www.oics.wa.gov.au

Level 5, Albert Facey House, 469 Wellington Street Perth, Western Australia 6000Telephone: +61 8 6551 4200 Facsimile: +61 8 6551 4216

Fine defaulters in the Western Australian prison system

April 2016

7469 OICS Fine defaulters review V1.indd 1 13/4/16 8:50 AM

ISBN: 978-0-9942293-3-5

This report is available on the Office’s website and will be made available, upon request, in alternate formats.

The reviews undertaken as part of the Office of the Inspector of Custodial Services’Snapshot Series are designed to provide a brief summary of an issue or trend in theWestern Australian custodial environment. This review seeks to clarify the trendsaround the number of fine defaulters in prisons, as well as who these fine defaultprisoners are and the impact that they are having on the custodial estate.

The information examined is obtained through the Department of Corrective Services’ offender database, Total Offender Management Solution (TOMS), and other open source data. The Departments of Corrective Services and the Attorney General have reviewed this report and provided feedback which has been taken into consideration.

This report does not make any recommendations but does raise some important issues and presents key findings.

7469 OICS Fine defaulters review V1.indd 2 13/4/16 8:50 AM

Contents

1 Inspector’sOverview..............................................................................................................................i

2 Background................................................................................................................................................1

RecentMediaAttention........................................................................................................................2

ComparisonofJurisdictions................................................................................................................2

ScopeandLimitations...........................................................................................................................3

3 OverallTrendsforFineDefaulters...................................................................................................5

TrendsinReceptionNumbers...........................................................................................................5

LengthofPrisonStay.............................................................................................................................7

ReceptionsbyFacility.........................................................................................................................10

4 DemographicsofFineDefaulters..................................................................................................12

TrendsinReceptionNumbers........................................................................................................14

5 OffenceTypesRelatedtoFinesIssued........................................................................................16

6 FinancialCostofIncarceratingFineDefaulters......................................................................17

AppendixA:KeyFindings...........................................................................................................................19

AppendixB:Methodology...........................................................................................................................20

AppendixC:ReferenceList.........................................................................................................................23

AppendixD:Abbreviationsused..............................................................................................................25

i

1 Inspector’sOverview

ScopeofreportandkeypolicyquestionsTheimprisonmentoffinedefaultersinWesternAustralianprisonshasbeena

contentiousissueforsometime.Debateshavecentredaroundthenumberofdefaulters

inprison,theirimpactonanalready-crowdedprisonsystem,thecostofshorttermsof

imprisonmentforfinedefault,andwhetherthestateistooquicktoimprisonfine

defaultersratherthanusingalternatives.Verydifferentviewshavebeenputastothe

extentoftheproblemandthepotentialsolutions,andthematterhasgeneratedpolitical

division.

Someoftheissuesinvolvedinfinedefaultarebeyondourjurisdictionastheyinvolve

thepowersandpracticesofthecourts,thepolice,andthefineenforcementsectionsof

theDepartmentoftheAttorneyGeneral.Attimesduringthisreview,somepeoplein

somegovernmentdepartmentscomplainedthatweweregoingbeyondourjurisdiction

inundertakingthiswork.Thatisclearlynotso:Iamlegislativelymandatedtoprovide

independentoversightofmattersthatimpactonprisons.Thesenecessarilyextendto

matterssuchasthenumberoffinedefaulters;theirprofile(includingtheiroffending,

anddemographics);theirimpactontheprisonpopulationandtheoperationofprisons;

thecostsoftheirincarceration;andtheirwelfareandtreatmentinprison.Ihavea

legislativeresponsibilitytoreportindependentlytoParliamentonsuchissuesifI

believethistobenecessaryorappropriate.

ThereportfocusesprimarilyontheperiodfromJuly2006toJune2015.Themost

importantsinglefindingisthatwhilethenumberofpeoplereceivedintoprisoneach

yearforfinedefaulthasincreasedmarkedly,therearefewpeopleinprisonforfine

defaultatanygiventime.Thisisbecausefinedefaulterstendtoserveveryshort

periodsincustody:their‘turnover’ishighbuttheirstayisshort.

Thepolicyimplicationsofthisareclear.First,reducingthenumberoffinedefaultersin

prisonwillnotleadtoasignificantreductionineithertotalprisonernumbersorthe

extentofovercrowdingintheprisons.AsweandtheAuditorGeneralreportedin2015,

themain‘target’foranyoneseekingtoreducetheprisonpopulationshouldbethe

alarmingriseinthenumberofpeopleheldonpre-trialremand(OfficeoftheAuditor

ii

General[OAG]2015;OfficeoftheInspectorofCustodialServices[OICS]2015a).Atthe

timeofwriting,theremandpopulationcomprisesover29percentofthetotalprison

population,upfrom16percentadecadeago

Ontheotherhand,however,havingpeople‘churning’inandoutofcustodyforshort

periodsforfinedefaultisfinanciallycostly(severalmilliondollarseachyear),socially

undesirable,andriskyanddisruptiveforprisons.Itisthereforeincumbentonallagencies

toensurethateverythingpossibleisdonetoreducethischurn.

Significantly,thisreporthasalsorevealeddemographicdifferences,withAboriginal

womenbeingbyfarthemostlikelycohorttobeinprisonforfinedefault.Thedeathof

MsDhuinpolicecustodyliesoutsideourjurisdiction.However,thecurrentcoronial

inquestintoherdeathhasaddedpoignancyandurgencytoourfindings.

Whatarethenumbers?InthenineyearperiodbetweenJuly2006andJune2015anaverageof803people

enteredtheprisonsystemforunpaidfineseachyear.However,thepatternshavebeen

veryuneven.Thefollowingtableillustratestwokeypoints:

1. Thenumberoffinedefaultreceptionshasgrownmarkedly2. Thereceptionrateforfinedefaulthasgrownmuchfasterthantheoverall

receptionrate.FinedefaultreceptionsasaproportionoftotalprisonreceptionsfromJuly2006toJune

2015

Financialyear Finedefaultreceptions

Totalreceptions

Proportionoffinedefaultreceptions

2006/2007 177 6607 1.80%2007/2008 442 7201 6.10%2008/2009 396 7562 5.20%2009/2010 1018 7062 14.40%2010/2011 1480 7119 20.70%2011/2012 1081 7535 14.30%2012/2013 1304 8130 16%2013/2014 1127 8051 13.90%2014/2015 603 8364 7.20%

iii

2014/2015sawawelcomeandsharpdecreaseinthenumberoffinedefaultreceptions.

