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FINAL CAMPAIGN REPORT Sungai Putri Peat Swamp Forest Complex
Ketapang District, West Kalimantan
Prepared by: Ade Yuliani, Titian, 2010
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Table of Contents
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LIST OF DIAGRAMS 7
I. Executive Summary Error! Bookmark not defined. Formulation of Theory of Change Error! Bookmark not defined. Narration of Theory of Change Error! Bookmark not defined. Result of Theory of Change Error! Bookmark not defined. Focus on Conservation: The Sungai Putri Peat Swamp Forest Complex Error! Bookmark not defined. Land Ownership Status, Land Status and Management of the Region Error! Bookmark not defined.
II. The Conceptual Model 15 The Outline of Farmers Campaign Error! Bookmark not defined.
III. Creative Summary Error! Bookmark not defined. Creative Summary: Farmers Error! Bookmark not defined.
IV. Campaign Activities Error! Bookmark not defined. Activity 1. Weekly Radio Program 30 Activity 2: Mobile Cinema 33 Activity 3: Village Meetings 34 Activity 4: Public Service Announcements 41 Activity 5: Leaflet Production 42 Activity 6: Comics and Bookmarks 45 Activity 7: Participatory Video 48
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Activity 8: Special Event : Symphatetic Actions for the Earth 50 Activity 9: Credit Union Internship 53 Activity 10: Strategic Planning of CU Pentura Lestari 54
V. Campaign Results Error! Bookmark not defined. Method of Pre and Post Campaign Surveys Error! Bookmark not defined. Result of Pre and Post Campaign Surveys Error! Bookmark not defined. Exposure to Campaign Media Error! Bookmark not defined. Effects of Pride Campaign on SMART Objectives for Knowledge Error! Bookmark not defined. Effects of Pride Campaign on SMART Objectives for Attitude and Interpersonal Communication Error! Bookmark not defined. Effects of Pride Campaign on SMART Objectives for Behaviour 69 Facilitation in Developing Credit Union as a Barrier Removal Activity Error! Bookmark not defined.
VI. Critical Analysis Error! Bookmark not defined. Project Planning Stage Error! Bookmark not defined. Implementation Stage Error! Bookmark not defined.
VII. Follow Up Strategy Error! Bookmark not defined. Introduction Error! Bookmark not defined. Strategy 1. Increasing support towards conservation of the region 89 Strategy 2. Optimizing the role of CU in strengthening the community’s economy and encouraging behaviour change in the target audience 91 Strategy 3: Encouraging the formation of public management planning for the region of Sungai Putri 95 Conclusion Error! Bookmark not defined.
VIII. Attachments Error! Bookmark not defined. Campaign Material Pre Test (Brochures and ILM) 98 Pre Survey Questionnaire 101 Post Survey Questionnaire 117 A Comprehensive Result of Pre and Post Campaign Surveys 131 CUPL Policy Pattern Error! Bookmark not defined.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 160
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List of Tables TABLE 1. ILLEGAL LOGGING WORKERS 12 TABLE 2. DIRECT THREATS IN SUNGAI PUTRI FOREST AND THEIR INSTIGATING FACTORS 17 TABLE 3. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TARGET AUDIENCE, STAGES OF BEHAVIOUR AND MARKETING ACTIVITIES ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. TABLE 4. RESULT CHAIN AND SMART OBJECTIVES ON KNOWLEDGE FOR FARMERS 27 TABLE 5. RESULT CHAIN AND SMART OBJECTIVES ON ATTITUDE FOR FARMERS 29 TABLE 6. RESULT CHAIN AND SMART OBJECTIVES ON INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION FOR FARMERS 29 TABLE 7. RSPDK RADIO PROGRAM MONTHLY THEMES 31 TABLE 8. GEMA SOLIDARITAS FM RADIO OBSESI PROGRAM MONTHLY THEMES 32 TABLE 9. SCHEDULE OF VILLAGE MEETINGS FOR ORGANIZING CU IN SUNGAI PUTRI 36 TABLE 10. ENERGY SAVING LIGHT BULBS DISTRIBUTION 51 TABLE 11. RESULT CHAIN AND SMART OBJECTIVES ON BEHAVIOUR FOR FARMERS 52 TABLE 12. NUMBER OF HEADS OF FAMILY IN TARGET VILLAGES 56 TABLE 13. QUESTIONNAIRE DISTRIBUTION 57 TABLE 14. CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS IN TARGET VILLAGES 58 TABLE 15. EXPOSURE TO CAMPAIGN MEDIA 59 TABLE 16. RESPONDENTS RECEIPT OF THE MESSAGE OF ‘GETTING TO KNOW THE BENEFITS OF FOREST’ BROCHURE 61 TABLE 17. RESPONDENTS RECEIPT OF THE MESSAGE OF ‘FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE’ BROCHURE 61 TABLE 18. RESPONDENTS RECEIPT OF THE MESSAGE OF ‘REDD’ BROCHURE 62 TABLE 19. CHANGES IN KNOWLEDGE VARIABLES BETWEEN THE PRE AND POST CAMPAIGN SURVEYS 63 TABLE 20. CHANGES IN ATTITUDE AND INTERPESONAL COMMUNICATION VARIABLES BETWEEN THE PRE AND POST CAMPAIGN SURVEYS 66 TABLE 21. CHANGES IN BEHAVIOUR VARIABLES BETWEEN THE PRE AND POST CAMPAIGN SURVEYS 70 TABLE 22. COMPARISON OF NUMBER OF WORKERS, WORKHOPS AND LOGGING TOOLS IN 2008 ‐ 2010 77 TABLE 23. ACTIVITIES TO INCREASE SUPPORT FOR CONSERVATION OF THE REGION 89 TABLE 24. CAPACITY BUILDING ACTIVITIES FOR CU ADMINISTRATORS AMD MANAGEMENT TEAM 92 TABLE 25. DEVELOPMENT OF VILLAGE PLANNING 96 TABLE 26. DEMOGRAPHY OF RESPONDENTS 131 TABLE 27. TRUSTED SOURCES OF INFORMATION 133 TABLE 28. MEDIA QUESTIONS ON MEDIA ACCESS/USE 135 TABLE 29. QUESTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE 140 TABLE 30. QUESTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE 142 TABLE 31. QUESTIONS ON INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION AND PERSONAL EFFECTIVENESS 144 TABLE 32. QUESTIONS ON BEHAVIOUR 145 TABLE 33. BARRIERS TO BEHAVIOUR CHANGE 147 TABLE 34. EXPOSURE TO CAMPAIGN ACTIVITIES 149
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List of Photographs
PHOTOGRAPH 1 CONSENSUS TRAINING WORKSHOP IN THE VILLAGE OF SUNGAI PUTRI PHOTOGRAPH 2. RADIO PROGRAMS IN GEMA SOLIDARITAS FM RADIO 1 PHOTOGRAPH 3. MOBILE CINEMA IN THE VILLAGE OF TANJUNG BAIK BUDI 1 PHOTOGRAPH 4. ORGANIZING CREDIT UNION IN THE VILLAGE OF TEMPURUKAN ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. PHOTOGRAPH 5. FLIPCHART, A TOOL FOR EXPLAINING THINGS ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. PHOTOGRAPH 6. GROUP DISCUSSION 1 PHOTOGRAPH 7. PUBLIC SERVICE AD PRODUCTION 1 PHOTOGRAPH 8. TRAINING ON PRODUCTION OF PARTICIPATORY VIDEO 1 PHOTOGRAPH 9. THE REGIONAL SECRETARY OF THE DISTRICT OF KETAPANG ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. PHOTOGRAPH 10. PANTURA LESTARI CU STRATEGIC PLANNING ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. PHOTOGRAPH 11. MR. A.R. MECER FACILITATING PANTURA LESTARI CU STRATEGIC PLANNING ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. PHOTOGRAPH 12. ELECTED PANTURA LESTARI CU ADVISORS AND MANAGEMENT 1 PHOTOGRAPH 13. THE FIRST DAY IN SERVICE :PANTURA LESTARI CU ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
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List of Images
IMAGE 1. SUNGAI PUTRI FOREST COMPLEX LOCATION MAP 1 IMAGE 2. RECOGNIZING THE BENEFITS OF FOREST LEAFLET ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. IMAGE 3. REDD AND CLIMATE CHANGE LEAFLETS 1 IMAGE 4. COMIC BOOK 1 IMAGE 5. COMICS STORYBOARD SAMPLE ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. IMAGE 6. BOOKMARKS TO BE INSERTED IN THE COMIC BOOKS ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. IMAGE 7. CU PANTURA LESTARI LOGO 1 IMAGE 8. CU PANTURA LESTARI LOGO MAIN PRODUCTS 1
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Daftar Diagram List of Diagrams
DIAGRAM 1. REVISED CONCEPTUAL MODEL 16 DIAGRAM 2. LOGGING FACTORS CHAIN (I) 19 DIAGRAM 3. LOGGING FACTORS CHAIN (II) 20 DIAGRAM 4. RESULTS CHAIN 21 DIAGRAM 5. PANTURA LESTARI CU ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE 74
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I. Executive Summary
Formulation of Theory of Change
K+ A+ IC+ BR BC TR CR Social marketing campaign to improve farmers’ understanding about:
The functions of peat swamp forest in preventing sea water intrusion and supporting farming efforts
The function of peat swamp forest for carbon sequestration
Benefits of Credit Union
Social marketing campaign gave rise to:
Well preserved peat swamp forest which can prevent sea water intrusion and failed harvests
Farmers agreeing that the peat swamp forest need to be conserved.
