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Page 1: Final Draft Report of the Roadmap for BIM Strategic Implementation_e
Page 2: Final Draft Report of the Roadmap for BIM Strategic Implementation_e

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Disclaimer

Whilst reasonable efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this publication, the CIC nevertheless would encourage readers to seek appropriate independent advice

from their professional advisers where possible and readers should not treat or rely on this publication as a substitute for such professional

advice for taking any relevant actions.

** Cover image courtesy of Ronald Lu & Partners **

Enquiries

Enquiries on this report may be made to the CIC Secretariat at:

15/F, Allied Kajima Building 138 Gloucester Road, Wanchai Hong Kong

Tel: (852) 2100 9000 Fax: (852) 2100 9090 Email: [email protected] Website: www.hkcic.org

© 2013 Construction Industry Council.

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Revision History

Version

Date Revision

1 23 September 2013 -

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Table of Contents

Purpose ....................................................................................................................... 5

Executive Summary .................................................................................................... 7

BIM Definition ......................................................................................................... 12

1. Background ....................................................................................................... 14

2. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 16

3. Function of BIM ................................................................................................ 17

4. Review of the Adoption of BIM in Construction Industry .................................. 19

5. Driving Organisation and Approach in Worldwide ............................................. 25

6. Benefit Brought by the Adoption of BIM ........................................................... 29

7. Driving Force for the Adoption of BIM.............................................................. 32

8. Challenges for the Adoption of BIM .................................................................. 40

9. Disciplinary Operational Benefit and Concern ................................................... 46

10. The Roadmap and Strategic Implementation Plan .............................................. 48

11. The Steps Ahead ................................................................................................ 58

12. Going Forward .................................................................................................. 60

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Purpose This report, prepared by the Working Group on Roadmap for BIM Implementation (Working Group) established under the Committee on Environment and Technology of the Construction Industry Council (CIC), summarises the views of the Working Group on the strategic implementation of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in Hong Kong’s construction industry. The purpose of this report is:

1. to share the experience of construction industry practitioners in their use

of BIM in Hong Kong;

2. to present the industry’s views and concerns on the current adoption of BIM in Hong Kong construction industry;

3. to realise the global trend of adopting BIM in the construction industry;

4. to summarise the benefits and constraints of adopting BIM in Hong Kong;

5. to facilitate industrial stakeholders to prepare themselves towards the

adoption of the BIM at their own accords; and

6. to propose the way forward for the strategic implementation of the BIM in Hong Kong;

As this report is not meant to be a submission to the relevant government authorities for seeking financial support or financial commitment on the adoption of BIM, no vigorous quantitative analysis on the cost and benefit of adopting BIM in Hong Kong is presented though reference is made to the experience of overseas countries which have been implementing BIM for years. For instance, McGraw-Hill Construction has recently published a survey and study on the business value of BIM infrastructure projects for Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) in USA which provide statistical information how BIM can bring about positive impact on the design, construction and operation of projects. Cabinet Office of UK Government has also published an Investor’s Report that illustrates measurable benefits of the BIM adoption.

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Facilities Management, being a complicated issue at this stage for its integration with the design and construction phases, has not been included in this phase of the study for the sake of simplifying the study and facilitating earlier release of the study result that the industry stakeholders has been awaiting.

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Executive Summary

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is not just a three dimensional drawing tool but a new tool to holistically manage information relating to construction projects from preparatory stage, to construction and operational stages. It is a new way of working, using new technology to facilitate project management and execution, better construction process control, cross-disciplinary collaboration, internal coordination, external communication, problem solving, and risk management. Fast Pace in Global Development The adoption of BIM has already been a global trend, just naming a few examples below: USA

- The General Services Administration requires mandatory BIM submission for government projects since 2008. They are mature in using BIM and are leading BIM practice.

Singapore

- They determined national-wide implementation roadmap in 2011; and now require mandatory use of BIM from 2015 onwards.

United Kingdom

- Government requires mandatory use of BIM in public sector from 2016 onwards. They target themselves to become BIM leader in European region.

Mainland China

- BIM has been included as part of the National 12th Five Year Plan (2011 – 2015) and is formulating a BIM framework.

Other 10+ Countries

- Majority of European countries, Canada and South Korea require the use of BIM in public construction projects, and, some of them set up agencies to manage national-wide implementation and introduced good practices and standards.

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Compared with international practice of BIM with respect to planning, adoption, technology and performance, Hong Kong is lagging behind majority of developed countries. Hong Kong’s construction industry is strongly encouraged to take leap to catch up the fast pace of the global adoption of BIM so as to maintain the competitiveness of Hong Kong’s Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) services in the region and even in the world. Without sufficient manpower with suitable skill-set and associated facilities of BIM, Hong Kong’s AEC corporate would be difficult to compete for jobs and projects outside Hong Kong market in foreseeable future. Hong Kong’s Construction Industry Is Getting Ready BIM implementation in construction industry in Hong Kong is still in the primary stage in terms of the scale of application. In fact, individual practitioners have been gearing up themselves to prepare for the new era of BIM to different extents. Some are fast movers and getting almost ready for adoption, while some are observers and keeping close eyes on the utilisation of BIM. The current situation of major disciplines relating to the adoption of BIM is as follows: Private Developer

- Majority of major developers have adopted BIM to different extents such as development project planning, setting the use of BIM as a mandatory requirement for the design of particular developments. The Real Estate Developers Association of Hong Kong encourages their members to adopt BIM.

Public Client

- Hong Kong Housing Authority, MTR Corporation, Hong Kong Airport Authority have already been adopting BIM already; and they are moving forward in fast pace. Buildings Department has commissioned a consultancy study on "Feasibility Study on the Implementation of an Electronic Submission System in the Buildings Department" and BIM is one of the electronic submission formats being evaluated in the study.

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Development Bureau is exploring the types of public construction projects which can effectively apply BIM, and initiating pilot projects to use BIM.

Architect

- Majority of architect firms are getting almost ready for the adoption, some of which are even expertise in BIM.

Engineer

- Majority of engineering consulting firms are getting almost ready for the adoption, some of which are even expertise in BIM.

Surveyor

- In the stage of developing good practices for BIM adoption in surveying; and considering offer value-added service through BIM.

Contractor

- Majority of major contractors have been trying out the use of BIM to improve site safety, work scheduling, cost control, and constructability analysis.

Training Institute

- VTC has already included BIM training in their construction related Higher Diploma programmes. Some universities are offering optional BIM courses in their degree programmes. CIC has incorporated fundamental BIM knowledge in some of their training programmes for frontline site staff.

Recently, some organisations and companies in Hong Kong are taking a step forward in the use of BIM e.g. 5-D BIM with the inclusion of time and cost of projects, application for site safety, integration of BIM and GIS, etc, with a wider application of Information Technology in the construction industry. While individual stakeholders are preparing or have prepared to use BIM, they wish to see a more organized and systematic way to move towards the industry-wide adoption of BIM in Hong Kong through the concerted efforts of the whole construction industry.

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Key Driving Force - Industry Led and Project Client’s Commitment Construction industry stakeholders generally consent that the construction industry is expecting industry-wide catalyst to boost the use of BIM and industry leader to blueprint, drive, gear up and engage the implementation. In order to keep up the momentum of the industry in adopting BIM, project client’s commitment to construction advancement through the use of BIM is necessary. Benefits Brought About by BIM from Project Clients’ Perspective Project clients (e.g. property developers, Government, and public bodies) are generally recognized as one of key stakeholders and drivers towards the adoption of BIM in construction. From the project client’s perspective, BIM can help: (a) Provide multi-dimensional visual images and timely information of construction

projects; (b) Allow testing on models and quickly generating options for better decision making

in respect of time, cost, process, and risk, etc; (c) Detect design faults (especially clashes) and minimise design change; (d) Improve site safety management and education; (e) Enhance financial risk management and minimise financial claims due to variation

and delay; (f) Facilitate better project coordination by bringing all relevant disciplines of

participants in the construction project to collaborate and achieve an integrated design at an early stage;

(g) Facilitate third party and even public engagement by enhancing communication

with a view to soliciting the support of the community at project planning stage.