However,numbersstillremainwellabove2008/2009levels.Itistooearlytoknow

whethertheywillgobackupagain.

Whytheincreaseinreceptions?Thereasonsfortheincreaseinfinedefaultreceptionsarenotclearbutitislikelya

numberoflegislativeandpolicychangeshadanimpact.

First,anumberoflegislativeamendmentscameintoeffectinMarch2008.Themost

notableofthesewasthatpeoplewerenowableto‘cutout’multiplefinesconcurrently

ratherthancumulatively.Thismeantthatapersonwithmultiplefineswouldonlyhave

toservesufficienttimeinprisontopayoffthelargestfineattherateof$250perday.As

aresult,thenumberofdaysofimprisonmentrequiredtocutoutmultipleunpaidfines

reducedsignificantly.However,the2008amendmentsdidnotalterthewayfinescould

beworkedoffbyundertakingcommunitywork,stillrequiringthemtobeworkedoffon

acumulativebasis.Ithasbeenhypothesisedthatmorepeoplemaynow,ineffect,be

‘electing’togotoprisontoclearmultiplefinesratherthanundertakingapaymentplan

orcommunitywork.Itwasbeyondthescopeofthisreviewtotestthishypothesis.It

appearsplausibleinsomecasesbutiscertainlynotlikelytobeacompleteexplanation.

Andbetterevidence,notsuppositionoranecdote,isneeded.

Asecondchangewhichmayhaveimpactedonthenumberoffinedefaultreceptions

wasa2009policywherebyastricterapproachwastakentopeoplewhobreached

conditionsonWorkDevelopmentOrders(WDOs).Againwhilethisappearsplausiblein

somecases,itisunlikelytoaccountforall.And,again,hardevidenceisneededifthe

rightpolicyresponsesaretobemade.

Furtherlegislativeamendments,whichcameintoeffectin2012,enhancedthe

enforcementmeasuresavailableasanalternativetoimprisonment,includingwheel

clampingofvehicles,removalofnumberplatesandseizureofgoods.InNewSouth

Wales,QueenslandandVictoriatheintroductionofsuchmeasuresappearstohave

reducedthenumberoffinedefaultimprisonments.

iv

ShortstaysandlownumbersonanygivendayFromJuly2006toJune2015,therewere7462prisonreceptionsinWesternAustralia

solelyforfinedefault.Themajorityofthesewereforveryshortperiodsof

imprisonment.Theeffecthasbeenaveryhighchurnrateforreceivingprisonsbutlow

numbersoffinedefaultersinprisononanygivenday.

AnalysisofdailydataforNovember2015showedthatonaveragetherewereonly11

finedefaultersinprisononanygivenday.Therewasnothingtosuggestthiswasnota

reasonablyindicativefigureforalongertimeperiod.

Priortothe2008amendments,theaveragelengthofimprisonmentforfinedefaulters

was40days.Sincetheseamendmentsthefigurehasdroppedto4.5days.Thiswasan

acrosstheboardreductionandwasnotimpactedbyparticulardemographic

considerationssuchasgenderorAboriginality.Almost80percentoffinedefaulters

nowservelessthanaweekinprison,and22percentservelessthan48hours.

CostsItisfarmoreexpensiveperdaytohouseshortstayprisonersthanlongerterm

prisoners.TheDepartmentofCorrectiveServices(theDepartment)doesnothave

robustfiguresbuthastoldusandtheAuditorGeneralthatitestimatesthatshortstays

ofuptoaweekcostaround$770perday,morethandoubletheoverallaveragecostof

$332perprisonerperday.

InsimpletermsitseemsthatbetweenJuly2006andJune2014justunder$55million

worthofunpaidfineswasclearedby7462prisonreceptionsforfinedefault.Intotal,

7025peopleservedjustover54,800daysinprison.UsingtheDepartment’sestimated

figureforthecostofshorttermimprisonmentprisonersof$770perday,thecostwas

$42million.Thisfiguredoesnotincludeotherjusticesystemcosts,suchasthecosts

incurredbypolice,thecourtsandthetransportofpeopletoprison.Thesecostscanbe

verysubstantialintheregions.

Whoisinprison,wherearethey,andwhatweretheiroffences?ThetwomainmetropolitanreceptionprisonsareHakeaPrisonandBandyupWomen’s

Prison.Notsurprisingly,thesetwoprisonsaccountforthemajorityoffinedefault

receptions.Hakeaaccountsforalmosthalfofallfinedefaultreceptionsanddaysserved,

v

andBandyupforalmost15percent.Asaconsequenceofgrowingremandnumbers,

thesetwoprisonsarealreadyunderthegreateststressintermsofprisonernumbers

andoccupancyrates.Thepressurestheyfaceareexacerbatedbytheneedtoprocess

finedefaultersinandout.Medicalandreceptionservicesatsmallregionalprisonssuch

asBroomearealsounderseriousstress(OfficeoftheInspectorofCustodialServices

[OICS]2015b).

Thisreportalsoshowssometroublinggenderandracedifferences.Womenare

disproportionatelyrepresentedinthefinedefaultpopulation,particularlyAboriginal

women.Acrossthewholereviewperiod,Aboriginalwomencomprisedonly15percent

oftotalprisonerreceptionsbut22percentoffinedefaultreceptions.Furthermore,

Aboriginalpeoplecomprised64percentoffemalefinedefaultersandonly38percent

ofmalefinaldefaulters.

Peoplewhoareunemployedorinlowerpayingoccupationsmakeupahighproportion

oftotalfinedefaultreceptions.Almost24percentofthetotalfinedefaulterpopulation

werecategorisedasunemployedatthetimeoftheirreceptionintoprison.Therewas

alsoaremarkablecontrastinthedatabetweenmenandwomen.Atthetimeoftheir

receptionintoprisonover73percentoffemalefinedefaulterswereconsideredtobe

unemployed.Bycomparisononly10percentofmalefinedefaulterswereconsideredto

beunemployedatthattime.Additionally,ofthewomenwhowereconsideredtobe

unemployedpriortotheirentryintoprison,64percentwereAboriginal.

Basedonananalysisofavailabledata,themajorityofoffences(54%)forwhichpeople

werejailedfornon-paymentoffineswerefortrafficrelatedoffences,includingdrink

drivinganddrivingwithoutalicence.