CU being able to strengthen the community’s capitalization
Social marketing campaign increased discussion between farmers about:
The importance of conserving Sungai Putri peat swamp forest
Benefits of Credit Unions
BR partner facilitates the founding of CU for farmers to gain easier access to business capital
Partner agency introduces carbon financing mechanism (as a long term goal)
• Farmers support CU as shown in willingness to be members
• Farmers use CU to get business capital
• Farmers develop business (or start a new business) and slowly leave illegal logging and forest clearing.
Logging in Sungai Putri Peat Swamp Forest Complex declines
Preserving Sungai Putri peat swamp forest as habitat of orangutan Kalimantan (P.p. wurmbii)
In July 2010, 31,20%
of farmers in 4 target villages around the Sungai Putri forest understood the function of peat swamp forest to prevent intrusion (increased by 43% compared to result of pre campaign
In July 2010, 29,40% farmers in the 4 target villages agreed on the connection between logging and sea water intrusion (up 26,25% from the pre‐campaign survey result)
In July 2010, 48,40% farmers in the 4 target villages agreed the peat swamp forest of Sungai Putri needs conservation (up 1,25% from the pre‐campaign survey result)
In July 2010, 39,8% farmers in the 4 target villages agreed to jointly develop CU as a vehicle to save money and create a common capital for business and welfare purposes (up
Strategic planning of CU Pantura was done in the fourth week of July 2010. This strategic planning marked the founding of this CU and this CU will be able to serve the public especially the target audience.
Village meeting especially to discuss
On 23rd July 2010, CU Pantura Lestari was founded with 12 initial members and a total asset of Rp 29.945.000.
However, because it has just been founded, the target audience hasn’t been able to capitalize on
Because CU has just been founded, target audience haven’t been able to use capital from it, and it is therefore too early to assess the impact of this innovation in reduction of threats in the Sungai Putri fores area and its conservation achievement. Only after at least one year can we assess this.
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survey) In July 2010, 28,40%
farmers in 4 target villages around the Sungai Putri forest understood the function of peat swamp forest as carbon sequestration (up 39,75% from the pre‐campaign survey result)
In July 2010, 98,1% of farmers in the 4 target villages around the Sungai Putri forest understood Credit Union as a common vehicle/ efforts for savings and borrowing (a change of +31,2 pp dari from the pre‐campaign survey result).
Find full report in Chapter IV.
39,75% from the pre‐campaign survey result)
In July 2010, intensity of farmers’ communication in the 4 target villages about the need to conserve the peat swamp forest went up to 40,30% (an increase of 33,25% from the pre‐campaign survey result)
In July 2010, the intensity of farmers’ communication in the 4 target villages about the benefits of CU was 10,20% (down by 46% from the pre‐campaign survey result)
Although the intensity of farmers communication about CU benefits declined, the communication intensity about how to develop and self‐reliance went up from 14,30% to 42,40%.
Find full report in Chapter IV
the initiation of the REDD project in Sungai Putri have been held.
Find full report in Chapter IV.
the available capital and start their own business. Only in Oktober can we see how they use the capital they can have access to in CUPL.
Theory of Change Narration
One of the factors that leads to logging in the Sungai Putri Peat Swamp Forest Complex is the lack of capital for business development. Therefore, to reduce the threat of logging we need to meet the community’s needs for capital and income generating alternatives. A
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Credit Union is a vehicle that farmers may develop to collect a joint capital and use it for productive purposes. Apart from that, farmers as the key target audience will be given information about the functions of the peat swamp forest as a buffer against sea water intrusion and as a means of carbon sequestration. Farmers will agree that conservation of peat swamp forest is necessary to keep sea water, which may cause harvest failure, from intruding. The farmers will also agree that CU can help strengthen their capitalization. The expected behaviour change is that the farmers support CU by showing their willingness to become members. They may utilize CU to borrow business capital to develop an independent business. By June 2010 there will be at least 150 farmers who will have joined CU as members.
The Result of the Theory of Change
This campaign is built based on the assumption that if farmers can have easier access to capital for establishing a business, they will slowly reduce their dependence on the forest. CU, a financial institution whose main business activity is saving and lending, has been introduced to and jointly developed with the community in the village of Sungai Putri. When founded there were 12 members with total assets of Rp 29.945.0001. Slowly the number of farmers joining increased. At present the intervention action taken to improve the target audience’s knowledge about the conservation of the area has been developing the basic CU education module with a conservation perspective. In the future, it will be necessary to create a system that will encourage farmers who are CU members to
reduce their illegal logging activities in the area. An example will be setting certain criteria for loans. Members from villages no longer engaged in illegal logging or not doing much of it will be given a higher loan platform. Titian will monitor the area and illegal loggers on a regular basis and the result will serve as a base for the CU management team to assess loan requests. For this to happen, follow up work needs to be done.
Focus of Conservation: Sungai Putri Peat Swamp Forest
1 Target kumulatif asset, sedangkan asset ril saat baru terventuk adalah sekitar 12 juta Cummulative asset target. Real asset at the time of founding was abot 12 miilion.
Image 1. Map showing the Sungai Putri Firest Complex
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Sungai Putri Forest Complex is located in the north of the District of Ketapang, West Kalimantan. From Ketapang, Sungai Putri is about 40 Km away and can be accessed by land and water transportation. It is under the administration of three (3) Sub‐Districts (Muara Pawan, Matan Hilir Utara and Nanga Tayap) and shares its borders with 8 villages (Tempurukan, Ulak Medang, Tanjungpura, Mayak, Sungai Putri, Kuala Tolak, Tanjung Baik Budi and Sungai Kelik). The gateway into the forest area is the village of Kuala Tolak.
Sungai Putri is about 70,000 hectares dominated by a vast ombrogenic peat dome. A small part of its habitatnya consists of fresh water swamp and lowland forest. Sungai Putri Forest Complex was an HPH consession forest in the 1970s. This area used to be well‐known for its high potential for ramin timber (Gonystilus bancanus). This activity has made the area of Sungai Putri into a mozaic of secondary woodland. Primary forest can only be found in the center of the peat dome. The depth of peat here is known to reach 15 metres. This shows that Sungai Putri has a very important role for carbon sequestration.
The Sungai Puteri peat forest ecosystem has a role as a buffer against water for the surrounding areas. This ecosystem is also an orangutan habitat, which constitutes the main subject of Forestry Minister Ordinance Number P. 53/Menhut‐IV/2007 about the Indonesia’s Strategies and Ation Plan for the Conservation of Orangutan 2007 ‐ 2017. Based on the result of the biological survey of FFI – Kalimantan Programme (2008 Unpublished2), Sungai Putri is the second largest important habitat of orangutan in the District of Ketapang after Gunung Palung National Park (2500 individuals). The orangutan population here is estimated to be 668 individuals, with a range between 500 – 900 individuals and its density is about 1,2 individuals/Km2.
Apart from the above, the important value of Sungai Putri region is as follows:
1. Protecting the land (both the communities and farming lands) from sea water intrusion and the threat of beach abrasion 2. Water regulator, to prevent flooding in the wet season and provides a “filter” for fresh water springs for the farming land and
communities during the dry season. 3. To keep the climate stability for the sungai Putri peat micro ecosystem which provides the environmental conditions of stable
relative humidity and temperature.
Since the 1970s to 1980s era, the forest of Sungai Putri had been exploited for its lumber by companies holding logging concessions. The companies in operation here extracted mainly ramin wood (Gonystylus bancanus). They stopped their operations in the 80s, long before the Forestry Minitry issued the Ministerial Decree Number 168/Kpts‐IV/2001 regarding the Use and Distribution of Ramin
2 2This information on the biodiversity in Sungai Putri was quoted from the biology survey report of FFI– Kalimantan Programme (High Conservation Value Forest in Ketapang 2008 unpublished report). Prior to that , SIMPUR Foundation (West Kalimantan) had done a similar survey in Sungai Putri. However, up to now the result of this survey have not been published.
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Lumber (Gonystylus spp), which prohibit the use of the lumber. After those companies ceased operations, the villagers around the forest started their illegal logging activities. To date, this illegal logging is still ongoing. Most illegal loggers in this area are people living nearby. They do this for cash in hand.
