Indian Homeland (internal) Security

Maroof Raza

Risks and Opportunities

Mentor, Security Watch India

Context

Despite stable governance and growing economy, it saw more than 1883 terror-related deaths in 2010, making it one of the ten-most terrorism affected countries in the world.

And yet the infrastructure falls short of its mandate- protecting 1.2 billion people of India

However, the expenditure on Homeland Security is 0.95% of the Indian GDP. While this year government expects to spend close to US$16.89 billion on HLS, it still has long way to go.

India has number of Homeland (internal) Security personnel (2.7 million) approximately equal to the number of active military troops of US, UK, Germany and France combined.

PAKI

STAN

CHINA

NEPAL

SRI LANKA

Indian Homeland (internal) Security Scenario

Multiple secessionist

movements in Northeast

Growing threat of Maoist

insurgency, now infested in more

than seven states of India

Kashmir Insurgency along with cross-border terrorism.

Delhi

Mumbai

Bangalore

Chennai

Another significant threat is to

major cities, the economic hubs of the country

India’s current focus areas

MaoistThreat

Area Domination Focused development Denial of resources to the insurgents Intensive patrolling Critical infrastructure security

NortheastInsurgency

Border Protection Intensive patrolling Large-scale combing ops Gaining international cooperation Arrests Political concessions

Border Security Law & Order maintenance Intelligence gathering Raids

Intelligence gathering Active Interception Emergency Response preparedness Investigations and forensic follow-throughs Major events and critical infrastructure security

Kashmir

Urban Centers

Urban Centers

Abduction

Ambushes

Low Profile Assassinations

Another 26/11High-profile

Assassinations/Abductions

Critical Infrastructure Damage

Cyber attack

The Dirty Bomb Attack Attack on major events/

crowded places

Threat Scenarios

Low damage

High damage

Low publicity High publicity

Threats, Challenges & NeedsThreats Challenges Need

Kashmir Insurgency • Suicide Raids (fidayeen) attacks• Infiltration• Drugs & counterfeit currency smuggling • Public unrest

• Personnel protection gear• Riot control equipment• Surveillance equipment• Signal intercept technology• High-altitude combat gear

Left-wing Extremism by Maoists

• IED Attacks• Infrastructure Sabotage• Targeted Assassinations

• Aircrafts for troop movement• Counter-IED equipment• Critical infrastructure security• Automated security systems• Communication gear

Northeast • Public Unrest• IED Attacks• Ambushes• Arms and drugs smuggling

• Intelligence analysis software• Personnel protection gear• Riot control equipment• Surveillance equipment

Plots against cities • Bombing campaigns• 26/11-style attacks• Disruption to major events

• SWAT gear and training• Major event security• Large infrastructure security (airport)• Cyber security• Intelligence gathering and analysis equipment• Explosive detection equipment• CBRNe protection gear• Mobility through land and air• Coastal security

Ministry of Home Affaris

Intelligence Agencies

Aid for statesState Police

Forces

Central Paramilitary

Forces

Investigative agencies (NIA,

DRI, CBI)

HLS structure in India

Special forces (Force One,

Greyhounds)

State Paramilitaries & Home Guards

Ministry of Defence

Central level (ops.)

Border & Coastal Security (in

specific parts of the country)

State levelCentral level

US; 33.30%

India; 3.60%

France;

3.40%Ger-

many; 3.70%Saudi Arabia; 4.50%UK; 3.90%China; 5.20%

Others; 42.30%

Global Homeland Security Expenditure

42%

51%

7%

Expenditure on HLS by Various AgenciesMHA State Police Private

Biggest Spenders (States)

1. Uttar Pradesh2. Andhra Pradesh3. Jammu & Kashmir4. Delhi5. Karnataka6. Assam7. Tamil Nadu8. Haryana9. Jharkhand10. Chhattisgarh

Modernization (ranked)

1. Delhi2. Uttar Pradesh3. Andhra Pradesh4. Madhya Pradesh5. Maharashtra6. Jammu & Kashmir7. Punjab8. Rajsthan9. Assam10. Haryana

Training (ranked)

Major Growth Areas-1Mass Transit Systems:

One of the largest networks (64,000 km) in the world, Indian Railways suffers from sabotage incidents averaging about ten every month.

Indian RailwaysIndia has 128 airports including 14 international and 81 domestic flying more than 24 million passengers a year. Securing airports is of critical importance.

Civil Aviation

Delhi Metro handles 1.6 million passengers a day. Similar systems are now coming up in all metropolitans in India.

Intra-city transit12 Major Ports and 187 other ports in India handle close to 800 million tonnes of cargo every year and growing at the rate of 2.5%

Maritime

Major Growth Areas-2Force Modernization:

Both Central and State police forces require modern and sophisticated weapons for combating increasingly well-armed insurgents.

Weapons & EquipmentForces require new vehicles allowing their mobility in air, land and sea. Varied terrain all across India needs a variety of transportation solutions.

Mobility

Signal intercepts and electronic intelligence has become mainstay of security forces to predict and deter terrorist attacks.

Electronic SurveillanceGrowing threat of NBC attack from the terror groups has led government to expand its CBRNe Protection program and acquire variety of protection gear.

CBRNe Protection

Major Growth Areas-3Private Security:

India is world’s largest market for this, with 8 million security guards. Supplying specialized security and training personnel is a major growth area.

Security PersonnelProtecting critical infrastructure assets, especially the ones in insurgency-affected areas has become the highest priority for the Indian industry.

Critical Infrastructure

Analyzing vulnerability of operations, supply chains and physical premises has a huge potential among growing companies of India.

Risk AnalysisElectronic monitoring, especially CCTV surveillance has shown tremendous growth in India, projected to be more than US$ 700 million market by 2013.

Electronic Monitoring

Opportunities in the Indian Market

• Increased Threat Perception and Threat Domain

• Growing economy and greater purchasing capability

• Recent opening of procurement process means a vacuum of suppliers

• Multiplicity of Customers (10 Central + 28 State + Numerous customers in Private Industry)

• Emerging Indian companies to build strong alliances with

• Innovation is valued

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