LookingaheadReducingthenumberofpeopleinprisonforfinedefaultwillnotreducethestate’s

risingdailyimprisonmentratebecausefinedefaultersconstituteonlyonein500

prisoners.However,theflowofpeopleintocustodyforshortperiodsforfinedefault

hasincreasedmarkedlysince2008.

Inconsideringfutureoptions,itisimportanttoreflectonthejustificationfor

imprisonmentforfinedefault.Bydefinition,peoplewhohavebeenfinedforanoffence

vi

donotdeservetobeinprisonfortheiroffence.Infact,whenacourtfinessomeone,it

hasexplicitlyruledoutusingtougheroptionssuchasimmediateimprisonment,a

suspendedsentence,acommunitybasedorderoranintensivesupervisionorder.In

effect,imprisonmentforfinedefaultisimprisonmentfornon-compliancewithacourt

order.

Thereislittledoubtthatimprisonmentneedstoremainastheultimatedeterrentfor

peoplewhowilfullyrefusetopayortoengageinothermeasurestoworkofffines.

However,itisacostlywaytotackletheproblem,andonethatimposessignificant

burdensonouralreadyseverelystretchedprisons.Wealsoneedbetterinformationon

howmanyfinedefaultersreallyaretrulywilful(inotherwords,theyareabletopaybut

choosenotto)andhowmanyaregenuinelyunabletopayortocomplywithoptions

suchascommunitywork.Theevidencepresentedinthisreportislimitedbutgives

causeforconcern,asAboriginalwomen,andespeciallyunemployedAboriginalwomen,

arethemostlikelytobeimprisonedfordefault.

Inshort,thenumberofpeopleinprisonforfinedefaultatanygiventimeissmall.

However,itisincumbentonGovernment,workingwithrelevantDepartments,Agencies

andthenot-for-profitsector,toexamineinnovativewaystoreducetheflowofpeople

intoprisonforfinedefaultandtoreducethesocialandfinancialcostsofshortterm

incarceration.

Imprisonmentmustbetheoptionoflastresortandthelawshouldimpactequallyonall.

However,imprisonmentforfinedefaultiscurrentlyimpactingdisproportionatelyon

Aboriginalwomen,alreadyavulnerableanddisadvantagedgroup.Thecoronialinquest

intothetragicdeathincustodyofMsDhuhasaddedstarkrealitytothismessage.

NeilMorgan3April2016

1

2 Background

2.1 InWesternAustralia,whenapersonisunableorrefusestopayafineissuedby

thecourts,furtherpenaltiescanbeapplied.Thesepenaltiescaninclude:

suspensionofdriver’slicences,additionalenforcementcosts,immobilisationof

theperson’svehicle,seizureofownedgoods,andcommunityservice/workand

developmentorders.Ifthepersonfailstopayorclearafineeitherbymeansofa

paymentplanorthroughcompletingaworkanddevelopmentorder(WDO)they

maybesenttoprisonbymeansofawarrantofcommitmentissuedbythecourts

(DepartmentoftheAttorneyGeneral2015).

2.2 AmendmentbillstotheFines,PenaltiesandInfringementNoticesEnforcementAct

1994,theSentencingAct1995andtheSentencingAdministrationAct2003were

firstintroducedtoParliamentin2006andcameintoeffecton21March2008.

Theobjectivesoftheamendmentsweretoimprovethemanagementoffines

enforcementinWesternAustralia,withtheintentiontocreateafairerandmore

efficientfinesadministrationsystem.

2.3 Priortotheseamendments,peoplewhowereservedawarrantofcommitment

forfailingtopaytheirfinesand/orbreachingaWDOwererequiredto‘cutout’

theirfinescumulatively.The2008amendmentallowedpeopletoservemultiple

sentencesforfinedefaultconcurrently,effectivelyonlyservingthenumberof

daysequivalenttotheirlargestfine.Forexample;ifapersonhadtwofines,one

of$500andtheother$1,000,beforethe2008changestheywouldserveatotal

ofsixdays,twodaysforthe$500andfourdaysforthe$1,000.Afterthechanges,

however,thatsamepersonwouldonlyservefourdays,theperiodequivalentto

thelarger,$1,000fine.

2.4 Whilefinescannowbe‘cutout’byservingprisontimeconcurrently,community

workforfinesmustbeworkedoffcumulatively(thatisat$250perday).This

hascreatedasituationwherethelengthofimprisonmentislessthanthedays

requiredtoserveaWDO.

2.5 In2009policychangesledtostricterbreachconditionsforWDO’s,which

resultedinahighernumberofpeoplewithincompleteWDO’ssubsequently

2

beingissuedwarrantsofcommitment.Itisthesewarrantsthatleadto

imprisonmentforfinedefaults.

2.6 InformationtabledintheLegislativeAssemblyon16September2014showsa

dramaticincreaseinfinedefaultsfrom2008to2013(Francis2014).This

increasehasafinancialcostattachedtoit.Whilefinescanbe‘paid’atan

approximaterateof$250perday,aratereportedlyappealingtopeoplefromlow

incomehouseholds(WALaborParty2014),itcostsonaverageapproximately

$332perdaytoholdanadultinaprisonfacility(DepartmentofCorrective

Services2015).

2.7 FurtherlegislativeamendmentsweremadetotheFines,Penaltiesand

InfringementNoticesEnforcementAct1994in2012,whichcameintoeffectin

August2013.Thesereformsincludedenhancedfinesenforcementmeasuresthat

allowtheabilitytoplacewheelclampsonvehicles,removenumberplatesand

seizegoodsinrelationtoinfringementsandfines.

RecentMediaAttention

2.8 ThewidelypubliciseddeathofMissDhuwhopassedawayinAugust2014while

beingheldinaSouthHedlandpolicelock-uponceagainbroughttheissueoffine

defaultincarcerationtothepublic’sattention.MissDhuwasrequiredtospend

fourdaysincustodytopayoffherlargestfinewhichwas$1,000.Furthermedia

attentionwassparkedwhenanarticleinTheAustraliannewspaperinOctober

2014describedanalarmingriseinthenumberofpeoplespendingtimeinprison

solelyforthepurposesofpayingoffunpaidfines(Burrel&Laurie2014).

