Dividend is a portion of the firm’s profits that is paid to the owners.Face value is something that you get in future. So it is the FV.Ordinary annuity = End of period payments also known as deferred annuity.

Annuity due is beginning of period payments

Assume mortgages to be 30 years

Value investing prefers firms with lowest Market to Book ratio.

Growth investing prefers firms with highest Market-to-book ratio.