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The Way to Leap The Working Group on Roadmap for BIM Implementation established under the Committee on Environment and Technology of the Construction Industry Council, chaired by Ms Ada FUNG of Hong Kong Housing Authority, to define roadmap and implementation strategies for achieving the market transformation with respect to the application of BIM in the construction industry, recommends the following three major actions to be taken by the industry: 1. ESTABLISHMENT OF STANDARD - to devise a set of common standards or

good practice or reference document for the use of BIM in construction projects to facilitate those users who wish to adopt or widen the usage of BIM;

2. PROMOTION - to carry out more promotional activities targeting those industry

stakeholders who are not familiar with the usage and benefits of BIM, especially allowing top management of major project clients, whom are regarded as the key drivers on the user of BIM, to understand the benefit brought about by BIM; and to plan their organisation to get prepared for adoption the BIM;

3. TRAINING - to build up BIM capacity by driving curricular change in construction

related programmes and computer science programmes of academic institutes; and providing BIM training with respect to 3 areas: BIM model development, management of BIM, and use of BIM model.

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BIM Definition The term Building Information Modelling (BIM) refers to the ability to use, reuse and exchange information, of which electronic documents are just a single component. BIM is much more than 3D renders or transferring electronic version of paper documents. By implementing BIM, “risk is reduced, design intent is maintained, quality control is streamlined, communication is clearer, and higher analytic tools are more assessable” (AIA 2005). “BIM is the development and use of a computer software model to simulate the construction and operation of a facility. The resulting model, a BIM, is a data-rich, object-oriented, intelligent and parametric digital representation of the facility, from which views and data appropriate to various users’ needs can be extracted and analyzed to generate information that can be used to make decision and improve the process of delivering the facility. The process of using BIM models to improve the planning, design and construction process is increasingly being referred as Virtual Design and Construction” (AGC Guide to BIM). At its highest level, a BIM model is an intelligent digital representation of physical and functional characteristics about a capital facility. A BIM model has the following characteristics: 1. A BIM model is a parametric, relational database that ties together multiple layers

of information about specific objects – every object in the building. The model can also store information far beyond design and construction details, and become the owner’s operations and maintenance data source.

2. A BIM model is “smart”. A change to a component is reflected in all components it

relates to. By making change not only the view changes but also the information in the database which drives the model, and those views and analysis all use the same database.

3. A BIM model offers a constant 3D representation of the building. Because all the

information in a BIM model is 3D, a 3D view of a structure, from any angle, at any section, can be generated at any time during the design process, and in the same program the designers and engineers are already working in.

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4. A BIM model is an intelligent tool that can be used for study and analysis across multiple disciplines. Because the elements in a BIM model contain their attributes and characteristics (e.g. thermal conductivity, geometry, surface materials, etc), the model can be used to simulate a structure’s behaviour.

5. A BIM model is a permanent, living document. With BIM all the information is not

only in one place, but can be an active management tool and even adapt with the structure.

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1. Background

In view of a growing trend for using Building Information Modelling (BIM) in construction works projects, the Committee on Environment and Technology decided to define the Roadmap for BIM Implementation in Hong Kong’s construction industry. A seminar titled “Building Information Modelling for the Future” was organised on 11 October 2011 to engage professionals and experts to share relevant project experience with participants. The speakers, Mr. David MAK (from Housing Department), Prof. LI Heng (from PolyU) and Ir. Francis LEUNG (from Hong Kong Institute of Building Information Modelling) shared their insight and vision in the future application of BIM. The seminar was successfully held with over-subscribed applications which reflected the industry’s concern. The five challenges set out by Prof. LI Heng at the seminar are:

(a) Challenge 1: Building Information Modelling or Management?

(b) Challenge 2: Who owns the Intellectual Property?

(c) Challenge 3: Do we need to change the contractual arrangements?

(d) Challenge 4: Legal and Insurance Concerns

(e) Challenge 5: Lack of skilled BIM managers

At the discussion session of the seminar, there were quite some debates over the Challenges. In consideration of the great interest from the industry, the Committee on Environment and Technology established a Working Group on Roadmap for BIM Implementation to define the strategic implementation plan and set out the roadmap at industry level. Also the adoption of BIM had already been a global trend. Hong Kong construction industry is required to take leap to catch up the fast pace of the global adoption of BIM so as to maintain Hong Kong’s Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) competitiveness in the region and even in the world. Without suitable

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skill-set of BIM, Hong Kong’s AEC corporate would be difficult to compete jobs/ projects outside Hong Kong market in foreseeable future.

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2. Introduction In consideration of the great interest from the industry on the BIM in Hong Kong, the Committee on Environment and Technology considers the need to take forth the implementation activities in a more systematic and strategic way. As the scope of studies covers a wide range of topics from technical aspect, business consideration to market transformation concern, the Committee on Environment and Technology has decided to start off the study through taking a strategic overview on the industry-wide adoption of BIM in Hong Kong with a view to determine a roadmap and strategic implementation of BIM in construction industry in Hong Kong aiming to enhance industry-wide productivity and efficiency, well understood and open BIM standard and exchange. The Committee on Environment and Technology set up a working group, namely the Working Group on Roadmap for BIM Implementation (Working Group), with major participants in the application of BIM as members to prepare the overview. The Working Group focuses its effort:

(a) To define strategies for achieving the market transformation with respect to

the application of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in construction industry.

(b) To identify the possible scope of application in local construction industry and those factors affecting the suitability or causing limitations of BIM application in local construction projects.

(c) To explore the potential impacts on the construction supply chain arising from the adoption of BIM such as changes in planning and design approaches, mode of collaboration among different entities of the construction supply chain, training needs, etc.

(d) To identify the areas which require further and detailed investigation and the needs of collaborative research or studies with relevant organisations or appropriate research institutes.

Members of the Working Group are listed in Annex A. The discussions, observations, findings and suggestions by the Working Group are summarised in the following sections of the Report.

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3. Function of BIM

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is not just a drawing tool but a new tool to holistically manage information relating to construction projects from preparatory stage, to construction and operational stages. It is a new way of working, using new technology to facilitate project management and execution, better construction process control, cross-disciplinary collaboration, internal coordination, problem solving, and risk management. A building information model characteristics the geometry, spatial relationships, geographic information, quantities and properties of building elements, cost estimates, material inventories and project schedule. This model can be used to demonstrate the entire building life cycle (Bazjanac, 2006). As a result, quantities and shared properties of materials can be readily extracted. Scopes of work can be easily isolated and defined. Systems, assemblies, and sequences can be shown in a relative scale with the entire facility or group of facilities. The construction documents such as the drawings, procurement details, submitted processes and other specification can be easily interrelated (Khemlani et al, 2006). A model could be used for the following purposes:

- Visualization: 3D renderings can be easily generated in-house with lesser effort. - Fabrication/ shop drawings: it can assist in producing shop drawing for various

building systems, for example, the sheet metal ductwork shop drawing can be quickly produced once the model is complete.

- Forensic analysis: a model can be easily adapted to graphically illustrated, such

as direct sunlight study, natural ventilation, heat gain, evacuation plans, etc. - Facilities management: can use a model for renovations, space planning and

maintenance operations. - Cost estimating: Some BIM software has built-in cost estimating features.

Material quantities can be automatically extracted and updated when any changes are made in a model.

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- Construction sequencing: a model can be effectively used to provide accurate information for material ordering, fabrication, and delivery schedules.

- Conflict, interference and collision detection/ checking: because BIM models are

created, to scale, in 3D space, all major systems can be checked for interferences. As such, this process can be used to verify if piping does not intersect with steel beams, ducts or walls.