ComparisonofJurisdictions2.9 Duetothelackofpubliclyavailableinformationweareunabletomake

comparisonsoffinedefaultincarcerationacrossstates.However,inthecaseof

NewSouthWales,Victoria,andQueenslandwedididentifychangesinfine

defaulterimprisonmentnumbersasaresultofspecificinitiativesand/orpolicy

changes.

2.10 NewSouthWales,asthemostpopulousstate,andwiththehighestdailyaverage

prisonerpopulationinthecountry(ProductivityCommission2015)experiences

3

significantissueswithincarcerationoffinedefaulters.In2006apolicywas

introducedtoreferunpaidfinestotheStateDebtRecoveryOffice(SDRO).This

grantedtheSDROthepowertosuspendordisqualifydriverslicencesandasa

resultsawariseinimprisonmentratesforpeopledrivingwithsuspendedor

disqualifiedlicences(NewSouthWalesSentencingCouncil2006).Morerecently,

collaborativeeffortsbetweenLegalAidNSW,AboriginalLegalServices,State

DebtRecoveryandtheDepartmentofPoliceandJusticehaveseenthe

developmentoftheWorkandDevelopmentOrderService.Thisisafreelegal

servicethathelpspeopleinfinancialhardshipworkofftheiroutstandingdebts,

whichbylate2012hadseenmorethan$4millionoffinesdebtworkedoffby

peoplethroughnearly700NSWorganisations(LegalAidNSW2012).

2.11 Victoriahasacourtspecificallydesignatedtodealingwithunpaidinfringements;

thePenaltyEnforcementbyRegistrationofInfringementNoticeCourt.Thiscourt

hasassistedinclearingbetween$70millionto$80millionoffinedebteachyear

(DepartmentofJustice2002).

2.12 Queenslandhasexperiencedreductionsinfinedefaultimprisonmentsincethe

introductionoftheirStatePenaltyEnforcementRegistry(SPER)which

centralisesthecollectionoffineandinfringementdebt.Inadditiontothis,

QueenslandalsohadanamnestyperiodforfourmonthswhentheSPERopened.

BoththeintroductionoftheSPERandtheamnestyperiodassistedinthe

reductionofsentencereceptions,primarilyasaresultoftheSPERhaving

capacitytoofferappropriatealternativestoimprisonment(Departmentof

Justice2002).

ScopeandLimitations2.13 Thisreviewwillexaminethetrendsinthenumberoffinedefault-onlyreceptions

overthelastdecade.Theemphasiswillbeonhowrecentchangestopolicyand

legislationhaveaffectedthecustodialestate,thesocioeconomicdemographicsof

thoseimprisoned,andtheimpactonindividualprisonfacilitieswheretheyare

beingheld.

2.14 Itisimportanttonotethatthisreviewwillonlyfocusonpeoplewhohavebeen

incarceratedsolelyfordefaultingonfines.Thedataexamineddoesnotinclude

4

thosewhowereservingfinedefaultsentencesalongwithothercustodial

sentences.Thisreviewalsodoesnotincludetheundisclosednumberofpeople

whoareheldinpolicelock-upsfor‘payingoff’finesanddonotenterintothe

Department’scustody.

5

3 OverallTrendsforFineDefaulters

TrendsinReceptionNumbers3.1 BetweenJuly2010andJune2015,onaverage,1,102peoplehaveenteredprison

forunpaidfineseveryyear.Thiscomparestoonly396peoplewhoentered

prisonforunpaidfinesbetweenJuly2008andJune2009,anincreaseofover

150percent.Foravarietyofreasonstheimprisonmentoffinedefaultershas

receivedconsiderablemediaattentionoverthelast12months,withtheinterest

focussingonlegislativechangesthattookplacein2008.

3.2 Duetotheshortnatureofthesentencesservedbyfinedefaulters,andtherefore

theirhighturnover,theproportionoffinedefaultersmakinguptheWAprison

systemonanygivendayisrelativelylow.InNovember2015therewere,on

average,11finedefaultersonanygivenday.Duetolimitationsinthedata,an

averagecouldnotbecalculatedforalongertimeperiod.FromJuly2006to

March2015,onaverage,twopeopleenteredWAprisonseverydayfordefaulting

ontheirfines.

3.3 Intotal,7,026peoplewerereceivedintoprisonforfinedefaultsatotalof7,462

timesoverthistimeperiod.Figure1,illustratesanotablespikeinreceptions

wherenumbersjumpedfrom396inthe2008-09financialyearto1,018inthe

followingfinancialyear,agrowthof157percent.Thefollowingyearthese

numbersgrewbyafurther45percent,reachingapeakof1,480receptions.This

isdisproportionatetothecorrespondingincreasesinthetotalprisonpopulation

forthesametimeperiod.

6

Figure1.

Numberoffinedefault-onlyreceptionsbyfinancialyear1

3.4 Thefinancialyearof2014-15sawanotabledecreaseinthetrendoffinedefault-

onlyreceptions.Thisfigureisstillhigherthanthenumberofreceptionspriorto

2008-09whenthelegislativeandpolicychangeswereintroduced.Whileitcould

besuggestedthatthisdecreaseoccurredduetolegislativechangesin2012,itis

notpossibletoforecastwhetherthisdownwardtrendwillcontinue.

3.5 Figure2illustratesmorespecificallywherepolicyandlegislativechangesmay

haveimpactedonreceptionnumbers.Asmentionedpreviously,legislative

changesinMarch2008enabledfinedefaulterstopayoffoutstandingfines

concurrently,resultinginsomeindividualsservingshorterprisonsentences.In

addition,apolicychangethatcameintoeffectinearly2009resultedinstricter

breachconditionsforpeopleonWDO’s.Whiledefinitiveinformationtoshowthe

causeandeffectrelationshipbetweenthepolicyandlegislativechangesdoesnot

exist,thetimingofthenotableincreasedoessuggestthatthesechangesmay

haveinfluencedthetrend.Thegraphalsodemonstratesthatthelegislative

changeimplementedinMarch2008mayhavehadasomewhatdelayedeffecton

1Notethatthefigureprovidedfor2014/15isaDepartmentalfigureprovidedduringtheParliamentaryAnnualReportHearinginDecember2015,asrawdataforthisfullfinancialyearwasnotavailableattimeofwriting.

177

442

396

1018

1480

1081

1304

1127

603

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

No.ofreceptions

7

prisonreceptions,asthenumberoffinedefault-onlyreceptionsbegantorise

dramaticallyonly12monthsafterthosechanges

Figure2.

