Final Exam Review

Unit 2: Natural Disasters

Earthquake

violent shaking of the ground

Cause of EarthquakeMovement of tectonic plates

• Subduction zone• Transform fault

Type of damage from an Earthquake

destruction, building damage, road damage, ruptured pipes, death

Where Earthquakes occurat plate boundaries

Safety during an Earthquake

Relationship to TsunamisCause of a tsunami, displaces a large amount of

water at subduction zone

Richter Scalemeasures magnitude of earthquake, 1-10 (10

the worst)

Tsunami

Cause of a tsunami displacement of water, earthquake under water

Type of DamageFlooding, mass destruction

Warning of a TsunamiWater recedes, recent earthquake

Safety during a TsunamiRun to higher ground

Volcano Movement of tectonic plates, subduction zones

DamageLava flows, Property destruction

Where?Plate boundaries- subduction zones

DormantA volcano that has not erupted in a long time

but has the potential to erupt again

Cattle Graze Beneath the Dormant Volcano Mt. Taranaki or Egmont Taranaki New Zealand

Active A volcano that is currently erupting

ExtinctA volcano that has erupted in the past but will

not erupt again

Active Dormant Extinct

Magma

Molten rock below Earth’s surface, before it erupts from a volcano

Lava

Molten rock above Earth’s surface, what is erupting from a volcano

Tornado• Forms from a supercell thunderstorm • a cold air mass and a warm air mass combine-

the cold air mass drops below the warm air mass eventually twisting

Where they form• Flat land• Tornado alley

Type of damageMass destruction of anything in its path

Safety

Fujita scalemeasures the intensity of a tornado on a scale of

1-5 (5 the worst)

HurricaneForms over warm water

Type of damage1. Storm surge- flooding 2. Wind- downed trees, flying debris

Wind SpeedGreater than 74 mph

Storm Surgewater from ocean gets pushed onto shore

causing flooding

typhoon

• Pacific ocean

cyclone

• Indian Ocean

Forest Fires

• Cause – Human: main

cause of forest fires, arson, campfires, cigarettes

– Nature: lightening, sun

Fire Triangle

• Fuel• Oxygen• Heat Source

Controlled burningremoves fuel for a fire- undergrowth, brush, leaf

litter

Where they occurIn dry, arid areas such as out West- heat,

drought, frequent thunderstorms

Damage • habitat destruction• property damage

Benefits• Clearing the forest floor• providing habitat• killing disease• new generations