In September 2008, Titian carried out an illegal logging threat assessment survey in Sungai Putri. The survey sites were at four locations i.e. the villages of Sungai Putri, Sungai Kelik (Sumber Priangan), Ulak Medang and Tanjung Pura. The results were as follows:
Table 1. Illegal Logging Workers
Sungai Putri Village
Sungai Kelik Village (Tanah Merah Hamlet)
Ulak Medang Village
Tanjung Pura Village
Keterangan
Workers Number of Groups
7 groups, 5 people/group at most
17 groups, 3 – 5 people/ group
2 groups, 2 – 3 people / group
3 groups, 2 people / group
Total 29 groups
Asal Origin Sungai Putri Village; town of Ketapang; Sukadana; Sambas
Hamlet of Sumber Priangan Sungai Putri Village
Ulak Medang Village; Sambas
Tanjung Pura Village
Local Villages, Ketapang, Sukadana, Sambas
Duration of Work
2 months – 1 year 1 month – 6 months 16 years 2 months 1 months – 16 years
Source: Titian Illegal Logging Investigation Data, 2008
The illegal logging activities in the block of Sungai Putri forest were carried out in groups. There were 29 groups of workers working in the four (4) villages. There were 7 groups in Sungai Putri Village, 17 groups in Desa Sungai Kelik Village (Sumber Priangan), 2 groups in Ulak Medang Village, and 3 groups in Tanjung Pura Village.
These logging workers mostly came from local villages and some were from the towns of Ketapang, Sukadana and Sambas. They had worked in the block from between 16 years at the longest and one (1) month, for the newest workers among them.
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Loggers coming from other villages usually built non‐permanent dwellings made of wood with a tarpaulin roof (called ‘bagan’ in the local language). They stayed in these bagans. For their daily needs, they shopped in the villages nearby.
Meanwhile, loggers from local villages usually did not build any dwellings. They went to the forest every morning at about six on bicycles that were designed to also carry timber. Most of local workers were paid to transport timber to the roadside or riverside.
Each group of loggers had one or two chainsaws to fell trees. The number of chainsaws circulating in the Sungai Putri forest was estimated to be around 32. However, some workers did not work in groups. They were perhaps paid to take the timber that had been cut down and it was cut into pieces by regular workers.
To transport the timber out of the forest, the workers used bicycles, carts and and rafts. Bicycles and carts were used to transport them along the forest roads made of sheets of wood to the village roads while rafts were used to get the timber out of the forest via the river. The logs were tied together into rafts and were floated in the river that would carry them away to the estuary.
The trees logged were of 4 kinds i.e. punak (Tetramerista glabra), cin (Dacrydium pectinatum), gerunggang (Cratoxylon glaucum) and ramin (Gonystylus bancanus). These four kinds of trees were logged once they reached a diametre of 10 to 15 cm. This timber is called cerucuk. The kinds of cerucuk timber did not undergo a selection process when logged.
The groups of timber workers working in the block of Sungai Putri forest produced 3 to 4 cubic metres of timber per day. The total produced by these workers was between 87 and 116 cubic metres a day.
If there were no efforts to prevent deforestation and forest degradation caused by the practice of illegal logging, within the next 20 years the forest in the Sungai Putri complex would suffer a lot more damage. The demand for local timber then would be higher while the supply would decrease.
Illegal logging is the main threat that we are trying to reduce using the Pride Campaign approach. Other threats including the land conversion into plantation plan, forest clearing to create new farming fields, forest fires, hunting and poison fishing.
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Status of Land Ownership, Status of Land and Region Management
The status of the Sungai Putri Forest complex based on the Decree of the Minister of Forestry and Plantation 259/Kpts‐II/2000 about forest and water areas is Production Forest and the Convertible Production Forest so its management is under the authority of the Forestry Department with the Ketapang District Forestry Office as its local branch.
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II. Conceptual Model
The Sungai Putri Peat Swamp Forest Complex (KHRG) conceptual model formulation was carried using the Technology of Participation (ToP) method through a consensus building workshop. ToP was developed by the Institute of Cultural Affairs (ICA). In this method, the stakeholders’ participation or involvement is an integral part of all aspects of exploration and of decision making.
This consensus workshop was held on February 2009 and was attended by 39 people who were the representatives of 4 target villages, namely Tempurukan, Sei Putri, Tanjung Baik Budi and Kuala Tolak. These community representatives acted on behalf of the village administrations, public figures, religious figures, wood workers and the loggers.
The area covered by the project, or the conservancy target stipulated in this workshop, is KHRG Sungai Putri; the context for this discussion was the activities which disrupt the forest, the wildlife and river in Sungai Putri KHRG. The direct threats identified were written on cards and attached to the wall and then linked to the appropriate conservation targets with arrows. The participants also discussed and agreed on the driving factors behind the direct threats.
The concept model generated by this consensus workshop was then reviewed further by partners such as Fauna and Flora International‐Indonesia Programme (FFI‐IP) and the Department of Agriculture, related to the needs of the activities of the community around Sungai Putri forest in terms of agricultural land. After the campaign, a dynamic appeared in the field which had not previously been mapped in the initial conceptual model used for project planning. This initial project planning was then revised based on these findings as follows.
Photo 1 . Consensus workshop in Sungai Putri Village
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Chart 1. Revised Conceptual Model
[see Translator’s Appendix for key]
Contributing factors/ indirect threat [yellow box] Direct Threat [Red Box] Target [Green Sphere]
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Direct threats added were the forest conversion plan for palm oil plantation. This information was obtained based on the list of data on plantations issued by the Food Crops & Horticulture Agency in 2009.
The following is a brief overview of the direct threat and influential factors in the conceptual model presented above.
Table 2. Direct Threat and its stimulus in Sungai Putri Forest
Project Scope and Objectives Direct Threat Influential Factor (including indirect threats)
Sungai Putri Peat Swamp Forest Complex (KHRG)
Peat Swamp Forest Wildlife River
Logging
Threat Category IUCN: 5.3.
Tree logging
Wood harvesting
Weak law enforcement, and the officers’ mentality, a desire to enrich themselves, low‐protection efforts, no area managers unit, limited employment alternatives, limited expertise, unavailability of venture capital, low education level.
Regarding the absence of area management unit, when the campaign was carried out, there was only one HPH concession in the West area of Sungai Putri. This company already had a license but it has never carried out any activity. As an effort to conserve the area, as well as to encourage the area management unit, FFI‐IP initiated an effort to reduce emissions from forest degradation through HPH ecological restoration (HPH‐RE). Titian herself, in a phase of this campaign, helped to disseminate information about REDD.
Lack of knowledge about peat land forest functions, there has not been any dissemination of information about the peat forest
Crop failure
Subsistence needs
Limited community economic empowerment programs, the
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government is not aware of the problems in these villages
Local market demand, infrastructure development, the limited availability of wood from other areas
The workshop participants agreed that wood utilization activities without permission are the threat which has the most impact on the existence of the Sungai Putri peat swamp forest. This is also corroborated by the direct observation in the field and through conversation with some of the key stakeholders. Lack of public knowledge about the peat swamp forest functions and the limited employment alternatives due to limited capital, need to be resolved to help reduce the use of timber inside the area.
1. Job opportunities can be created if the community has a place to access capital for more sustainable business development.
There is Lack of promising job opportunities; therefore the efforts to reduce timber harvesting will not be optimal. Nonetheless, the community needs to have basic capital for developing their own small businesses. A place to access the capital needs to be created.
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2. The target audience’s knowledge about the peat swamp forest functions needs to be improved
Regarding the area status and the absence of Sungai Putri peat swamp forest management units, up to this time communities around the forest have never been educated concerning to the functions of the forest. To gain the target audience’s support in reducing the threat, its knowledge about the ecological value of the region needs to be improved.
Diagram 3. Logging Factor Chain (ii) [see Translator’s Appendix for key]
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The Pride Campaign seeks to improve the knowledge about self‐sufficiency (through the concept of Credit Unions) and the functions of peat swamp forests, mainly as the storage of carbon and to prevent seawater intrusion, which is needed to support the community’s agricultural activities. The assumption is that this intervention will develop attitudes of self‐reliance (which is indicated through the establishment of Credit Union) and support for Sungai Putri forest conservation. In the end, it will have an impact in terms of a reduction of logging in the area. This hypothesis is shown in the following results chain:
Diagram 4. Results Chain
[see Translator’s Appendix for key]
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The Theory of Change (TOC) the campaign used is described as follows:
One of the factors leading to logging in Sungai Putri Peat Swamp Forest Complex is the lack of capital for business development. To reduce the threat of logging in Sungai Putri, it is necessary to respond to the needs of the community regarding capital and revenue alternatives. CU is an institution that can be developed by farmers to generate joint‐capital and utilize it for productive purposes. In addition, the farmers as the main target audience will be given some information about the functions of peat swamp forests including preventing intrusion of sea water and storing carbon. Farmers would agree that the peat swamp forests should be preserved to prevent the intrusion of salt water which can cause crop failure. Farmers also agree that CU can help strengthen their capital. the expected behaviour changes is that the farmers support the CU as shown by their willingness to become members. Farmers make use of CU to borrow operating capital , then use it to develop a self‐supporting business. In June 2010, at least 150 farmers become members of the CU.