Numberoffinedefault-onlyreceptionsbyquarter,July2006toMarch2015.

LengthofPrisonStay3.6 BetweenJuly2006andMarch2015atotalof54,839dayshavebeenservedfor

finedefault-onlyreceptions.BeforethelegislativechangesinMarch2008that

allowedfinedefaulterstoservemultipletermsconcurrently,ratherthan

cumulatively,theaveragelengthofprisontermforfinedefaulterswas40days.

Thisdecreasedten-foldafterthechangestoanaveragestayof4.5days(Figure

3).ThisreceptionlengthshortenedirrespectiveofgenderorAboriginality,two

keydemographicfactors.

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

No.ofreceptions

8

Figure3.

AveragelengthofstaybeforeandafterMarch2008legislativechangestoincarcerationbygenderandAboriginalstatus.

3.7 BetweenJuly2006andMarch2015,almost80percentofthefinedefaulter

populationservedsentencesoflessthanaweek,withapproximately22percent

ofthesepeoplebeingreceivedandsubsequentlyreleasedwithin48hours.

ExaminingthesereceptionsintermsoftotaldaysspentincarceratedsinceJuly

2006(Table1)wefoundthat37percentofthetotaldaysspentinprisonwere

bypeopleservingprisontermsoflessthanaweek.Thisisconcerninggiventhat

initialprocessingandassessmentofeachprisonerreceivedintoafacilityisa

time-consumingprocess,involvingextensiveinterviewing,healthandrisk

assessments,andstrip-searches.

41

32

38

43

4

5

5

5

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Aboriginal

NonAboriginal

Aboriginal

NonAboriginalFemale

Male

afterlegislativechange beforelegislativechange

9

Table1.

Totalnumberofreceptionsoflessthanaweekandnumberofincarcerationdaysbyfinancialyear

Financialyear

No.ofreceptions

Totalno.ofincarcerationdays

2006-07 27 592007-08 74 2382008-09 328 1,0292009-10 847 2,8422010-11 1,268 4,2482011-12 919 3,1432012-13 1,121 3,9732013-14 961 3,335GrandTotal 5,922 20,113

3.8 Themaximumsingleprisontermservedwasbyanelderlynon-Aboriginalman

sentencedtoserve749days(justover2years)forhislargestfine,whichwas

over$185,000.Atthetimeofdataextractionhehadserved257daysofhis

prisonterm.Thismanbeganhisprisontermafterthe2008legislativechanges;

hadheservedtimebeforethechangesforthesamesetoffineshewouldhave

beenincarceratedforalmostayearlonger.

3.9 Thebenefitforfinedefaultersservingtimeconcurrentlyformultiplefinesisthat

largeamountsofpenaltiesowedcanessentiallybepaidoffveryquickly.For

example,onewomanservedonlytwodaysin2010-forover100separatefines

totallingjustunder$29,000.Herlargestfinewas$844.Hadthiswomanbeen

receivedtoprisonforthesefinesbeforethelegislativechanges,shewould

probablyhaveservedover100daysinprison.

3.10 Thebriefanalysesabovesuggestthattheissuesforthecustodialestatearemore

abouttheturnoverrateofpeopleenteringtheprisonsystemforfinedefaults

ratherthanfinedefaultersmakingupalargenumberofthetotalprison

population.

10

ReceptionsbyFacility

3.11 HakeaPrisonisimpactedbyfinedefaultingimprisonmentmorethananyother

prison.Itrecordedalmosthalfofthereceptionsforfinedefaultsacrossthe

custodialestate,andalmosthalfthetotalnumberofdaysthatallfinedefaulters

spentinprison.Bandyup,thesecondmostaffectedfacility,recorded

approximately15percentofreceptionsandasimilarpercentageoftotal

incarcerationdays.Thisisnotsurprisinggiventhateachistheprimaryremand

facilityinthemetropolitanareaformalesandfemalesrespectively.An

examinationofthenumberofreceptionsateachcustodialfacilityisshown

below.

Table2.

Numberofreceptionsandtotalincarcerationdaysbyfacilityforfinedefault-onlyreceptionsfromJuly2006toMarch2015

FacilityNumberofreceptions

(%oftotalreceptions)

Totalincarceration

days

(%oftotalincarceration

days)Metropolitan Bandyup 1,126 15.1 7,837 14.3Casuarina 8 0.1 42 <.1Hakea 3,650 48.9 26,674 48.6Regional Albany 201 2.7 938 1.7Broome 656 8.8 5,789 10.6Bunbury 352 4.7 2,455 4.5EasternGoldfields 442

5.9

3,555

6.5

Greenough 580 7.7 3,971 7.2Roebourne 354 4.7 3,124 5.7WestKimberley 93

1.2

454

<.1

Total 7,462 54,839 Note:WestKimberleyRegionalPrison(WKRP)openedforoperationin2012.

11

3.12 Intheregionalprisonsthedispersaloffinedefaultersismoreevenlyspread.

Thislikelyatteststothenotionthatdecisionsregardingtheplacementoffine

defaultersarelargelymadeinlightoftheperson’splaceofresidenceorleastthe

placeinwhichawarrantofcommitmentwasissued.Thispossiblysuggeststhat

peoplearenotbeingunnecessarilytransferredoutofcountrytoservewhattend

tobeveryshortsentencesto‘pay-off’theirfines.

3.13 Figure4highlightsthegrowthinreceptionnumbersinthemostaffected

facilitiesfromJuly2006toJune2014.Whenexaminingchangesinnumberof

receptionsacrosstimeinHakeaandBandyup,thereappearstobeconsistent

fluctuationsintrendsacrossmalesandfemales2.

Figure4.

Patternoffinedefault-onlyreceptionstoBandyupandHakeabyfinancialyear

2Note:2014/15financialyearnotincludedasdatawasonlyavailableuptoMarch2015.

17 50 56

154243

141210 183

78

168235

554

795

503

612

498

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

No.ofreceptions

BANDYUPWOMENSPRISON HAKEAPRISON

12

4 DemographicsofFineDefaulters

4.1 Themajorityofpeopleadmittedforfinedefaultswerebetweentheagesof25to

44years3.Thelargestdemographicgroupwereyoung,non-Aboriginalmales

agedbetween25to34years.Thisgrouprepresentedjustover20percentofthe

finedefault-onlypopulation.Themedianageoffinedefaulterswas32years.

Table3.