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4. Review of the Adoption of BIM in Construction Industry

During the presentations of Ms. Wendy Lee of a BIM tools supplier, and Dr. Calvin Kam, one of the Director of Stanford University’s Center for Integrated Facilities Engineering (CIFE), at the first Working Group meeting, Dr. Kam evaluated the implementation of BIM in the Hong Kong construction industry by using quantified measures of the Virtual Design and Construction (VDC) Scorecard. Global investment in capital projects is growing at a rate that will soon outpace GDP growth, with a projected 67% growth in construction globally by 2020 [1]. Construction productivity growth is marginal or negative over the past two decades. Adoption of Building Information Modeling (BIM) is accelerating in reaction to this problem, and is expected to reach 80% in some sectors this decade [2]. While CIFE has been a world premier academic research centre for Virtual Design and Construction for Architectural, Engineering and Construction Industry since 1988, there was no proactive, objective mechanism to evaluate BIM maturity and its contribution to construction value. Therefore, Dr. Kam started the research and development of the VDC Scorecard since 2009, a methodical framework (Figure 1) focusing on qualitative planning as well as quantitative performance metrics and other areas to track and control BIM/ VDC use. Evaluations are benchmarked against other current projects around the world, and the "scores,” are used to identify areas of strength and weakness to drive performance improvements. The overall VDC Score illustrates how the project is ranked among other projects in the global market via a 5-level innovation ranking system in a range from "Conventional Practice" (without BIM) to "Innovative Practice” (industry ‘firsts’). The ranking system continues at a deeper level of four Areas: Planning, Adoption, Technology, and Performance; these areas are in turn sub-divided into ten divisions and over 50 measures. [1] M. Betts et al., "2020, A Global Forecast for the Construction Industry Over the Next

Decade to 2020", Global Construction Perspectives and Oxford Economics, London, UK, Mar. 2011

[2] N. W. Young et al., "SmartMarket Report on Building Information Modeling: Transforming Design and Construction to Achieve Greater Industry Productivity", McGraw Hill Construction, New York, NY, USA, 2008

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Figure 1: Framework of VDC Scorecard

By using the 10 award-winning projects of 2012 Autodesk Hong Kong BIM award as the representatives of the Hong Kong market, Dr. Kam presented the evaluation results of these 10 projects using the 5-level ranking system of the VDCScorecard, the Median Score indicated the BIM implementation of Hong Kong construction projects is currently at “Advanced Practice” (Figure 2 and Figure 3). Noted that the median here is suggested on the basis of statistical population limited to the 10 Hong Kong BIM award projects only. Figure 2: Median Score Breakdown of Hong Kong Practice Based on Hong Kong BIM Award Projects.

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Figure 3: Overall Median Score of Hong Kong Practice Based on Hong Kong BIM Award Projects.

Leveraging the framework’s scalable score weighting system, Dr. Kam’s team benchmarked these Hong Kong projects with the global database and observed that when compared to global state of BIM practice, the Hong Kong median score however shifts from “Advanced Practice” to the “Typical Practice” rank (Figure 4). Figure 4: Overall Median Score of Hong Kong Practice Based on World-wide Projects.

Compared with international practice of BIM with respect to 4 areas, Hong Kong is lagging behind majority of developed countries. However, recently, some organisations and corporate in Hong Kong are taking steps to adopt BIM and even pioneer in some areas, e.g. 5D BIM conforming to SMM4, application for site safety, integration of BIM and GIS, etc.

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Still, we could learn from several trends in the global marketplace (Figure 5): Figure 5: Comparison of Leading Practice Countries and Hong Kong Practice.

BIM Practice by Leading Practice Countries

Planning: Leading practice countries have established national standards and guidelines for BIM implementation, and governmental agencies or jurisdictions within these leading nations may have individual BIM requirements for both public and private projects. Adoption: Leading practice countries have high rates of BIM adoption, due to both governmental or owner requirements, as well as pressure to maintain competitive advantage in an increasingly BIM-enabled marketplace. Technology: Technology employed in leading practice countries is both broad and mature. BIM are commonly used for visualization, documentation, performance analyses, and increased automation of design and construction tasks. Performance: Few countries have objectively demonstrated improved performance with BIM adoption. Most assessments of BIM’s contribution to increased performance rely on subjective representations and few quantitative metrics, without benchmarks or performance targets based on historical data.

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Initiatives for Hong Kong Suggested by CIFE Stanford University Hong Kong has the human and capital resources to become a world leader in use of BIM and VDC implementation, as well as a profound need for rapid, economical, and ecological expansion of the built environment. The government and commercial corporate of Hong Kong have several opportunities to realize this potential: Planning: Invest in shared BIM standards to harmonize BIM implementation across a spectrum of design, construction, and operation disciplines. Establish performance measures and target goals. Adoption: Establish BIM and VDC education programs at all levels from executive to apprentice to keep decision-makers informed of latest value propositions and strategies leveraging BIM, and build skill sets of the Architects, Engineers, Contractors, Owners and Operators (AECOO community) who design, deliver, and manage the built environment. Incentivize beneficial use of BIM in public and private projects through education grants, bonuses, and/ or benefit sharing agreements. Technology: Engage implementation in all categories of BIM users from visualization to automation, throughout the AECOO community, and in all stages of project life-cycle from conceptualization to operation and recycling. Performance: Develop meaningful corporate, industry, and national targets for project and built environment performance; track how BIM contributes to realization of these goals. While all of these steps can contribute to raising Hong Kong’s use of BIM, and more importantly position Hong Kong to enjoy the benefits brought by superior implementation of BIM and VDC methods, the most important first step is engagement. Dr. Kam urges everyone in the Hong Kong AECOO community to reach out and take a next step with BIM.

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Types of BIM Users in Hong Kong As a whole, BIM implementation in construction industry in Hong Kong is still in the primary stage. Individual participants’ knowledge of BIM and capability to utilise BIM are diversified. In Hong Kong, two extreme types of BIM users exist - one type is fast mover and another one is observer. Type of BIM User Examples (Note: including but not limited to)

(1) Fast Mover; (2) Follower Getting Ready to Move Fast

- Hong Kong Housing Authority - MTR Corporation - Hong Kong Airport Authority - A number of major private developers - A few government works departments* - Majority of engineering and architectural

consultants - Certain disciplines of surveying consultants - Majority of major contractors * Note:

1. Buildings Department has commissioned consultancy study on “Feasibility Study on the Implementation of an Electronic Submission System in the Buildings Department” which is scheduled for completion in end September 2013.

2. Development Bureau is studying the types of

public construction projects which can effectively apply BIM and initiating pilot projects to use BIM.

(3) Observer - Majority of government works departments - Some other private developers - Some other consultants - Some other contractors in particular the smaller

sized ones

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5. Driving Organisation and Approach in Worldwide Quite a number of counties are working on enablement on BIM adoption. Their driving organisations and key driving approaches for the adoption of BIM in construction industry are as follows: Country Type of

Driving Organisation

Driving Organisation

Driving Approach and Current Status

USA

Government General Services Administration (GSA)

The General Services Administration (GSA) is a pioneer in advocating the adoption of BIM for public sector projects. GSA has developed a suite of BIM guidelines for submission for government projects. It has required mandatory BIM submission for government projects since 2008.

Government Army Corp of Engineers

It has required mandatory BIM for all its projects.

Canada Association The Institute for BIM in Canada

The Institute for BIM in Canada leads and facilitates the coordinated use of BIM in the design, construction and management of the Canadian built environment.

United Kingdom

Government The Cabinet Office of Government Construction Board

The BIM Industry Working Group and Government Construction Board have prepared a staged BIM implementation plan to increase BIM use over a five-year period by 2016. By 2016, the Government will mandatory require pubic sector centrally procured construction project using BIM.

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Country Type of Driving Organisation

Driving Organisation

Driving Approach and Current Status

UK has published BIM Standards namely BS1192:2007, BS ISO 29481-1:2010, BIP 2207.

Germany - No centralized collaboration

The BIM software market is dominated by home-grown products, and the widespread adoption of BIM is yet to be determined.

Denmark The Royal/ Government

Individual state clients

Danish state clients such as the Palaces & Properties Agency, the Defence Construction Service, and the Danish University Property Agency require mandatory BIM to be used for their projects.

Norway Government Statsbygg The Norwegian government has stated its commitment to succeed in BIM adoption in 2010. 2010: Requires the use of IFC/BIM for new buildings.

Norway Government Norwegian Defence Estates Agency

The Agency is running three BIM pilot projects.

Finland Government Senate Properties (property services agency)

Finland’s state property services agency, Senate Properties, requires the use of BIM for its projects since 2007.

2007: it requires IFC/BIM in its projects and intends to have integrated model based operation in future.