As a guide to the campaign achievements, SMART goals are created; these monitor metrics and strategies to achieve the objectives of the campaign.
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Farmers Campaign Framework
Farmers agreed about the connection between logging and intrusion of sea water, increased from 18.9% to 58.9%
Farmers agreed that Sungai Putri peat swamp forests should be conserved increased from 47.9% to 87.9% in June 2010.
Farmers would agree to develop the CU together to save money and create a joint capital for business purposes and the welfare, increased from 23.9% to 63.9% in June 2010.
KHRG Sungai Putri is cared
Illegal logging is dwindling
Farmers Support to be members of the CU and agreement not to perform logging
Adequacy capital collected by CU which formed in community
Intensive communication to build self‐reliance and mobilize the support for Sungai Putri forest protection
The attitude of independence (CU) and support for Sungai Putri conservation is formed
Knowledge about the independence of capital venture and the ecological value of Sungai Putri forests starts to be formed
KHRG Sungai Putri is cared
The number or logging actors in Sungai Putri is lessen as much as 30% in June 2010
150 CU active members borrowed capital savings and save money in June 2010
150 CU Members sign an agreement not to perform logging
As much as 150 farmers become the CU member in June 2010
Increase the communication intensity of the farmers about the need of peat swamp forest conservation from 27% to 67% in June 2010.
Increase the communication intensity to the farmers about the benefits of the CU increased from 14.3% to 54.3% in
June 2010.
Farmers' knowledge about the functions of peat swamp forests to prevent intrusion of sea water increased from 14% to 54% in June 2010
Farmers' knowledge on the functions of peat swamp forests as carbon storage increased from 12.5% to 52.5% in June 2010
Farmer’s knowledge about the benefits of the CU as a joint effort for the savings and loans increased from 6.7% to 46.7% in June 2010
Illegal logging actors monitoring in the four points in the region
Providing easy steps of borrowing capital for business development
Socialization, discussion, fact sheet, visits to the nearest CU, internships
CU FormingFace to Face Discussion
Face to Face Discussion, PSA
Talk show, PSA, mobile cinema, Discussion, fact sheet
Illegal logging monitoring and investigation
Direct Discussion
Secondary data Analysis
Secondary Data Analysis
Pre and post survey
Pre and post survey
Pre and post Survey
Sungai PutriPeat Swamp forest LoggingLimited job
alternatives Limited expertise Capital
unavailability
Lack of society knowledge about peat swamp forests
Low Education Level
There has been no socialization about the peat swamp forests
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III. Creative Summary
This creative summary is based on the questionnaire survey results which were gathered from the target audience. The survey results have shown the information channels used by the target audience. A creative summary helps to direct the campaign materials production and the main messages conveyed in the campaign.
Creative Summary: Farmers
Desired Outcomes Farmers support the carbon trading program in the area Farmers become active members of the Credit Union (CU) Farmers take advantage of the CU to obtain a productive loan Farmers are able to manage their family finances Farmers develop entrepreneurship and slowly reduce their dependence on the Sungai Putri peat
swamp forests, especially their need for timber and cash Obstructions Limited knowledge about carbon trading
Limited knowledge about the benefits of forests for agricultural businesses Farmers' limited knowledge about the CU Need to foster public trust in the CU Difficulties in saving money because of the low standard of living
Benefit Exchange By becoming a member of the CU, farmers are able to: Obtain a loan of capital for business Get health and life insurance Save for their old age Behave legally Carry out no illegal logging Indirectly, maintain their water sources in Sungai Putri peat swamp forest complex By supporting the carbon trading program: The forest remains intact
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The benefits of the forest can always be felt There is income stability (from REDD) for the community
Support Regulation at the national level (Law 41/1999 on Forestry, Government Regulation No. 34/2002 concerning the forest system and RPH on the Forest Management and Forest Area Utilization)
Support from partner agencies engaged in eliminating obstructions Biological Survey data which shows the ecological value of KHRG Sungai Putri.
Image Smart farmers who are able to develop agricultural business/ independent farms Responsible heads of family managing family finances Farmers who are concerned about the protection of the Sungai Putri peat swamp forest
Slots The campaign messages are able to be delivered every: Morning (6:00 to 12:00 pm) and afternoon (15:00 to 18:00 pm), when farmers listen to radio At village meetings At weekly recitations On public or national holidays
The survey ascertained that the orangutan is a species which become a source of pride and always in the thoughts of the Sungai Putri forest community. However, the orangutan was not used as the campaign mascot since the target audience was not inclined to discuss it further. The slogan chosen was “live better, the best legacy”. This slogan was discussed at the materials trial for the campaign. At the consensus workshop, the participants consisted of representatives from the village administrations, community leaders, and the forest resources consumers suggested applying some other name apart from Sungai Putri. This was because this name gives the impression that the peat swamp forest area is located only inside the Sungai Putri village area, so the other target villages would not feel obliged to participate in the discussion process and the activities which would be conducted. Based on this input, interviews with some key leaders were conducted to examine the local names in the forest area, and indeed there has never been a special designation for the Sungai Putri forest. After conducting discussions with the campaign team, all members agreed to name it Sentap Kancang, adapted the forest block’s name in the Minister of Forestry Certificate 259/Kpts‐II/2000 about forests and waters. This name was used in every activity, for all campaign materials and all messages. Subsequently, based on the target audience circumstances, the stages of behaviour, and the expected image, the plans for marketing activities were drawn up as follows:
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Table 3. The Relation between Target Audiences, Stages of Behaviour and the Marketing Activities
Target Audiences Stages of Behaviour Marketing Activities K1 = information dissemination to improve
knowledge about the functions of peat swamp forests
Radio programs, public service announcements, brochures, mobile cinema, workshops
K = information dissemination to improve knowledge about the benefits of Credit Unions
Village meetings
IC2 = A + emotional messages to promote communication and interpersonal attitudes towards Sungai Putri forest protection efforts
leaflets, public service announcements
Farmers
BC3 = to promote, stimulate and create a model of behaviour change to support the
entrepreneurships (Credit Union) and Sungai Putri forest protection
Working with religious leaders
K= Knowledge A= Attitude IC= Interpersonal communication BC= Behaviour change
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IV. CAMPAIGN PROGRAM
Campaign Activities: Description and Evaluation of their Effectiveness
Table 4. Results Chains and SMART Objectives related to Farmers’ Knowledge
Target Audience: Farmers Theory Of Change Step Knowledge Results Chain Increased knowledge about the function of peat land
Increased knowledge about the capacity to be self‐reliant and use business capital
SMART Objectives In July 2010, 31.20% of farmers in the 4 target villages in the Sungai Putri forest area understood the function of peat swamp forest in preventing intrusion (a 43% increase compared to the the pre‐campaign survey result)
In July 2010, 28.40% of farmers in the 4 target villages in the Sungai Putri forest area understood the function of peat swamp forest as a carbon store (a 39.75% increase compared to the the pre‐campaign survey result)
In July 2010, 98.1% of farmers in the 4 target villages in the Sungai Putri forest area understood the Credit Union’s role as a forum and cooperative business for saving and borrowing (a 31.2% increase compared to the the pre‐campaign survey result).
The number of farmers who understand Credit Unions which is used to measure the SMART objectives in this final report is different from that used in the project planning document. This is because in the pre‐campaign survey results there were answers that in fact indicated the same ideas but they were not grouped together. When analyzing the post‐campaign survey results, the answers to survey questions relating to the the definition of SMART objectives for knowledge about Credit Unions were grouped toegther, affecting the
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figures.
Backing up these SMART objectives, we can see a reduction of target audience respondents who did not understand Credit Unions from 15.6% to 0%.
Indeed, looking at all the answers given by the respondents, there was no misunderstanding of the Credit Unions. However, when the SMART objectives were being defined, the campaign manager had only one answer option (media/cooperative savings business) that did not consider other options. The campaign manager did not bear in mind the fact that the questions posed were open questions and that there was the possibility of different answers arising.
Another question that indicates a change in the knowledge of the target audience was whether the respondent had ever heard about Credit Unions. Those answering yes increased by 31.2% from 18.1% to 49.3%.
However, the error frequency for the answers to questions used to define the SMART objectives for knowledge about Credit Unions was quite high (11.9%). This may have been caused by the fact that the number of respondents who answered the question in the pre‐campaign survey (45 out of 265 respondents) was far less than those answering it in the post‐campaign survey (109 out of 220 respondents).