Numberoffinedefault-onlyreceptionsbygenderandagegroupfromJuly2006toMarch2015

AgeGroup

Male FemaleTotal

Aboriginal Non-

AboriginalAboriginal Non-

Aboriginal 18-24 454 501 171 48 1,17425-34 899 1,590 442 235 3,16635-44 598 977 329 203 2,12745-54 225 386 112 100 82355-64 50 68 17 8 14365+ 4 23 0 2 29

Total2,230

(29.8%)3,565

(47.8%)1,071

(14.4%)596

(7.9%) 7,462

4.2 Femalesareoverrepresentedinthefinedefaulterspopulation.Femalesmakeup

approximately15percentofthetotalprisonpopulationyetconstitute22per

centofthefinedefaulterpopulation.Overall,womenhavebeenconsistently

over-representedinthefinedefaulterpopulationsincethe2006-07financial

year,withthisover-representationgrowingfrom16.1percentinthe2006-07

financialyearto25.3percentinthe2013-14financialyear(seeTable4).

3Peoplewithmultiplereceptionsacrossthetimeperiodwerecountedforeachoftheirreceptionsasthisallowsforthemostaccuraterepresentationofthefinedefaulterpopulationasawhole.

13

Table4.Percentageoffemalesinthefinedefaulterandtotalprisonpopulation

Year Total

Receptions4Percentageoffemalesintotal

FineDefault-onlyreceptions

Percentageoffemales

2006-07 6,607 13.8% 177 16.4%2007-08 7,201 12.8% 442 24.6%2008-09 7,562 12.7% 396 19.4%2009-10 7,062 14.2% 1018 20.5%2010-11 7,119 14.2% 1480 21.7%2011-12 7,535 14.5% 1081 19.9%2012-13 8,130 15.6% 1304 23.8%2013-14 8,051 16.1% 1127 25.3%

4.3 Figure5demonstratesthatoffemalefinedefaultersthemajorityareAboriginal

(64%).However,theinverseistrueformales,with62percentbeingnon-

Aboriginal.ThissupportsconcernsexpressedthatAboriginalfemalesappear

particularlyvulnerabletoresortingtoimprisonmenttopayofftheirfines.

Figure5.ProportionofAboriginalityformaleandfemalefinedefaultersfromJuly2006toMarch2015

4Departmentalfiguresfortotalnumberofreceptions(includingindividualswithmultiplereceptions)foreachfinancialyear.

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Female Male

%ofWinedefaulterpopulation

NonAboriginal

Aboriginal

14

TrendsinReceptionNumbers

4.4 Peoplewithlower-payingornonprofessionaljobsandtheunemployedmakeup

ahighproportionofincarceratedfinedefaulters.Oftheemployedmalefine

defaulters,byfarthemostcommonlystatedoccupationswerethoserelatedto

labourandtradeswork,with46percentstating‘labourer’astheirtypeof

employmentuponreceptiontoprison.Employmentislessprevalentamong

femalefinedefaulters.Ofthoseworking,thewomenaremostlyemployedas

labourers(20%)andcleaners(11%).Thestatedoccupationsthatwouldbe

consideredprofessionalandrequiretertiaryeducationmakeuplessthantwo

percentofthetotalmaleandfemalefinedefaulterpopulation.

4.5 Ofthetotalfinedefaulterpopulation,24percentofallfinedefaulterscouldbe

categorisedasunemployedatthetimeoftheirreception.5Thosewhowere

homemakers,pensioners,orhaveneverworkedservedapproximately20per

centofthetotalnumberofdaysfinedefaultersspentincarcerated.

4.6 Thereisastarkcontrastacrossmalesandfemalesinthenumberofunemployed

inthefinedefaulterpopulation.6Anoverwhelming73percentoffemalefine

defaulterswereconsideredunemployed(withalmostallofthemcitinghome

dutiesastheiroccupation).Ofthemalefinedefaulters,only10percentwere

consideredunemployed.

4.7 Figure6illustratespercentagesofemploymentversusunemploymentby

Aboriginalstatusforbothmalesandfemalesrespectively.Fifty-twopercentof

theAboriginalunemployedfinedefaultersarefemale,while57percentofnon-

Aboriginalfinedefaulterswithemploymentaremale.Thisevidencesupportsthe

notionofAboriginalwomenhistoricallybeingthemostvulnerabletofinedefault

imprisonment(Spiers-Williams&Gilbert2011).

5Thesecategorieswere‘domestic/homeduties(1094)’,‘neverworked(341)’,‘pensioner(269)’,‘retiree(8)’and‘student(86)’.

6Ofthe7,462receptions,6,622providedtheiroccupationstatus.

15

Figure6.

Percentageof‘unemployed’versus‘employed’infinedefaultersbygenderandAboriginalstatusfromJuly2006toMarch2015

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

unemployed employed unemployed employed

Aboriginal NonAboriginal

%ofWinedefaulterpopulation

Female

Male

16

5 OffenceTypesRelatedtoFinesIssued

5.1 Thefrequenciesofeachmostseriousoffencetypewerefairlyconsistentacross

alldemographiccohorts.Overhalfofthetotalnumberofreceptionswererelated

tofinesfordrivingandtraffic-relatedoffences,withmorethan80percentof

thesefromfinesrelatedtodrinkdrivingordrivingwithoutalicence.Finesfor

offencesagainstgoodorder,suchasbreachesofbail,werethesecondmost

commontypeoffinespeoplewereimprisonedfor.Adescriptionoftheseoffence

categoriescanbefoundinAppendixB.

Table5.

Percentageofmostseriousoffencetypeforfinedefault-onlyreceptions

Offencecategory PercentageofreceptionsDriving,MotorVehicle,TrafficandRelatedOffences 54.1OffencesAgainstGoodOrder 22.1OffencesAgainstthePerson 9.7BreakandEnterandOtherOffencesInvolvingTheft 7.1DrugOffences 3.2PropertyDamageandEnvironmentalOffences 2.1OtherOffences 1.6Unknown Lessthan.1Total 100.00%

5.2 Itisimportanttonotethatmostfinedefaulterspayoffmultiplefinesinone

prisonterm;theaboveinformationonlystatesthecategoryofaperson’smost

seriousoffencethattheyreceivedafineandservedtimefor.Forexample,afine

defaultermayhaveaccumulated10fines,oneforpossessionofaweaponand

nineforminortrafficoffences.Iftheyserveaprisontermforall10fines,theyare

recordedas‘offencesagainstgoodorder’astheirmostseriousoffencecategory

wouldrelatetoweaponpossession.Themostseriousoffenceisoftenthatwhich

incurredthemostexpensivefineandisthereforereflectiveofthenumberof

daysrelatedtothatreception.