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Country Type of Driving Organisation

Driving Organisation

Driving Approach and Current Status

Netherlands Government Rijksgebouwendienst

On 1 November 2011, the Rijksgebouwendienst, the agency within the Dutch Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment that manages government buildings, introduced the RGD BIMnorm which it updated on 1 July 2012.

Iran Association The Iran Building Information Modeling Association (IBIMA)

IBIMA shares knowledge resources to support construction engineering management decision-making.

Singapore Government Building & Construction Authority (BCA)

BIM submission for regulatory approval via CORENET being implemented. BIM as part of public sector building project procurement. 2015: Mandatory BIM submission for new building projects > 5000 sm.

South Korea

Government Public Procurement Service

South Korea’s Public Procurement Service made the use of BIM compulsory for all projects over S$50 million and for all public sector projects by 2016.

Australia Public Organisation

Organizations such as Australian Productivity Commission, the Australian Construction Industry Forum

BIM is starting to take off, but governments and industry associations are being urged to help speed up the process. The Sydney Opera House is an excellent example of how BIM is used in the management of existing buildings.

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Country Type of Driving Organisation

Driving Organisation

Driving Approach and Current Status

(ACIF), Australian Procurement & Construction Council (APCC) & Built Environment Industry Innovation Council (BEIIC) are playing a substantial role in facilitating the BIM collaboration.

Mainland China

Government - BIM has been included in the National 12th Five Year Plan.

Academy Tsinghua University

Formulate a BIM framework for China

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6. Benefit Brought by the Adoption of BIM Key areas that different participants to the construction industry along the construction value chain consider themselves being benefited by the adoption of BIM are summarised as follows: No Participant Benefit Brought by the Adoption of BIM

1 End-user (Community) of infrastructure

- improved efficiency of construction and hence earlier to use the facility and less disturbance during construction

- improved understanding of the expected end-result through visualizations and virtual prototypes

- improved safety and security during operation through early identification of the adequacy of relevant equipment provided

2 Infrastructure Owner and Investor

- improved capital investment costs (lower costs and better predictability)

- improved life-cycle costs (lower costs and better predictability)

- improved project schedule - improved quality-cost ratio (higher quality with

the same costs or the same quality with lower cost) through better analysis and simulations supported decision making

- improved marketing by better communication and service for clients

- improved safety and security during operation through early identification of the sufficiency of various relevant equipment provided

3 Facility Manager - improved life-cycle costs (lower costs and better predictability)

- improved quality-cost ratio through accurate and up-to-date as-built and maintenance information

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No Participant Benefit Brought by the Adoption of BIM

- improved safety and security during operation through early identification of the sufficiency of various relevant equipment provided

4 Contractor - improved productivity by efficient information processes within individual tasks and among different tasks during bidding, cost estimation, scheduling, procurement, site activities, etc

- improved quality-cost ratio through better productivity and lesser errors

- mitigated/ avoided risks leading to economic loss

- improved competitiveness by better communication and service for clients

5 Construction Professional (Architect, Engineer, Surveyor)

- created positive impact on project schedule and cost estimation

- improved productivity through lesser rework because of changes and contradicting documents

- improved quality-cost ratio through better coordination of different disciplines

- overcame practical difficulties and avoid contradictory design at early stage

- improved competitiveness by better communication and service for clients

6 Manufacturer and Supplier of Construction Material and Component

- improved market segment through better understanding by professionals of the suitability for particular projects

- improved productivity and quality-cost ratio by streamlining the information flows between product requirement and manufacturing processes

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No Participant Benefit Brought by the Adoption of BIM

7 Software Industry - introduce willingness for system development and enhance technology by widespread use of BIM

8 Insurance Industry - improved quality-cost ratio by reduction of financial risk through better information flow and transparency

Note: The aforesaid table illustrates the benefits of the participants in general construction value chain, the benefits for other stakeholders, for example: Council for Sustainable Development, Hong Kong Green Building Council, Committee on Revitalization of Historical Buildings, etc may consider to including in future study.

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7. Driving Force for the Adoption of BIM Adoption of BIM needs drivers that are composed of “carrots” or “sticks”, i.e. encouraging or forcing, or both. Views of Working Groups Members on the driving force to the adoption of BIM are set out below. a. Increase in Productivity and Effectiveness

Project Planning and Decision-making Support i. BIM is a cost-effective engineering solution, in whole life terms and at an

affordable level of capital investment, but also to minimize the management costs, to reduce the time of delivery, to reduce waste across the whole process and to minimize the cost of in-service management.

ii. Provide visualization to improve the client’s understanding of the design.

BIM’s visualization capabilities to display what the options actually look like, not only upon completion but before and during the works, as a means of building public support (e.g. District Board consultation, public engagement, etc.) and to aid decision-making.

iii. According to Stanford University Centre for Integrated Facilities

Engineering (CIFE) surveyed that BIM helped to attain 7% reduction in project time. Noted that the figures for local context may be explored in future study.

Management Support

iv. Pull all project participants together so that all design decisions can be

made earlier. Design is no longer a sequential process, it is now parallel.

v. Become a tool for more efficient asset and facilities management. An accurate BIM model provides the information for routine maintenance, updated to reflect additions/ alternation/ modernizations, instantaneously.

vi. Enable more strategic use of prefabrication materials and systems to

speed construction and reduce schedule but maintaining quality.

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Information Sharing

vii. Information is more easily shared, can be value-added and reused such

that enable faster and more effective working process.

viii. Architect and Design Engineer can also use BIM profitably. BIM enables a better storage of all design data within a 3D model. 2D plans and drawings can be automatically generated from this 3D model. Architect and Engineer can integrate changes in the design easily, while drawings and details are updated automatically. It seems that such a BIM-based drawing production process would ensure that sets of plans would remain consistent internally.

ix. With proper alignment of BIM with the method of measures, BIM can be

employed to generate the necessary quantity of materials. b. Cost Saving and Reduction in Wastage

Reduced Requirement Change

i. Cost saving could be achieved by using BIM to check for structural, architectural and building services clashes so as to reduce rework and requirement change. Construction waste and claim opportunities would then be reduced.

ii. As reduced in requirement changes and claim opportunities, client’s

litigation cost and effort will be reduced.

iii. According to Stanford University Centre for Integrated Facilities Engineering (CIFE) surveyed that BIM helped to attain savings of up to 10% of the contract value through clash detections. Noted that the figures for local context may be explored in future study.

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Sustainable Engineering Solution

iv. Promote sustainability goals with a robust platform for analysis. Using a

BIM model and simulation program to carry out full energy consumption analysis in 3D in short lead time compared with long lead time in traditional 2D modelling.

Streamlined Procurement v. Facilitate cross-projects bulk purchasing and material inventory control.

c. Better Quality and Integration

Interdisciplinary Coordination

i. Offer potential for significant improvement in interdisciplinary coordination, leading to reduction in errors, and fewer coordination-based changes during construction. According to Stanford University Centre for Integrated Facilities Engineering (CIFE) surveyed that BIM helped to eliminate 40% of unbudgeted change. Noted that the figures for local context may be explored in future study.

ii. New relationship models enable to work across and manage all the

interfaces which characterise infrastructure programmes and projects. Multiple interfaces are the basis for the inefficiency. BIM offers the real possibility of an approach that encourages cooperation across boundaries, and indeed the potential to remove boundaries altogether.

iii. Facilitate complex architecture because of a seamless connection

between design and fabrication, expediting the manufacturing and/ or fabrication of engineered structure components.