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Table 5. Results Chains and SMART Objectives related to Farmers’ Attitudes
Target Audience: Farmers Theory Of Change Step Attitudes Results Chain A decrease in the attitude of being overly dependent on wood from the forest
An increase in attitudes of self‐reliance and an ability to improve their quality life on their own
SMART Objectives In July 2010, 29.40% of farmers in the 4 target villages agreed that is a link between logging and the intrusion of sea water (a 26.25% increase compared to the the pre‐campaign survey result)
In July 2010, 48.40% of farmers in the 4 target villages agreed that the Sungai Putri peat swamp forest needs to be conserved (a 1.25% increase compared to the the pre‐campaign survey result)
In July 2010, 39.8% of farmers in the 4 target villages agreed to set up a Credit Union together for saving money and to create joint capitalor welfare and business purposes (a 39.75% increase compared to the the pre‐campaign survey result)
Table 6. Results Chains and SMART Objectives related to Interpersonal Communication for Farmers
Target Audience: Farmers Theory Of Change Step Interpersonal Communication Results Chain There was communication about the functions of the Sungai Putri forest and
efforts to secure it There was communication within the community about expanding their own
capital independently
SMART Objectives In July 2010, the intensity of communication between farmers in the 4 target
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villages about the need to preserve the peat swamp forest increased to 40.30% (a 33.25% increase compared to the the pre‐campaign survey result)
In July 2010, the intensity of communication between farmers in the 4 target villages about the benefits of a Credit Union was 10.20% (a 46% decrease compared to the the pre‐campaign survey result)
Despite the fact that the intensity of communication between farmers about the benefits of a Credit Union decreased, the intensity of communication between farmers about ways to develop capital and self‐reliance in fact increased from 14.30% to 42.40%. By the time the post‐campaign survey was carried out, the intensity of communication between farmers about setting up a Credit Union increased to 39.0% having started out with no on ediscussing this issue.
The activities carried out to increase knowledge and improve attitudes and interpersonal communication shared the same basis. One activity was employed to target these three variables.
Activity 1. Weekly Radio Program
Rationale for this activity: Farmers living in the area around the Sungai Putri peat swamp forest mostly look upon it as the habitat for orangutans and other wildflife. Only a handful recognize its function in preventing the intrusion of sea water which is closely related to their own farming activities. Apart from this, farmers’ knowledge about the forest’s function as a store of carbon needs to be increased bearing I mind the carbon credits mechanism that will be introduced in the future and which creates an alternative way of managing the forest area. Radio broadcasting was chosen because of its range which enables it to reach the entire target audience with a reasonable depth of content (it can Photo 2. Gema Solidaritas FM Radio Program
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be used to deliver detailed information or in an interactive format).
Description of the Activity: the radio broadcasts were made at two radio stations. The first of these radio programs was made at Radio Siaran Pemerintah Daerah Ketapang (RSPDK) starting in September 2009. The one hour program, which had no advertisements, was broadcast once a week. Titian only had to help the radio station with the operational costs and did not have to pay those responsible for the broadcast itself.
The choice of RSPDK was based on the findings of the pre‐campaign survey relating to sources of information which showed that RSPDK ranked second (25.7%) among the target audience. In fact local television is the first choice as a source of information for the target audience (93,6%) but the very high costs of making television programs for the campaign meant that radio was chosen as the means of disseminating information about Sungai Putri forest.
For these broadcasts, Titian only provided materials, while the station managers took responsibility for the broadcast itself, including finding a host for the show and ensuring that the agreed schedule was adhered to. The RSPDK program was broadcast every Monday from 15.00 – 16.00, West Indonesian Time (WIT).
The table below shows the monthly themes for the radio show from September to December 2009:
Table 7. Monthly Themes for the RSPDK Radio Program
No Month Theme Resource Person 1. September 2009 Introducing the Sungai Putri peat swamp
forest region Ketapang District Forestry Office, Fauna & Flora International‐IP (FFI‐IP)
2. October 2009 Introducing Credit Unions Titian, Credit Union activist 3. November 2009 Forests and Climate Change Titian and FFI‐IP 4. December 2009 Carbon CreditsMechanism Titian and FFI‐IP
After the evaluation carried out in January 2010, and based on a certain amount of discussions with people in the field, it was decided to discontinue the RSPDK broadcasts. Even though RSPDK was able to reach all parts of Ketapang District and its 395,076 inhabitants, it was found that many people in the target audience did not listen to the radio program making it ineffective. These local people prefer television. Furthermore, the restricted time of the broadcast didn’t make it possible for there to be interaction by way of listeners’ calls or for members of the target audience to interact with other listeners.
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In February 2010, Titian received an offer to broadcast an environmental program from Gema Solidaritas FM Radio. The program was called Obrolan Seputar Konservasi (Conversation on Conservation) hence the name “Obsesi”, and was broadcast every Tuesday at 10.00 (WIT), starting in March 2010. The campaign manager took direct responsibility for managing this program, starting with the preparation of materials and including the actual broadcast itself. The table below shows the monthly themes:
Table 8. Monthly Themes for Radio Gema Solidaritas FM’s ‘Obsesi’ Program
No Month Theme Resource Person 1. March 2010 Forests and Climate Change Titian, FFI‐IP 2. April 2010 Earth Day Titian 3. May 2010 Potential of Biodiversity in Ketapang and
Sungai Putri forest Titian
4. June 2010 REDD: An Alternative For Local Conservation Titian 5. July 2010 The Forest Community Titian, FFI‐IP
Each edition lasted two hours and had no advertisements. Gema Solidarita FM Radio provided this broadcast time for free. The program duration was long enough to allow interaction with listeners. During the program listeners could phone in to comment or ask questions about the things being discussed. The response we got from the listeners (not the target audience) were good. The broadcast theme attracting the most responses from the listeners was the ones about the Sungai Putri forest region and REDD. This program is still ongoing. The main reason for continuing it is that although the target audience the exposure was very limited, the response from listeners still exists and there is no expense involved in managing this program.
Lessons Learnt: It is important to foster good relations and cooperation with the media and other partner institutions. While working for another agency previously, the campaign manager had worked in cooperation with RSPDK. This relationship continued even when he moved to another agency. Therefore, when working on the Pride Campaign, it is not necessary to enter a long negotiation process to set up a new program for the radio station. This well managed relation also resulted in one (1) extra broadcast of a Public Service announcement produced by the agency.
The same thing happened with the Gema Solidaritas FM radio station. This community radio channel is managed by CU Pancur Solidaritas (CUPS) in Ketapang. While planning to develop a Credit Union in Sungai Putri, the campaign manager was often in contact with this CUPS. When they started to manage the radio station and the radio became operational, the management immediately contacted her and offered a slot for a program on the environment.
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Another lesson learnt, especially on making media effective for the target audience in the future, she wants to use a listener card which will enable listeners to send their greetings to family members or request their favorite songs. The card may make listeners wait
for their favorite program enthusiatically. Also, she wants a public figure from the target village to join the radio program as a resource person.
Activity 2: Mobile Cinema
Rationale for Activity: Mobile Cinema was chosen because it is a commuinity entertainment media that does’t need a lot of money and can involve a large number of target audience. By screening using a mobile cinema the campaign manager can also interract directly with the target audience to learn whether the message conveyed through audio visual media is well delivered. It is effective in terms of depth since it provides an opportunity for an interractive discussion with target audience whereas it reach is considered low‐ medium especially due to logistic and technology involved.
Descripton of Activity: Mobile Cinema screened twice during the campaign period, both in August 2009 as an opening act for campaign activities. This mobile cinema was done in cooperation with Palung Foundation which is a non‐governmental organization working for the conservation of orangutan and their habitat in the District of Ketapang. The cinema screened in the villages of Tanjung Baik Budi and Sungai Putri.
Before the screening, we consulted the heads of the two villages who gave us input on where to screen the film. For Tanjung Village screening was to be done on the courtyard of SDN 02 (Sekolah Dasar Negeri = Public Elementary School). This location was considered well appointed as it was near the border of Kuala Tolak village. This encouraged participation of target audience in both Kuala Tolak and Tanjung Baik Budi villages. Meanwhile, the recommended venue for the village of Sungai Putri was the courtyard of SDN 01.
Photo 3. Mobile cinema in Tanjung Baik Budi village
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In order to attract viewers, the first film screened was a commercial film. When the audience had grown, the screening was interrupted and a slideshow about Sungai Putri peat swamp forest was screened. The slideshow contained information on the size of the region, its potential and its importance for the people living around it. In the village of Tanjung Baik Budi there were at least 350 people in the audience while in the village of Sungai Putri there were at least 200 people.
To make sure of the audience reception of the information relayed, the campaign manager arranged a quiz with prizes. Questions included the functions of peat swamp forest, protected wildlife living in the region and their roles for the ecosystem. The audience succesfully answered all questions.
Lessons Learnt: The target audience liked this media a lot although there were more children attending than adults. In the future, in order to attract more adult audience the campaign manager wants to arrange a quiz with household utensils for prizes. Also, the
screening should be advertised around the villages. Apart from that, this activity may be replicated over and over again to relay conservation messages to target audiences. This activity may get many people involved and is relatively inexpensive.