17

6 FinancialCostofIncarceratingFineDefaulters

6.1 ItcosttheDepartmentanestimated$2.26milliontohousefinedefaultersinthe

2013-14financialyear(seeTable6).Thecostsrangefrom$305forHakeainthe

metropolitanareato$1,450forBroomeRegionalPrison.Whilethetotalnumber

ofincarcerationdayswascomparativelylowerforsomefacilitiessuchas

BroomeRegionalPrison,thefinancialimpactfromusingthisfacilityismuch

higherduetothehigherthanaveragecostperprisonerperdayatthefacility.

6.2 Itisworthnotingthatthesecostsperfacilitydonotincludethehighercosts

associatedwithprisonstaysthatarelessthanaweek.Forexample,inthe2013-

14financialyear,theDepartmentestimatedtheaveragecostperprisonerper

dayacrosstheestateas$332;however,theDepartmentstatedthatitcouldcost

upto$770perprisonerperdayforshorterperiodstays(OfficeoftheAuditor

General[OAG]2015;OfficeoftheInspectorofCustodialServices[OICS]2015a).

Table6.

Estimatedcostsoffinedefaulterincarcerationbyfacilityfor2013-14financialyear

Facility

Totalincarcerationdays

DCScostperprisonerperdayestimates7

Totalestimatedcostoffinedefaulterincarceration

Metropolitan Hakea 2,280 $305 $695,400Bandyup 732 $378 $276,696Regional Albany 103 $358 $36,874Broome 442 $1,450 $640,900Bunbury 427 $327 $139,629EGRP 181 $660 $119,460Greenough 561 $351 $196,911Roebourne 145 $570 $82,650WKRP 130 $776 $100,880GrandTotal 5001

$2,289,400

7EconomicRegulationAuthority,InquiryintotheefficiencyandperformanceofWesternAustralianPrisons–FinalReport,ERA,Perth.

18

6.3 ThetotalnetcostofcustodialservicesfortheDepartmentin2013-14was$608

million(EconomicRegulationAuthority[ERA]2015).Whileitcouldbeargued

thatthe$2.29millionincostsfortheincarcerationoffinedefaultersisnota

substantialproportionoftheDepartment’stotalexpenditure,itisstillmoney

thatcouldpotentiallyberedirectedtofacilitatingWDOsallocatedtofine

defaultersincommunitycorrections.

6.4 TheOfficeisnotinapositiontoconductacomprehensivecostbenefitanalysis

giventhelimiteddataavailable.Table7illustratesthatthetotalamountoffines

beingpaidofffromJuly2006upuntiltheendofthe2013-14financialyearwas

justunder$55million.Forexample,thecostforthe2010-11financialyearforall

fineswas$11,670,979.8ThisismoneythattheGovernmentwasunableto

recover.

Table7.

Totalandaverageamounts(indollars)offinesbeing‘paidoff’byincarceration

Financialyear Totalnumberoffines Total$amountoffines

Average$perfine

2006/07 1,942 $949,728 $4892007/08 5,356 $3,036,780 $5672008/09 4,199 $2,789,0449 $6642009/10 12,584 $8,901,163 $7072010/11 18,137 $11,670,979 $6432011/12 11,397 $8,191,656 $7192012/13 14,609 $10,622,338 $7272013/14 11,867 $8,683,268 $732Total 84,272 $54,844,956

8Duetolimitationsofthedataextraction,analysiscannotbeundertakentodeterminedollaramountsoffinesbeingpaidbyincarcerationinrelationtodemographicinformation.Theseamountsofthefineswereobtainedseparatelyfromthefinedefaulterdemographicinformation.

9Intheoriginaldatatherewasonepersonwhohada$24millionfineforadrivingoffence(alikelyerrorinTOMS),thisrecordwasremovedfromthisanalysistopreventskewedresults.

19

AppendixA: KeyFindings

• Atotalof54,839dayswereservedby7,025peopleaspartoffinedefault-only

receptions;thesepeoplehadatotalof7,462prisonreceptionsbetweenthem.

• HakeaandBandyuparebyfarthemostheavilyburdenedbyfinedefault

receptions,withHakeareceptionsaccountingforalmosthalfofthetotalamount

ofdaysservedfordefaultingonfines.

• TheaveragelengthofstaybetweenJuly2006andMarch2015was7.5days.

Legislativechanges,however,hadadramaticimpactonaveragenumberofdays

served.Beforethechangesfinedefaultersservedanaverageof45days,

however,thisdecreasedten-foldafterMarch2008to4.5daysservedonaverage.

TheaveragelengthofstayforAboriginalwomenwasmostimpactedbythese

changes.

• Womenaredisproportionatelyrepresentedinthefinedefault-onlypopulation,

comprising15percentofthetotalprisonerpopulationbut22percentofthe

finedefaulterpopulation.

• Unemploymentisrifeinthefinedefaulterprisonpopulation,particularlyfor

Aboriginalwomen.Anoverwhelming73percentofthefemalefinedefaulters

areconsideredunemployed;64percentofthesewomenareAboriginal.

• Themajorityoffines(54percent)wererelatedtominortrafficoffences;for

drinkdrivingordrivingwithoutalicence.

• Inthe2013-14financialyear,thetotalcostoffinedefault-onlyreceptionswas

approximately$2.29million.

• SinceJuly2006tiltheendofthe2013-14financialyearjustunder$55million

worthofunpaidfineswereclearedbyincarceration.

20

AppendixB: MethodologyDatawasrequestedfromtheDepartmentwhichincludedallfinedefault-onlyreceptionsfrom1July2006to20March2015.Thefollowinginformationwasreceived:

• offendername• TOMSID• dateofbirth• gender• aboriginalstatus• prison• lastknownaddress(attimeofreception)• usualoccupation(attimeofreception)• receptiondate• dischargedate• mostseriousoffencecategory

Furtherinformationrelatingtothetypesoffineswasextractedforthesefinedefault-onlyreceptionsfromtheDepartment’sdatabase,TOMS,usingstandardquerylanguagedataextraction.Thefollowinginformationwasextracted:

• thespecifictypeofoffence/offencesthepersonwaspayingoffduringtheirprisonstay

• thesentencelengthforeachoffence• thefineamountindollarsforeachoffence

Finedefaultersincarceratedonagivenday

Toobtaintheaveragenumberoffinedefaultersincarceratedonagivenday,reportsweregeneratedthroughthereportsportalontheDepartment’sintranet.