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Providing Assurance

iv. As a project moves into the construction phase the richness of information contained within the 3D model will improve the contractor’s ability to understand and resolve details. It will also enable Engineer to check the works against specification and validate any anomalies. The integrated single model enables continuous review and testing of the design for constructability, and potentially for maintenance and operation of the asset.

v. Project proposals can be rigorously analyzed, simulations can be

performed quickly and performance can be benchmarked, enabling improved and innovative solutions. It is essentially “pre-built the project”, allowing problems to be resolved as found throughout the design.

vi. Consistent requirement, design, construction and operational information

can be used throughout infrastructure lifecycle.

d. Improvement of Public Understanding to a Proposal

i. Significantly improve project team’s ability to elaborate their design, for example: aesthetic, air flow impact, visual impact, traffic impact, sunlight and shadow, etc, and construction intentions to stakeholders and the public. Proposals can be better understood by laymen through accurate visualization.

e. Better Management Control and Reduce Project Risk

Project Management i. The use of BIM in the design phases makes it possible to monitor

requirement change and design change during the design process.

ii. BIM systems have capability of producing “schedule of quantities” and enabling the construction sequence to be simulated to prior to construction. This capability would suggest that cost management, cash

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flow management, and programming activities can be readily brought into management control.

iii. It is a challenging construction process for the whole project with multiple

interfaces of many disciplines and project interface. BIM can help each party to better understand the built environment and facilitate clash resolution among the works of different parties before the actual commencement of the construction works.

iv. BIM provides previews of the site planning, construction works,

development of method statement and to enhance the understanding of construction safety issues that may arise.

Cost Management v. Quantities of materials are automatically calculated by the model, giving

visibility to the cost impact of design changes. vi. Performance is more predictable, lifecycle costs are better understood.

vii. According to Stanford University Centre for Integrated Facilities

Engineering (CIFE) surveyed that BIM helped to improve cost estimation accuracy within 3% and reduce 80% time taken to generate cost estimate. Noted that the figures for local context may be explored in future study.

f. Public Client Initiatives

It is generally considered that there should be a clear government policy to encourage the use of BIM because it is believed that strong public interest and funding can drive the private interest and funding in the same field. Public clients should be early adapters and set proper demands in the market to drive the implementation and development of the smart technology forward. Public authorities must follow up with significant funding to ensure the proper long term development and implementation speed. A free market approach may not suffice to ensure the necessary open standards based foundation. Once sufficient demand in the market is created by the use of public funding, a free market approach is desired for sustainable development of BIM.

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According to the experience of Hong Kong Housing Authority and MTRC, as public body clients, BIM helps them:

i. provide multi-dimension picture and timely information of construction

project;

ii. allow test on model and quickly generate options for better decision making in respect of time, cost, process, risk, etc. during the planning and design phase to avoid site problems;

iii. detect upstream design fault (especially clashes) and minimise design

change downstream;

iv. better site safety management, risk management and safety education;

v. better financial risk management and minimise financial claims due to

variation and delay;

vi. bring all relevant disciplines and participants in construction supply chain at early design stage at which facilitates coordinated design;

vii. facilitate third party and even public engagement by improving

communication with visual assessment at planning and design stage.

Public Client responsible for small civil engineering works and small scale building projects can also be benefited from the BIM with respect to:

- provide accurate 3D coordinates; - strong repository of construction information for future retrieval; - improve site safety; - improve construction sequence and method; - facilitate decision making and accurate information so as to reduce design

change, rework and wastage, and contractor’s claim; - reduce information loss during handover from designer to contractor; - facilitate consistent and standardised information exchange,

inter-organisational communication and team collaboration which could minimise human mistakes;

- etc.

because the use of BIM does not depend on construction project nature but depends on:

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- project planning approach; - risk management approach; - project coordination approach; - communication approach across disciplines and along construction supply

chain. g. Private Client Initiatives

Clients are in a good position to bring together all the parties involved. All consultants and contractors have the desire to do a better job for their clients and establish a good reputation within the industry. BIM has brought significant value in all phases of the project lifecycle, especially after project handover further advantages can be gained. The clients will be given robust operations and maintenance tools for their long-term facility’s needs. It is believed that BIM could bring the following business benefits to clients:

i. BIM will become the vital link between asset creation and asset management,

driving efficiencies throughout the lifecycle to better use resources for critical infrastructure needs.

ii. Optimal asset performance through early virtual prototyping, simulation and

the use of fed-back “in use” data aiming at reducing asset operation costs.

iii. Better business outcomes through early collaborative decision making through clearer link between design decisions and cost implications.

iv. Increase predictability of performance through more detailed asset and

lifecycle planning.

v. Increase surety of investment and decision making through reducing the need of reviewing different set of data for different stage of the project and improve visualization with respect to clarity, confidence and risking management.

vi. Reduce capital cost of asset (e.g. reduced overall review cycle, better

construction project outcome, etc) by reduction of waste in construction process.

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vii. The one-stop-shop approach in construction projects adopted by some

private clients may easily experience the benefit of using BIM.

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8. Challenges for the Adoption of BIM Challenges for the adoption of BIM are summarized as below: a. Standard and Protocol

The power of BIM is the ability to communicate across the entire lifecycle of an infrastructure (from conception to project to decade of use for asset management), a standard is essential to facilitate the application of BIM througout the lifecycle. However, there is:

i. Lack of common standard and protocol for data interoperability and data

management for which BIM models can be efficiently shared between different disciplines in a project;

ii. Lack of capacity to ensure that all disciplines in a project are working from

the same data on the basis of the same standard, requirement, and protocol.

b. Contract Requirement and Submission Requirement

Conventional contractual forms clearly define and allocate responsibility and risks among contracting parties. For the adoption of BIM, changes may be needed to reflect shared responsibilities in (a) generating information; and (b) aligning duties. However, there is: i. Lack of suitable or new form of contract to steer the collaborative use of

BIM along the construction supply chain within same construction projects;

ii. Lack of suitable or new form of contract to steer the collaborative use of

BIM to bridge the gap between asset creation and asset management; iii. Authority concerned is yet to accept submission of building plans in BIM

format/ presentation.

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c. System Compatibility and Exchange

i. Existing BIM software does not support direct and straight forward cross platform data exchange but works as stand-alone application.

ii. No regime and solution for common data environment.

d. Change of Culture and Mindset

Change for New Working Style

i. Participants may not be able to observe the value of collaborative working together on a project and may not accept the importance of collaboration of different parties in the same project through the project period.

ii. In general, current BIM application in Hong Kong seems to focus the BIM

application on design documentation, rather than changing the mindset to trigger new design and construction solutions by BIM.

iii. There are individual government departments, developers and building

owners moving forward to the mindset change to their organisation and project teams for a collaborative approach; whereas, it is expected that it needs years to achieve. The change programme has still been on-going in Hong Kong Housing Authority since 2006.

Discipline Value Change iv. Participants may worry that their discipline may lose their value in

construction project. Instead, BIM may help participants carry out labour intensive works (e.g. CAD drafting, quantity measurement); meanwhile participants may focus on their value-added works with the help of BIM.

v. A framework to re-assign the roles and responsibilities of individual parties

through the construction supply chain for the adoption of BIM is therefore necessary.

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e. Change of Collaboration, Work Sequence and Procurement Model

New Work Sequence and New Work Mode

i. BIM model “lives” throughout the life cycle of a building; it can serve the needs of multiple participants, at different times, and each with different needs. It is very different from current practice, where documentation is actually shared in printed form, and many details are replicated as information passes through these different participants from design to construction to facility management.

ii. The working process and the role of each participant in future environment

where BIM is fully integrated in all the relevant process will be different from current practices.

Procurement and Change of Involvement

iii. BIM encourages a process where different participants have to do more work during the early stage of the projects. In other words, different participants in supply chain have to be engaged at early stage of the projects. However, the current procurement practice does not support engaging different participants at early stage.

iv. BIM may change the traditional definition of the design and construction,

and the sequence of involvement of different participants of a construction project. Because of increased ability to share information over time, traditional barriers will decline. The existing expertise, e.g. a structural engineer or a construction manage, will still be required, but the nature of their participation may be different with the use of BIM.

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f. Legal, Rights and Insurance

Legal and Rights

i. The basis for a legal “standard of care” may evolve. Concern is given to whether participants’ liability exposure for errors and omissions being increased, and whether the fees and contracts properly reflecting this, and whether participants even wishing to take this on.

ii. There is in lack of relevant contract terms and legal standards to reflect

the changes in data ownership, information confidentiality, risk allocation, and procurement practices.

Insurance and Responsibility

iii. Projects that use BIM, the responsibility lines blur and thus it is hard to

adjust policies of the various participants of a project. The adoption of BIM in project creates uncertainty in the financial risks from the view point of the insurance industry. Without a clear delineation of responsibilities, insurers may be hesitant to assume such imprecise exposure.

g. Investment, Time Cost and Effort

The use of BIM requires more initial investment cost such as staff time spent, hardware and software investment, cost for training which are new costs in management and administration processes. Although these new costs may be more than offset by efficiency and schedule gains, they are still a cost that some or all parties within the project team will have to bear.