Activity 3: Village Meetings
Rationale for Activity: village meetings were chosen as a forum to impart information about forest, climate change and Credit Union (CU) in more detail. Village meetings also enable us to know immediately the reception of the target audience of the information imparted. Based on the pre campaign survey, the media the community used most for communication was the village meetings (43%). Although this activity may have high intensity, its reach is low. Meaning, the audience reached is rather limited. To be able to reach more people, more resources, be it time, money and human resources, are needed.
Description of Activity: village meetings organized during the campaign period were grouped based on the information imparted. There was a special meeting dedicated to discussing forest and climate change, and another which only discussed Credit Unions and its correlation to forest conservation. This was done to prevent giving too much information at any one time which would need much time as meetings were done in the evening.
Photograph 4. Organizing the Credit Union in the village of Tempurukan
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Six village meetings on Credit Unions were held in October 2009. This series of meetings were designed as a kaleidoscope. The rational objective was to provide the target audience with an understanding of what a Credit Union is, its benefits in strengthening their economy and what its correlation to Sungai Putri region conservation efforts is. Whereas its empirical objective was to replace wood related work image with other endeavors which are more sustainable and profitable. In these meeting we used power point presentatiosn and documentary films as aids.
To facilitate the meetings, the campaign manager asked an expert for support, in this case Credit Union activist Mariamah Achmad. Mariamah Achmad and the agency Gemawan are experienced in setting up the first Credit Unions in the Melayu community in West Kalimantan. This was done in order that the community receive adequate information and at the same time we could gain their trust. During the meetings we identified some target audience members who were sufficiently critical and had the potential to be community motivators. Village meetings to introduce CU were repeated from the end of April to May 2010. These meetings were held to encourage people to join and be the first members of the CU intended to start in July 2010.
In addition, in preparation for the founding of CU in Sungai Putri, a series of meetings with the pioneers of the CU were organized. These meetings were for discussing technical preparation for strategic planning scheduled for the end of July. The following is the schedule for the village meetings for organizing CU from October to July 2010.
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Table 9. Schedule of Village Meetings for Organizing CU in Sungai Putri
No Date Location Agenda 1 17 October 2009 Sungai Putri Village Introducing CU
2 18 October 2009 Tanjung Baik Budi Village
Introducing CU
3 19 October 2009 Sungai Putri Village Introducing CU
4 19 October 2009 Tempurukan Village Introducing CU
5 20 October 2009 Kuala Tolak Village Introducing CU
6 26 October 2009 Tempurukan Village Introducing CU
7 28 October 2009 Sungai Putri Villagev Name Proposals Staff candidates criteria Proposals of agencies for Internship
Internship Funding Plans 8 2 December 2009 Sungai Putri Village Update on development of staff
candidates recruitment 9 22 January 2010 Sungai Putri Village Formation of Committee for the
founding of Northern Shore CU Committee work schedule
formulation Preparation for discussion with
BKCUK 10 25 January 2010 Sungai Putri Village Discussion with BKCUK (A.R. Mecer,
Silvia Sayu) 11 3 February 2010 Sungai Putri Village Strenghtening understanding of CU
and CU management
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No Date Location Agenda 12 15 March 2010 Sungai Putri Village Internship Preparation 13 16 March 2010 Sungai Putri Village Preparatory course for staff‐to‐be 14 11 April 2010 Sungai Putri Village Formulation of Pantai Utara CU
products, new member requirements, determining temporary site of service
15 25 April 2010 Sungai Putri Village Establishing village meeting schedule for first CU’s members intake
16 28 April 2010 Sungai Putri Village Introducing CU (motivational education)
17 2 May 2010 Tempurukan Village Introducing CU (motivational education)
18 7 May 2010 Sungai Putri Village Introducing CU (motivational education)
19 12 May 2010 Sungai Putri Village Introducing CU (motivational education)
20 21 May 2010 Sungai Putri Village Introducing CU (motivational education)
21 25 May 2010 Tempurukan Village Introducing CU (motivational education)
22 14 July 2010 Sungai Putri Village Preparation for Strategic Planning 23 19 July 2010 Sungai Putri Village Final check up for strategic planning
preparation
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In June there was no meeting at all due to the unconducive political situation following Round 1 of the local election. This was also a barrier and emphasized the fact that meetings have low outreach potential; certain situations make it difficult to use them to reach the target audience.
Special meetings to discuss forest and climate change started in December 2009 and continued until Februariy 2010. The rational objective of these meetings was to develop understanding about the benefits of having forest, climate change and REDD as well as develop an understanding and getting feedback on the REDD scheme which was to be initiated in Sungai Putri. The empirical objective was that the community would start discussing REDD program plans in Sungai Putri. It was also to encourage the community to respond positively to the REDD plan.
To ensure that the meetings were ‘friendly’ and every one was able to get involved in the discussions, the Campaign Manager adopted a lively technique of facilitation. Meetings started with ‘face drawing’. Participants sat in pairs and drew their partner’s face on a piece of paper using felt pen or crayon. They were also instructed to get as much information as possible about their partner. Afterward, they tell the forum about the partner whose face they had drawn. This game succesfully broke the ice and everyone then felt comfortable putting forward their ideas and thoughts during discussions.
In explaining climate change, the Campaign Manger used a flipchart she made herself out of a large piece of cardboard. The idea came up during an internal discussion in the agency. Often, aids used in a discussion create a gap between the facilitator and the
participants, equipment like laptops or projector may give the impression that the facilitator is a know‐it‐all. This gave rise to the idea of using flipcharts. The presentation that was ready in power point was then copied onto sheets. During the discussion the flipcharts were passed around so that the audience was able to have a closer look and turn them into a topic for discussion. The Campaign Manager thinks this aid is effective in getting the audience’s attention.
As an illustration about oxygen and carbon dioxide there was a demonstration using a plastic bag. A volunteer had his head covered with it. The bag was tightened so that there was no inlfow of fresh air so that the volunteer inhaled carbondioxide. This was intended to help the participants to know the difference between the two
Photo 5. Flipchart. an aid to explain climate change
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gases. Then, it was explained how forests have a role producing oxygen and sequester carbon. Participants were also asked to brainstorm on forest functions.
In order to bridge the presentations on forests and climate change to REDD, participants were asked to work in groups. They were given 4 questions to the dream of “well maintained forest, prosperous community”. Question 1) what problems may arise if we do not take care of our forest?, 2) If the forest is well maintained, what may happen to the community around it? 3)If there is a program offering a well cared for community well cared for forest, what can the community contribute? 4) What obstacle or problem could we have if the forest was not well caed for of when there were no forest?
Meetings about forest and climate change were held twice each in the three target villages i.e. the villages of Kuala Tolak, Tanjung Baik Budi and Sungai Putri. The Village of Tempurukan declared itself interested to have the discussion only in August 2010. Unfortunately,
at the same time, FFI‐IP, who led the REDD initiation process in Sungai Putri was having an internal problem and decided to temporarily stop their field work. To prevent the risk of misinformation ‐ it was the job of FFI‐IP as the lead‐agency to impart information about REDD ‐ Titian decided not to facilitate meetings in Tempurukan.
In addition, the campaign manager also initiated a meeting with Sub‐District government officials to discuss this initiative. Meetings in the Sub‐Districts of Muara Pawan and Matan Hilir Utara were held in February 2010. In Muara Pawan the meeting was only an audience. Besides the Head and Secretary of the Sub‐District Government, also attending the meeting were the village head, head of BPD, the village secretary and public figure representatives of the village of Tempurukan. The meeting in the sub‐district of Matan Hilir Utara involved the same components from the villages of Sungai Putri, Tanjung and Tolak.
Photograph 4. Group Discussion
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The following are notes taken from those meetings:
1. The information the communities have about the ecological value of forest in the three villages is similar. This was apparent during group discussion when participants were asked to show what the challenge might be for us if there were no forest. However, a continuation of the information relay about forest still needed to carry out.
2. Discussion participants gave a good response to the REDD project but they need to be able to earn something similar to what they would from extracting lumber or, at least, ther needs to be a guarantee that there are alternative sources of work or income. Despite this, the response and acceptance of the community towards the information imparted needs to be investigated through interviews that dig a little deeper.
3. We need to think about how to meet the local/domestic needs for wood/lumber. When REDD was in place logging should be cut down to zero logging. However, we need to find solutions for meeting the demand for lumber needed for buildings in the village.
4. The public wanted to see for themselves the area of Sungai Putri forest. This may be followed up by facilitating a field trip to the area.
