D may be adjusted as follows:

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Adjustment of Thickness of SFRM - Columns

• Not applicable to mastic and intumescent materials

• Coating material thickness on columns with lesser W/D requires adjustment as follows:

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Engineering Judgments

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Engineering Judgments

• An Engineering Judgment is a letter or report issued by some knowledgeable party which evaluates the construction of some site-specific application which deviates from a tested design, system or assembly and concludes with a judgment of the applicable rating of that assembly

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Engineering Judgments Cont.

• Typically, an Engineering Judgment is used when a tested design, systems or assembly is unavailable

• Most often applied to fire resistive construction

• Must be acceptable to the Building Official or AHJ

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Who Issues Engineering Judgments?

• Who issues Engineering Judgments? • Professional engineer • Fire protection engineer • Manufacturer • Testing laboratory

• Individual issuing judgment must be acceptable to the Building Official or the AHJ

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IFC Guidelines

• Four Documents • Recommended IFC Guidelines for Evaluating Firestop Systems in Engineering Judgments (EJs) • Covers firestops, joint systems and grease/air duct assemblies

• Perimeter fire barrier systems • Fire resistant duct enclosure systems for commercial kitchen exhaust ducts

• Fire resistant duct enclosure systems for ventilation ducts

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Summary of Engineering Judgments

• Emphasizes importance of tested designs • Not a substitute for existing designs • Should be issued only by those who know

the components • Based on sound engineering practices and

knowledge of performance of the designs • Based on interpolation of previous testing • Issued only for a specific jobsite • Presented in clear detail

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Plan Review / Inspection

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For the Contractor

2) A set of build-‐instruc3ons

1)  Evidence of compliance

UL Designs serve two roles:

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For the Building or Fire Official

1)  Evidence of compliance

UL Designs serve two roles:

2) Document by which to inspect

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Plan Review

• 107.2.1 - Construction documents shall be of sufficient clarity to indicate the location, nature and extent of the work proposed and show in detail that it will conform to the provisions of this code …

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Plan Review Cont.

• Details showing compliance with the fire-resistive requirements of the IBC should be included on the plans and in the specifications

• Recommended that the UL designs (or others) be imported into the plans

• Importing designs into plans does NOT violate UL copyright requirements

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Available Resources

• Association of Wall and Ceilings Industry (AWCI) – www.awci.org

• Firestop Contractors International Association (FCIA) – www.fcia.org

• Fire Safe North America (FSNA) – www.firesafenorthamerica.org

• Gypsum Association (GA) – www.gypsum.org

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Available Resources Cont.

• International Firestop Council (IFC) – www.firestop.org

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Openings in Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction

• Penetrations (Section 713) • Fire-Resistant Joint Systems (Section 714) • Opening Protectives (Section 715) • Ducts and Air Transfer Openings (Section

716)

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Openings in Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction Cont.

Do openings really impact the performance of a fire-resistance-rated assembly?

Absolutely!!!

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Openings in Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction Cont.

•  Unsealed or improperly sealed openings cost lives and property! • MGM Grand, Las Vegas, NV – Fire confined to 1st floor.

Eighty-four fatalities, most on upper floors. • Hilton Hotel, Las Vegas, NV – Fire spread from 8th to 23rd

floor in 25 minutes at exterior of building. Eight fatalities. • First Interstate Bank, Los Angeles, CA – Fire spread from

12th to 16th floor through improperly protected penetrations and through unprotected perimeter joint. One fatality.

• One Meridian Plaza, Philadelphia, PA – Fire spread from 22nd to 30th floor through improperly protected penetrations and through perimeter joint. Three fatalities.

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Thank You for Attending!!!

Rich Walke Codes and Advisory Services Department

Underwriters Laboratories 333 Pfingsten Road

Northbrook, IL 60062 [email protected]

(847) 664-3084

www.ul.com