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h. Data Accuracy and Accountability

Control Mechanism and Accountability

i. As different parties may provide data input to the BIM model during the life cycle of a construction project, concern is given to the control on the accuracy of data entry into the model and to the responsibility of any inaccuracies in it. Requests for complicated indemnities by BIM users and the offer of limited warranties and disclaimers of liability by designers will be essential deliberation points that need to be resolved before BIM technology is utilized.

ii. The integrated concept of BIM blurs the level of responsibility to the extent

that risk and liability may be increased. Considering the scenario where the owner of the building files suits over a perceived a design fault. The architect, engineer and other contributors of the BIM process look to each other in an effort to try to determine who has responsibility for the matter raised. The lead professional may be responsible as a matter of law to the claimant, while having difficulty in proving fault of other parties who also contribute data to the BIM model.

Data Definition and Technological Interface iii. As infrastructure elements, cost and schedule are layered into the model,

responsibility for the proper technological interface among various systems becomes an issue. At present, most of the project management tools, modelling tools, etc have been developed in isolation. Solution and responsibility for the accuracy, completeness and coordination of infrastructure element, cost and schedule data import and export from/ to these isolated tools and models must be addressed.

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i. Localisation of System Solution

i. Since most of the BIM system solutions (software) are developed on the basis of US or European standards; such that, any standards adopted by the software relating to design aspects have to be reviewed and customerised to suit Hong Kong practice. However, this process requires long lead time and needs software vendors’ commitment and the industry-wide consent. Otherwise, third party middleware may be needed to bridge the gap.

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9. Disciplinary Operational Benefit and Concern The following table sets out in broad terms how BIM is perceived by various disciplines and participants in the industry.

Regulator Client Architect Quantity

Surveyor

Civil &

Structural

Engineer

E&M Engineer Contractor Manufacturer/

Fabricator

Facilities

Manager

Indi

vidu

al D

isci

plin

e O

pera

tiona

l Ben

efits

- Set out roadmap

and strategy, with the industry’s consent to:

(a) facilitate greater efficiency and effectiveness of construction supply chains,

(b) reduce industry’s asset costs and achieve greater operational efficiency,

(c) assist in the creation of a forward-thinking platform on which the industry can base to achieve growth.

- Better tool for

coordinated data across a broad consultant and contractor team.

- Potentially, a

faster and less expensive design/ construction process.

- 3D visualization

to enable internal and public communication.

- A “living model”

for the central, adapting library for facility management.

- Robust tool for

enhanced client and team understanding of design options.

- Integrated

platform for interdisciplinary coordination, with much stronger potential for catching conflicts and errors before construction.

- Less rework,

because everyone can understand the design earlier, costs are known earlier and clashes are detected earlier.

- Reduce time

spending on measurement & quantification.

- Speed up cost

estimate, BQ, taking off.

- Remove

inaccuracies that creep into human measurement.

- Opportunity to

offer higher value service & more creative service

- Visualization

tool enabling earlier collaboration with architect.

- Significant

capabilities and tools for inter-disciplinary coordination.

- BIM model

forms basis of analytical programs, speeding the design feedback process.

- Visualization

tool enabling earlier collaboration with architect.

- Significant

capabilities and tools for inter-disciplinary coordination.

- Ability to

integrate mechanical systems and maintenance data.

- BIM model

forms basis of analytical programs such as energy studies, speeding the design feedback process.

Main Contractor - Ability to “inherit”

usable data which can be sorted as desired, and used for quantity surveys, estimates, project management/ cost records, etc.

- Platform for 4D

modelling, construction scheduling, and constructability analysis.

- Visualization tool for

subcontractor marketing, bid packaging, and coordination.

Subcontractor More usable information during bidding, transferable to preparation of bids and work planning.

- Ability to

integrate existing data with manufacturing/ fabrication technology, saving significant data creation/ input effort.

- Platform for

4D modelling, construction scheduling, and constructability analysis.

- Construction

ends with true ”living” as built.

- BIM model

becomes facility management database and management tool. Flexible and changeable over time.

- A living, more

accurate tool for (i) code compliance checking; (ii) asset management; (iii) capital cost projections; (iv) square footage and space data.

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Regulator Client Architect Quantity

Surveyor

Civil &

Structural

Engineer

E&M Engineer Contractor Manufacturer/

Fabricator

Facilities

Manager

Indi

vidu

al D

isci

plin

e O

pera

tiona

l Con

cern

- Can BIM truly

provide benefits to the industry?

- What to achieve

through BIM? - Will the software

development obstruct the development of the construction industry?

- Any proprietary

problem? arise unfair play? disrupt competition?

- Will Hong Kong

AEC lose competitive over the global competitors if no BIM skillset?

- What to

complement the industry’s expectation and needs?

- Can the efficiencies

of BIM truly provide budget and cost control?

- Will the data be

maintained and remain at high quality? Was it 100% accurate to begin with?

- Will my

consultants, and then my in-house staff, know hot to use and apply the technology?

- How can the BIM

model be used within the client’s organization for other activities, such as workflow/ activity modelling in the built spaces?

- Will yet more

project control ceded to other disciplines, particularly contractor?

- How are

traditional contract documents coordinated and produced?

- Using BIM to its

advantage requires more effort in early stages. Will this be paid, and it so how?

- How does the

architect manage efficiently so many additional collaborators in earliest design phases?

- What & how

to develop skill & process needed to integrate BIM & QA process?

- Is there

method & standard for model development that requiring sufficient level of details?

- Can model

be configured to construction method for which derives meaningful BQ?

- How to filter

model data that they comply with rules?

- Will the

software programs be truly interoperable, allowing the link for analytical and calculation tools to be seamless?

- Will the extra

effort required in early stages be compensated?

- If structural

BIM data is transferred to manufacturers and fabricators, what are the contractual, risk, and compensation effects?

- With the

migration of data responsibility to contractor will engineers end up working for the contractors?

- Will the

software programs be truly interoperable, allowing the link for analytical and calculation tools to be seamless?

- Will the extra

effort required in early stages be compensated?

- Will the contractor be

able to obtain the model data in a usable format as a basis for further development (shop drawings, etc)?

- What are the risks of

owning the data, and will the contractor be paid appropriately, especially given the “inheriting” of data from the architect and engineering team and passing it on to the facility management team?

- Will

fabricators be able to obtain the model data in usable format as a basis for further development, especially given actual and potential legal barriers during the bidding and construction phases?

- Will the facility

management team inherit a model that truly reflects as-builts and will they be able to keep the model updated?

- How adaptable

will the model be in future years as the model must incorporate renovations, maintenance, etc? Will this be expensive?

Source: BIM: A Marketing Primer and Call to Action

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10. The Roadmap and Strategic Implementation Plan The successful implementation of BIM requires attention to two key areas: the BIM data model; and the BIM working processes. With a view to the value, benefit, issue and concern, following initiatives are suggested for the successful implementation of BIM. The timeline of the initiatives is intentionally not incorporated into this version of the Study Report. The timeline could only be set out after industry’s wide understanding of the BIM. A. Collaboration

Initiative No: A.1 Perspective: Collaboration

Initiative: To setup industry recognised co-ordinating body to foster collaboration locally and internationally.

Activity: - Act as central body for leading change, facilitate the implementation work and communication strategy.

- Promote the adoption of BIM throughout the construction supply chain

in Hong Kong. - Realise the industry’s expectation and requirement of BIM practitioners

and initiate curriculum change in academic institute to build up industry’s BIM capability.

- Foster local collaboration across industry bodies and institutions in

order to develop and promote the necessary standards, protocols, practices, legal frameworks, educational programme according to industry accepted implementation plan, timeline and scale.

- Foster international collaboration on developing a global view of

standards such as best practice/ common practice. - Integrate and reconcile stakeholders between “Design and

Construction” (who aim to move faster with the project) and “Operation and Maintenance” (who wish to inject more items/ provisions into the design).