Lessons Learnt: In a meeting it is important to create an atmosphere pleasant for everyone and give everyone an opportunity to speak up early on so that they feel important and therefore willingly participate in the process of discussion. This will make discussion more lively and participants will give their comments or input in a constructive way. The face drawing game is a good way to create a comfortable meeting atmosphere. Once the campaign manager skipped this stage because the meeting somehow started very late. As a result, the atmosphere of this meeting was rather stiff and the discussion did not go smoothly. The weakness of this game is that it takes a lot of time so that it is not very effective to be used in evening meetings.
The number of participants in a meeting needs to be limited in order for it run smoothly and reach an optimum result. Based on the campaign manager’s experience 20 ‐ 25 people is recommended. More than that is too many and there will be more distractions which will make it difficult for them to focus.
If a meeting is in the evening, the ideal time would be between 19.30 and 21.30. Beyond that, participants may already be tired and won’t focus on the meeting’s material. If the campaign manager needs to organize similar meetings in the future, she will do it within that time frame. In order to make sure they finish on time, the strategy that will be used is to avoid discussion topics that are too wide. It is recommended to choose a very specific theme.
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When using a team to facilitate a meeting, specific roles and assignments for each team member should be agreed upon before the meeting. In a meeting on forest and climate change the campaign manager worked with a five person team. Everyone had their own role to play: the main facilitator, the supporting facilitator, the process minute taker, documentation and logistics.
Activity 4: Public Service Announcements
Rationale for Activity: Public Service announcements are made to complement the radio program and to help make the messages relayed to stick more to the respondents. This activity has moderate depth and high reach3.
Activity description: The plan was that public service announcement would be produced twice. The first series would be about the function of Sungai Putri forest in preventing sea water intrusion and its correlation to farming. The second would have the theme of the benefits of Credit Union. However, due to limited resources there was only one implemented.
Production of Public service announcements started in November 2009 with script writing followed by identification and audition of voice artists, recording for pre‐test, per‐test. revision, production and launching. The theme of this ad was the function of forest to stop sea water intrusion. The script was written in Malay and elaborated with real life events. In the last four years sea water had intruded into the farming fields around Sungai Putri forest and they failed to yield a harvest. The rice yielded was not enough to meet their daily needs so farmers had to go into the forest, fish in the sea, produce palm sugar and even went to work as laborers in
faraway plantations. They did not know that logging actually makes sea water intrusion worse.
3 Price, Sharon and Marisol Mayorga, Buku Pegangan RARE Pride, Arlington VA, 2007
Foto 5. Produksi iklan layanan masyarakatPhotograph 7. Public Service Advertisement Production
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The announcement was planned to be aired three (3) times a day for two (2) months between 06.00 – 12.00 dan 15.00 – 18.00. Then the RSPDK gave away a bonus of one slot so the announcement was aired four times a day. The radio station thought the campaign positive so they were willing to lend support.
Lessons Learnt: the process of production for announcements was challenging as well as fun. The campaign manager had to create an interesting narration with an effective message to be aired for 60 seconds. Based on the post campaign survey, this announcement was
the third most well‐liked after the leaflet about the benefits of forest and village meetings on forest and climate change.
The challenge in using this media is how to ensure that the target audience is listening. If there is another chance in the future, the campaign manager would like to open voice artist auditions among the target village people. This would certainly attract the target audience and get their interest to listen to the announcements. The voice artists in this announcement were broadcasting professionals, not those from target villages.
Activity 5: Production of Leaflets
Rationale for activity: leaflets were chosen to be one of the media to relay information about forest, climate change and in the middle of the campaign period. At the time we were thinking of something that the community could have with them so that they could ‘re‐read’ the information they once heard. Although this medium has a
low‐medium depth, because the information is contained within a limited space, its reach is wide4.
4 Price, Sharon and Marisol Mayorga, Buku Pegangan RARE Pride, Arlington VA, 2007
Figure 2. Leaflet on Learning about the Benefits of Forests
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Description of activity: discussions about the leaflet’s theme and content started in September 2009. The initial idea was producing two series of leaflets under the theme of benefits of forest and climate change in collaboration with the REDD initiative. However, after further discussions we decided to make three (3) series. Climate change and the REDD initiative were made into a separate leaflet
because otherwise there could be too much information in one leaflet.
Leaflets were designed to be as informative as possible but using the simplest of language. Real life events were elaborated in the leaflet to foster a sense of proximity for the target audience. They were designed to have more pictures than text. The font size was also large enough to read easily.
The team then held a consultative meeting to have the draft looked at, revised and have additional input. In the first round there was an idea to include the REDD initiation plan in Sungai Putri including the plans the management team had and the benefit distribution. Formulation of information about REDD was taken care of by the Community Engagement Specialist Fauna & Flora International‐Indonesia Programme. The campaign manager only helped in editing the script and designing illustrations and photographs. In January 2010, taking in various matters into consideration, it was agreed that the leaflet on REDD for the time being would only
contain basic information. Formulation of information was to be done by the campaign manager.
The first and second series of leaflet were then tried out in the field. This try out took place December 2009 using the method of interview involving 8 – 12 people. List of questions for the try out is attached in chapter VIII. Several inputs resulting from the interviews are as follows:
Figure 3. REDD and Climate ChangeLeaflet
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1. The community did not understand the words "serasah" and "merebak". We then found the local equivalent so that they could understand.
2. People found it difficult to understand the concept of “greenhouse effect” so an illustration was necessary. 3. A lot of information were repetitive. Simplification was necessary. 4. Information presented in tables were difficult to understand. It was necessary to consider presenting all information in tables into
narration. 5. It was deemed unnecessaaary to include the names of the greenhouse gases.
Based on these input in the second week of Desember 2009, the leaflet draft underwent another revision. Long before the revision process in November 2009, the campaign manager had invited offers for leaflet layout and printing. Out of the the four vendors bidding, the campaign manager chose to work with one who had a conservation background so that transfer of information would be easier and the vendor would be free in developing illustrations to complement the information in the leaflet.
However, due to some internal problems, the layout and printing process only started in February 2010. The leaflet which had its layout illustration added by the vendor was revised again until the final version was done and ready to print. The third week of April 2009 saw the first series printed. The second and third series were only done at the end of May 2010 because the partner agency responsible was late in taking care of the printing’s administrative issues. The three series of leaflets were printed 1000 pieces each and distibuten evenly to the communities in the four target villages. Some volunteers help in distributing the leaflets.
Lessons Learnt: media pre‐test is very important to ensure that information contained is acceptable to the target audience. In order that the message is focused use one medium for one message only. The campaign manager produced three (3) series of leaflets on purpose : to have the information in each leaflet specific. Not all information is incorporated into one leaflet but broken down into several leaflets. A specific message lets us add depth. Elaboration of events or stories from the community would make a special attraction for the leaflets. The leaflet on forest benefits included plenty of events and pictures of the target villages involving forest degradation and this has made the media to be the most well‐liked by target audience (source: pre and post campaign survey data analysis, 2010).
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If there is an opportunity to produce the same media in the future, time line must be met so that media may be out early in the beginning of the campaign period or in the mid of it at the latest. That will give the community time to digest the information.
Activity 6: Comic book and bookmarks
Rationale for activity: comic book is made to complement information relayed in leaflets. They are also made to accommodate the target audience who cannot read fluently. This comic book is made for adults. This medium for adult audience has a high intensity and wide reach5.
Description of Activity: similar to that of leaflets, discussions on the content for the comic book had started in September 2009. The information relayed through the comic book was a summary of the information contained in the leaflet. The message was about the impact of climate change and efforts to reduce that impact by preserving forest.
The campaign manager then put the story idea into a storyboard in October 2009. Storyboard is an alternative to sketch sentences as a tool of planning. A storyboard incorporates narration and visual on a piece of paper so that narration and visual are coordinated. The comic starts with a depiction of the situation in a village where the villagers aare queeing for fresh water. Then there is a story how the farmers are worried because there has been no rain so that they cannot start cultivating their farms. Then there is a rumor circulating about the village being under a curse. The farmers then go to see the village chief to confirm the rumor. The village chief told them that what they think is a curse is actually the impacts of climate change. Then there is detailed information from the chief
about what climate change is, the causes, impacts and what can be done to reduce the severity of these impacts. He also talks about REDD as an effort to mitigate climate change. The comic book ends with the villagers agreeing to take care of their forest. Their efforts are rewarded with plentiful harvest because the forest is well and sea water intrusion has stopped.