Eachreportonlyreportsthenumberoffinedefaultersincarceratedforasingledate,somultiplereportswererequired.ThirtyreportsweregeneratedforeachdayofthemonthofNovemberfortheyears2006to2015(foratotalof300reports).Anaverage“numberoffinedefaultersperdayinprison”werecalculatedforeachmonth.

Notethatthefiguresreportedarethoseforfinedefaulterswithoutacurrentremandwarrant.

OffenceTypes

OffencesforwhichfineswereadministeredwhereclassifiedbytheDepartment’s‘MostSeriousOffence’categorysystemwhichusessevencategoriesnamely:

• BreakandEnterandOtherOffencesInvolvingTheft• Driving,MotorVehicle,TrafficandRelatedOffences• DrugOffences

21

• OffencesAgainstGoodOrder• OffencesAgainstthePerson• PropertyDamageandEnvironmentalOffences• OtherOffences

‘Unknown’wasalsousedasaneighthcategorywhenaperson’smostseriousoffencewasn’tspecified.

Examplesofthetypeofchargesincludedintheabovecategoriesare:

Offencetype ExamplesincludeBreakandEnterandOtherOffencesInvolvingTheft

• BreakandEnter(burglaryandunlawfulentry)–dwellings• Stealingfromtheperson• Unlawfulpossessionofstolengoods• Receiving• Misappropriation• Fraud,forgeryandfalsepretences• Othertheft

Driving,MotorVehicles,TrafficandRelatedOffences

• Dangerousandrecklessdriving• Drinkdrivingoffences• Drivingwhilelicencesuspendedorcancelled• Drivingwithoutalicence• Roadworthiness• Registrationoffences(includingThirdPartyinsurance)• Othermotorvehicle,trafficandrelatedoffences

DrugOffences • Possessand/orusecannabis,allforms• Possessand/orusedrugs,unspecified• Dealandtrafficincannabis,allforms• Dealandtrafficindrugs,unspecified• Import/exportdrugs,unspecified• Manufacture/growdrugs,unspecified• Otherdrugoffences

OffencesAgainstGoodOrder

• Breachofbail• Breachofotherprobation,paroleetc.orders• Contemptofcourt,other• Drunkenness• ImpersonatePublicOfficer• Resist/hinderpolice• Possessionand/oruseoffirearms• Prostitution

22

• Otheroffencesagainstgoodorder• Otheroffencesagainstjusticeprocedures

OffencesAgainstthePerson

• Assaultoccasioningactual/grievousbodilyharm• Ill-treatmentofchildren• Otherassault• Otheroffencesagainsttheperson

PropertyDamageandEnvironmentalOffences

• Arson(personnottherein)• Otherpropertydamage• Otherenvironmentaloffences

OtherOffences • Bankruptcy• Dogcontrol• Health,mentalhealth,quarantine,foodstandards,etc.• Secretcommissions,tradepractices,etc.• Security

23

AppendixC:ReferenceListAustralianAssociatedPress,2015,‘Expertsaysvulnerablehitbyfinespolicy’,SkyNews,

13January,viewed20February2015,http://www.skynews.com.au/news/local/perth/

Burrel,A&Laurie,V,2014,‘Hugeleapinfinedefaultersdoingjailtime’,TheAustralian,29October,viewed5January2015,http://www.theaustralian.com.au

DepartmentoftheAttorneyGeneral2015,Consequencesofnotpaying,DOTAG,viewed21February2015,http://www.courts.dotag.wa.gov.au/C/consequences_of_not_paying.aspx

DepartmentofCorrectiveServices,2015,AnnualReport2014-2015,DCS,Perth.DepartmentofJustice2002,InterimreportonthereviewofthefinessysteminWesternAustralia,preparedbytheCourtServicesDivision,Perth.

Emerson,D,2015,‘Finedefaultersfacemorejail’,TheWestAustralian,13January,viewedon16January2015,https://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/

Francis2014.Detailsofincarcerationfiguresforfinedefaultersfortheyears2008to2013,Tabledpaperno.2027attachmenttoQuestiononNoticeNo.2746.LegislativeAssembly,ParliamentofWesternAustralia,Perth.

LegalAidNewSouthWales2012.MediaRelease:LegalServiceHelpsFineDefaulters.Retrievedfrom:http://www.legalaid.nsw.gov.au/for-lawyers/news/news-for-lawyers/2012/media-release-legal-service-helps-fine-defaulters

NewSouthWalesSentencingCouncil,2006.TheEffectivenessofFinesasaSentencingOption:Court-imposedFinesandPenaltyNotices.NSWSC,Sydney.OfficeoftheAuditorGeneral2015,Managementofadultsonbail,OAG,Perth.

OfficeoftheInspectorofCustodialServices2015a,WesternAustralia’srapidlyincreasingremandpopulation,OICS,Perth.

OfficeoftheInspectorofCustodialServices2015b,ReportofanannouncedinspectionofWestKimberleyandBroomeRegionalPrisons,Reportno.96,OICS,Perth.

ProductivityCommission,2015,‘AverageDailyPrisonerPopulation’,table,inReportonGovernmentServices–Chapter8CorrectiveServices,AustralianGovernment,Canberra.

Spiers-Williams,M&Gilbert,R,2011,Reducingtheunintendedimpactsoffines,AustralianGovernment,Canberra.

WALaborParty2014.LockinginPoverty:HowWesternAustraliadrivesthepoor,womenandAboriginalpeopletoprison.WALabor,Perth

24

AppendixD:Abbreviationsused

PERIN PenaltyEnforcementbyRegistrationofInfringementNotice

SPER StatePenaltyEnforcementRegistry

SDROStateDebtRecoveryOffice

TOMS TotalOffenderManagementSystem

WDO WorkandDevelopmentOrder

WKRP WestKimberleyRegionalPrison

www.oics.wa.gov.au

Level 5, Albert Facey House, 469 Wellington Street Perth, Western Australia 6000Telephone: +61 8 6551 4200 Facsimile: +61 8 6551 4216

Western Australia’s rapidlyincreasing remand population

October 2015