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- Operate a repository library for showcase, shared document and

standard, best practice, etc. under a single portal.

Initiative No: A.2 Perspective: Collaboration

Initiative: To promote project-wide collaboration along project supply chain

Activity: - Redefine the work process and role of each participant when BIM is fully integrated in all the relevant process. The reimbursement to job, role and responsibility changes should also be redefined accordingly.

- Integrated BIM will have impact on contractual and process issues.

Need collaborative efforts to study this impact and suggest solution to tackle challenges present.

Initiative No: A.3 Perspective: Collaboration

Initiative: To assign a BIM Manager in the project team

Activity: - Consider the need of BIM manager in project who is responsible for project BIM strategy, develop project BIM execution plan, audit the BIM, coordinate interdisciplinary BIM, content creation and maintenance, etc.

- BIM manager to facilitate and develop “integration mindset” and “whole

life-cycle systems’ mindset” to project participants.

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B. Incentive and Proven Benefit

Initiative No: B.1 Perspective: Incentive and Proven Benefit

Initiative: To promote public and private clients to take the lead

Activity: - Allow top management to understand the benefit brought about by BIM; and to plan their organisation to get prepared for adoption the BIM.

- Allocate resources/ engage service to help key organization and

construction firms to kick start BIM. - Kick start pilot projects (including, at least but not limited to, civil work,

building work, and design and build work) with BIM in all participants of construction supply chain in whole project lifecycle.

- Provide credits for use of BIM in tendering of public works and incentives in private sector projects

Initiative No: B.2 Perspective: Incentive and Proven Benefit

Initiative: To build-up a collection of client’s initiatives with proven benefit

Activity: - To collect an accurate picture of the client’s experience and expectation on BIM in project and asset management.

- Demonstrate the benefits of adopting BIM quantitatively with respect to

project cost as well as operating cost of an organization. - To illustrate how BIM can work in a project in terms of standard,

procurement, collaboration, work process, benefit and issues, etc. - Enable client’s ability to define specific BIM requirements and engage

BIM enable team.

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Initiative No: B.3 Perspective: Incentive and Proven Benefit

Initiative: To render support to small scale companies

Activity: - Encourage the use of BIM by small scale company through the provision of Government seed funding for the transformation.

- Coordinate with authority to provide subsidized technical training

programme of BIM hand-on skill set.

C. Standard and Common Practice

Initiative No: C.1 Perspective: Standard and Common Practice

Initiative: To establish delivery standard and common practice

Activity: - Build a reference document aiming at providing a unified BIM standard/ methodology/ convention/ required level of details that can easily be easily adopted to suit different projects with reasonable modification.

- Build a reference document providing guidance on implementation of

BIM (at project level only; whereas it is not expected to use the same standard across the industry) in a project throughout its project lifecycle.

- Define family of BIM components and their attributes for quantity

surveying and analysis (but aim not to develop components library across industry).

- Bridge the Hong Kong standard and common practice with those from

regional practitioners (e.g. Standards from Singapore’s Building and Construction Authority).

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D. Legal and Insurance

Initiative No: D.1 Perspective: Legal and Insurance

Initiative: To review procurement practice and contracts provisions

Activity: - To review current contract agreements, procurement system, scope of works of each discipline to enable the co-operative mode of BIM operation can be implemented among different parties of a construction project.

- To review the Standard Method of Measurements (SMM) to tie in with

the BIM. - Need to define the extent of BIM data to be included in construction

contract. - Need appropriate clauses to incorporate BIM data and model into

construction contract. - Review the procurement practice, approval and payment practice for

work in progress.

Initiative No: D.2 Perspective: Legal and Insurance

Initiative: To review IP right and data ownership

Activity: - Review legal principle of Intellectual Properties (IP) right as it applied to information held in BIM environment.

- Review data/ information ownership and sharing. - Review accountability of the use/ update of data/ information. - Review ownership and usage as well as liability of BIM information

which may affect insurance policy.

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E. Information Sharing and Handover

Initiative No: E.1 Perspective: Information Sharing and Handover

Initiative: To establish a management framework to facilitate collaborative production of architectural, engineering and construction information

Activity: - Given single repository (single model) of BIM data for the whole supply chain of an individual project may not be practical (AEC(UK) BIM Standard), as each discipline only requires its own BIM model to deliver its contractual obligation. Instead of a single model for common use, it is better to set up a common data environment for a project with respect to BIM data exchange. Information for each discipline is created in their own Work In Progress area. Once checked, approved and signed-off, the individual BIM models are released to the shared area which is accessible by all other parties participating in the project.

- Suggest mechanism to control and manage the inter-disciplinary

model referencing for common data environment. - Maintain information/ data (data integrity, up-to-date) is an important

aspect of retaining its value and benefit to users of the information. Proper data storage, data sharing, access permissions to data and updating of data should be considered in detail. Guidelines are needed to help participants maintain and manage data in order to retain accurate and up-to-date asset records.

- Develop data exchange methodology for all participants along the

construction supply chain to: (a) improve the process of information retrieval and exchange; (b) enhance the quality and scope of information delivered by supply chain; (c) raise data integrity.

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F. Promotion and Education

Initiative No: F.1 Perspective: Promotion and Education

Initiative: To offer institutional support and promotional activities

Activity: - Professional organizations can help the implementation of BIM by promoting the idea and opportunities to clients.

- Professional organizations can help the implementation of BIM by

promoting the idea and opportunities to their members, and marshalling their members’ response to BIM challenge and adoption.

- Forge consensus and support of these organizations for the

development of BIM with a view to soliciting joint endeavour to achieve further development in industry capacity and capability.

- Concept of BIM should reach top management of clients, who are in the best position to drive the use of BIM. The benefit of the use of BIM to their corporate should be well explained.

Initiative No: F.2 Perspective: Promotion and Education

Initiative: To expedite the building up of BIM capacity and capability

Activity: - University/ training institutes to provide sufficient training courses (with different aspects, like: BIM management, R&D) for various levels in long run, for example: BIM CPD course, BIM certificate course, BIM diploma course, etc. They may consider adding BIM course to their degree course’s and diploma course’s curriculum.

- Extend BIM training from construction related programmes to other

engineering and computer science programmes.

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- Design and offer suitable trainings to three types of functions, they are: (a) BIM model development (b) BIM model management (c) use of the built BIM model.

- Offer comprehensive and systematic training courses for new BIM

roles especially BIM Manager and BIM Modellers. - Initiate train-the-trainer program to cascade the training effort to

individual corporate. - Sponsor and steer long term research on necessary initiatives. - Fast track BIM training program for in-service professionals and

management staff to understand the BIM from management side (instead of technical side).

- In-service professionals should be trained to use BIM directly instead

of leveraging on separate BIM consultants.

Initiative No: F.3 Perspective: Promotion and Education

Initiative: To expedite the building up of capacity and capability to integrate infrastructure project management and infrastructure asset management

Activity: - University/ training institutes to provide sufficient training courses in long run. They may consider adding infrastructure project management and infrastructure asset management course to their degree course’s and diploma course’s curriculum.

- Fast track training program for in-service professionals and

management staff to understand the integration from management side (instead of technical side). For example: cross training and rotational scheme in helping different teams better understand each other.

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G. Sufficient Digital Capability and Vendor Support

Initiative No: G.1 Perspective: Compliant BIM Tool

Initiative: To enable and assure sufficient digital capability and vendor support

Activity: - An integrated BIM depends upon the compatibility of data format, i.e. ability to merge models from various sources (especially different brand of BIM systems), efforts to develop open technology (or middleware) and data format to improve this process is called for.

- Software providers to ensure the standards adopted by the software

relating to design aspects are localized to suit Hong Kong practice. - Software providers to ensure the modelling capability to facilitate users

of BIM to produce final construction documents within the BIM tool itself.

- Software providers to facilitate integration between BIM and

downstream system application to fulfil the needs of frontline staff of facilities management and maintenance.

- Introduce more BIM system provider in Hong Kong so as to provide

more choice of system, promote competition aiming to (a) avoid “hostage” by engaged vendor; and (b) quality of service and system.

- Authority concerned to accept submission of building plans in BIM format. CAD manual may need to be revised.

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H. Risk Assessment

Initiative No: H.1 Perspective: Audit and Risk Management

Initiative: To adopt strategic risk management for BIM implementation

Activity: - Commission risk assessment to BIM implementation at project level and corporate level aiming to proactively identify possible areas of risks and how they can be mitigated individually and collectively to reduce and marginalize potential problems with the employment of BIM enabled technologies and collaboration.

- Commission legal service to draft BIM-specific contractual provisions

(avoiding aggressive use of disclaimers, indemnification, non-reliance clause) that aims to eliminate, limit or manage the risks associated with BIM.

I. Global Competitiveness

Initiative No: I.1 Perspective: Global Competitiveness

Initiative: To maintain Hong Kong AEC competitiveness among worldwide competitors equipped with higher productivity and new technology

Activity: - Carry out surveillance on global trend and latest construction technology; and keep Hong Kong construction industry update;

- Facilitate exchange between international market and Hong Kong

market.

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11. The Steps Ahead In order to address the needs of the stakeholders with higher priority for taking forward the wider adoption of BIM in Hong Kong, the following possible actions are suggested: No. Major Concern to be Addressed Possible Action 1. Some of the clients do not have

knowledge to define deliverable, state the expectation, and scope the requirements of the BIM in their projects.

Provide industry standard/ specification/ common practice/ reference document to let the industry to follow. Hong Kong Housing Authority, MTRC and some developers may wish to share their standard/ requirement for industry’s reference.

2. The use of BIM is mainly driven by

the demand of clients. However, some major clients have no plan on adoption of BIM.

Major clients need to familiarise with BIM and to get prepared for adopting the BIM.

3. Quite a few of top management of

AEC companies, developers and some government departments might not fully understand the nature of BIM or what benefits could be brought by BIM.

Promulgate the benefit of BIM and cultivate understanding of BIM to top management.

4. The academic needs to know the

following in order to devise suitable educational programme: a. the industry’s expectation and

requirement of BIM Manager/ Modeller;

b. the role and responsibility of BIM

Manager/ Modeller in work place or in a construction project.

Initiate curriculum change in academic institute to build up industry’s BIM capability. CIC is requested to work closely with the academic institutes to drive amendments in the current curricula of relevant courses.

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In response to the suggested actions, two key tasks are recommended to be taken immediately:

(a) To devise a set of standards or specification for the use of BIM in construction projects to facilitate those users who wish to widen the usage of BIM;

(b) To carry out more promotional activities targeting those industry stakeholders

who are not familiar with the usage and benefit of BIM or who are observers or beginners for the adoption of BIM.

Accordingly, a task group has been set up to take imminent action to focus on identifying and steering the preparation of the standards, specifications, common practices, or reference documents which are essential or beneficial to facilitate the industry to better adopt BIM. Membership List of the Task Group on Establishment of Industry Standard is set out at Annex B. Besides, the CIC can collaborate with the active BIM participants to promote BIM such as producing publication to disseminate the news about the BIM, to update the working progress of the industry stakeholders on BIM, to organise events (e.g. seminar/ conference) on BIM and to arrange visits and exchange with overseas BIM organisations.

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12. Going Forward The Report summarises current knowledge and experience shared amongst the Members of the Working Group in the use of BIM. While relevant stakeholders are invited to make reference to the initiatives set out afore-mentioned for follow-up actions as they consider appropriate, further reviews or discussions on some focused areas or topics with reference to the suggested initiatives and activities which outline the framework for such review and discussion can help promote the adoption of BIM in Hong Kong.

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Annex A

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Membership List of the Working Group on Roadmap

for BIM Implementation

Chairperson Ms. Ada FUNG Hong Kong Housing Authority

Members Representative of:

Mr. Willis AU YEUNG The Hong Kong Federation of Electrical and Mechanical Contractors

Ir. CHAN Chi Ming Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education

Mr. CHEUNG Kwong Wing The Association of Architectural Practices

Mr. Clement CHUNG

The Association of Consulting Engineers of Hong Kong

Mr. Desmond CHOI Chu Fan Hong Kong General Building Contractors Association

Ir. Ronan COLLINS British Chamber of Commerce

Mr. Freddie Tuen Tai HAI Hong Kong Institute of Architects

Mr. Simon KWOK Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors (Land Surveying)

Mr. Jones LAI Highways Department

Mr. LAM Kuen Development Bureau

Mr. Francis LEUNG The Association of Consulting Engineers of Hong Kong

Prof. Heng LI The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

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Annex A

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Members Representative of:

Mr. Stephen John LUMB Hong Kong Construction Association

Mr. David MAK Hong Kong Housing Authority

Ir. NG Chun Keung

Hong Kong Institute of Utility Specialist

Mr. Andrew MEAD/ Mr. Wilfred YEUNG

MTR Corporation

Dr. Steven Shi Fan POON Hong Kong Institution of Engineers

Prof. S.M. ROWLINSON University of Hong Kong (Department of Real Estate & Construction)

Prof. Marc Aurel SCHNABEL The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Dr. Stewart WAN Hong Kong Institute of Building Information Modelling

Dr. Wei PAN University of Hong Kong (Department of Civil Engineering)

Mr. Ronnie WONG Buildings Department

Mr. Joe Kam Fai WU Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors (Quantity Surveying)

Mr. Raymond WU Architectural Services Department

Mr. David Kai Cheung YAU The Real Estate Developers Association of Hong Kong

Mr. YIP Yin Yung Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors (Building Surveying)

Mr. WONG Chi Kwong Hong Kong Institution of Engineers

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Annex B

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Membership List of

the Task Group on Establishment of Industry Standard

Members

Representative of:

Mr. David Chi Keung CHAN The Association of Architectural Practices

Mr. Clement CHUNG

The Association of Consulting Engineers of Hong Kong

Mr. Michael KWOK Hong Kong Institute of Architects

Mr. LAM Kuen

Development Bureau

Mr. Francis LEUNG The Association of Consulting Engineers of Hong Kong/ Hong Kong Institute of BIM

Mr. David MAK Hong Kong Housing Authority

Mr. Joe Kam Fai WU Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors (Quantity Surveying)

Mr. Harry WU MTR Corporation

Mr. David Kai Cheung YAU The Real Estate Developers Association of Hong Kong

Mr. WONG Chi Kwong Hong Kong Institution of Engineers

Convenor and Secretary

CIC Secretariat

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Annex C

References • AEC (UK) BIM Standard (2009). • AEC (CAN) BIM Protocol (2012). • Australian Institute of Architects, Consult Australia, Autodesk, “BIM In Australia”

(2010).

• BIM User Guide for Development and Construction Division of Hong Kong Housing Authority (2009).

• Cabinet Office, Department of Business, Innovation and Skills, UK Government (2011), “BIM: The UK Government Value Proposition”.

• Center for Integrated Facility Engineering, Stanford University (2008), “Applications of BIM and Hurdles for Widespread Adoption of BIM”.

• Center for Infrastructure and Construction Industry Development (2012) “RIVANS for TAM” Workshop”.

• CRC Construction Innovation (2007), “Business Drivers for BIM”. • David Matthews (2011), “Rise of the Machines: BIM and QSs”. • Department of Business, Innovation and Skills, UK Government (2011), “A Report

for the Government Construction Client Group BIM Working Party Strategy Paper”.

• The Government of the United Kingdom (2012), “Industrial Strategy: Government and Industry in Partnership”.

• Hang Li, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (2011), “Challenges of Using Virtual Construction to Improve Productivity”.

• Howard W. Ashcraft, Jr. Esquire “Implementing BIM: A Report from the Field on Issues and Strategies”. The 47th Annual Meeting of Invited Attorneys.

• McGraw Hill Construction (2012), “The Business Value of BIM for Infrastructure”. • National Institute of Building Sciences (2007), “National Building Information

Standard”.Salman Azhar, Michael Hein and Blake Sketo (2007) “BIM: Benefit, Risks and Challenges”.

• Singapore Building and Construction Authority (2011), “BCA BIM Roadmap” • Ted Sive and Matt Hays (2007) “BIM: A Marketing Primer and Call to Action”. • http://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk (2011), “BIM? Never Heard of it.” • http://www.bimtaskgroup.org

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