5 Price, Sharon and Marisol Mayorga, Buku Pegangan RARE Pride, Arlington VA, 2007
Picture 4. Comic
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This storyboard was then circulated within the team for inputs. The storyline was accepted but needs to be made more dramatic so that it would be more interesting to read. the ending was also made more dramatic. There was an input to make the character talking about climate change matched the information source most trusted according to the pre campaign survey result.In November 2009, the campaign manager returned to the revision of the comic. It told the story of a couple called Minah and Bahrun who lived in a village near the Sentap Kancang forest. One day Minah, who was heavily pregnant, complained repeatedly to her husband that she felt hot. She also asked her husband to buy a fan for the room. But being a farmer whose harvests often failed because of the intrusion of sea water, he could not afford to buy one for his wife. In the end Minah asked for a divorce. Bahrun was anxious about his domestic problems and things were made worse by the overlong dry season affecting his village. Fields that ought to have already been planted with seeds had not been worked on because there had been no rainfall. These problems were the talk of the village and some people speculated about whether
the village was in fact cursed. So Bahrun and his wife went to the home of the neighbourhood chief (Pak RT) to see if he could help with their problems. By coincidence at that very moment there were various people from the village gathered at Pak RT’s home who happened to be talking about the village’s ‘curse’. Pak RT expained that the phenomenon affecting their village was in fact caused by climate change. These impacts could be reduced by taking care of the forest. Buying a fan to cool the house, like Midah wanted, would not solve the overall problem. Pak RT also explained about REDD. These words from the neighbourhood chief made the villagers feel happier and Bahrun and Midah too. Indeed Bahrun and Midah got back together. The comic story ends Bahrun and Midah planting a tree in Sentap Kancang forest as a syymbol of their gratitude after the birth of their child.
Figure 5. Sample of a comic storyboard
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In this revised version, the figure chosen as the person sharing information about the environment to the villagers is head of the local neighbourhood (RT) in accordance with the pre campaign survey result. The survey result showed that the Head of the Neoighborhood is the one the community most trusted to give them information, including that about environmental issues.
After everything was agreed upon, in April 2010 a comic dummy was ready to send to the vendor and had the illustration drawn. However, up to the end the campaign this comic was not yet printed because of some administrative and financial obstacles. Only the bookmarks had been printed by the end of May 2010. In August 2010 the campaign partner agency had just invited bid from vendors to print the comic. If a suitable vendor was found, the comic would immediately go to the printer. The plan was to print 1000 copies and distribute them in equal amounts to the people in the target villages.
Lesson learnt: when an agency is doing a campaign with resources from another agency, both parties must agree on and abide by the timeline for media production. Delay in production and distribution will have an impact on the effectiveness of the campaign. In addition, if if the future the campaign manager have another opportunity to produce comics, she would want in get local artists, or if possible, youngsters from target villages who are good at drawing, involved. This is to make the comics a local pride and an attraction to get the
audience reading.
Figure 6. Bookmark to be inserted in the comic book
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Activity 7: Participatory video
Rationale for activity: video is known as the type of media that can have a huge impact on its audience, especially because of its ability to move/copy various events/activities and human actions in an almost perfect way. Advances in technology can even adjust pictures taken using a video camera so that it is even more dramatic than it really is. The objective is to make the audience catch the message the video maker wants to convey. In terms of encouraging behaviour change in people to conserve natural resources, a participatory video would be an effective means to convey feelings, thoughts and the public’s views on issues in their lives and environment. A
community video has the opportunity to stimulate changes and renewals within the local community. It has moderate‐high depth and moderate reach.
Rationale for Activity: Preparation for training started mid January 2010 with formulation of TOR for the training followed by consulting with training facilitators, distribution of invitations and arrangement of logistics. Participants of the training were representatives of youth groups in the four target villages, 3 people each. In reality only those from the villages of Tempurukan and Sungai Putri participated. Those from Kuala Tolak and Tanjuk Baik Budi did not join although prior to the training they were ready to participate. When w reconformed, they said they could not join us because they had to work from morning to afternoon, the same time as the training.
Training was carried out for three (3) days, from 16th to 18th Februariy 2010 in the Village Hall of Sungai Putri. This training was
attended by 8 participants (2 were from Palung Foundation). Facilitators for the training were as follows:
1. M. F. Yuliansyah (the Office of Transport, Communication and Information of Informasi the District of Ketapang) 2. Tito P. Indrawan (Palung Foundation) 3. Rahmawati (Fauna & Flora International, top five finalist of Eagle Award Metro TV 2008 documentary film competition)
Photo 6. Training on participatory video production
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The first day involved mostly indoors sessions. The first material was from the Campaign Manager about the potential and challenges of Sungai Putri forest. The objective was to open minds and provide a basis for development of the ideas for the film to be made. The next materials were more technical about what a participatory video is, how to use a camera, developing a storyline and creating a storyboard.
On the second day the participants agreed to take up the theme of the village potential in addition to the wood/lumber around Sungai Putri forest. Three titles were then derived from this big theme i.e. the potential of rice plants, a profile of a mat weaver and the potential of coconuts. The films were shot on the second and third day of training. The facilitators and campaign manager worked along with the trainees to minimize mistakes. All of these fims were 15 minutes long at the most.
The films were then transferred into VCD after a bit of editing. One hundred copies were made and distributed to the four target villages. They were given away mostly to the village government officials and people who were highly influential in these villages. This was intended to open their thought patterns and make them a topic of discussion within the community.
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Activity 8: Special EventCompassionate Action for the Earth6
Rationale for Activity: to commemorate Earth Day and at same time disseminate information about global warming and what we can do to minimize its impacts. This activity was also to encourage people to participate in prevention of of global warming endeavors. This kind of event is very effective in gathering many people in one opportunity although it certainly is not easy to impart the campaign message effectively.
Description of Activity: The idea behind this activity was to encourage the public to plant trees in the vacant plots in their villages and start using energy saving light bulbs to reduce emissions.
There was a donation of rubber tree saplings for the villages of Kuala Tolak and Tempurukan 500 each. These saplings were to be planted in the village plots. Both villages own one‐hectare village fields. The village of Tanjung Baik Budi couldn’t accept similar donation because they do not have any plot. Meanwhile, the village of Sungai Putri planned to provide their own forest tree saplings by pulling out some from the Sungai Putri forest. It is a shame that this plan did not get a positive response from the Sub‐District authority so that they had to abandon the idea.
There were 609 energy saving light bulbs distributed. The head of the target villages helped list the village facilities that would get these light bulbs. Here is the complete list.
6 This scheme was a series of activities consisting of distribution of rubber plant saplings to plant in the village fields, distribution of energy saving lamps for village facilities and compassionate actions for earth. This event was supported by RARE and PT. Osram.
Photograph 9. The Regional Secretary of the District of Ketapang is taking part in campaigning for the conservation of Sungai Putri
forest during the Compassionate Action for Earth Evening
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Table 10. Energy Saving Light Bulbs Distribution by Village
Amount Needed No Facilities
Tempurukan Sungai Putri Tanjung Baik Budi Kuala Tolak 1. Kindergartens/Early Childhood
Education/Day care centers 9 30 6 0
2. Schools (Elementary, Junior High, High) 14 125 38 40 3. Mosques 43 10 62 25 4. Office Buildings 8 61 24 8 5. Clinics/Integrated Health Centers 5 45 23 20 6. Granaries 0 0 0 0 7. Markets 0 3 0 0 8. Streets 0 10 0 0
These light bulbs were only distributed early May 2010 because the packages from Rare had only arrived at the end of April.
On 22nd April there was a Malam Aksi Simpatik Untuk Bumi (The Evening of Compassionate Actions for Earth). The center of activites was SDN (Elementary School) 2 Tempurukan. The Tempurukan villagers worked together to help the campaign manager prepare the event and especially to get the location ready. The event was enlivened by the screening of a participatory film, Malay dances, hadrah and dangdut concerts. For the film screening the campaign manager got help from the Ketapang Office of Transport, Communication and Information whereas the dangdut music group was provided by the Tempurukan village head. The campaign manager was given an 80% discount on the group’s fee.
For this event the campagn manager invited the Ketapang Regional Secretary, Drs. H. Bachtiar to attend and give a motivational speech to the community urging them to take care of Sungai Putri forest. The Regional Secretary’s attendance had a huge impact on the community. He is known as an official who was close to the people and who places importance on environmental issues.
Sub‐Districts Officials as well as officials and important public figures from the four target villages were also in attendance. There were at least 500 people participating in this event. The campaign manager sent a press release to local media and it got published in the Borneo Tribune daily paper (http://www.borneotribune.com/ketapang/proyek‐kecil‐rare‐dan‐yayasan‐titian‐cegah‐pemanasan‐global.html) and Pontianak Post (http://issuu.com/ptkpost/docs/25042010).
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Lesson learnt: when trust has been built, it will be easier to find support. The community of Tempurukan village unexpectedly helped prepare this event. Another lesson learned was that the attendance of public figures during a campaign activity has has a huge impact. In the future, the campaign manager would like to get more support from influential people in the implementation of Pride campaign.
Table 11. Results Chain and SMART Objectives for Farmers’ Behaviour Change
Target audience : farmers Theory of change stage Behaviour Result chain The formation of CU with enough capital to give out loans and a system that is working well
and incorporating the aspect of Sungai Putri protection in its system. SMART Objectives On 23rd July 2010, CU Pantura Lestari was founded with 12 members and total assets of Rp
29.945.000.
This result was not in line with the plan which was that in June 2010 there would be 150 members with total asset of 50 million rupiah. This was due to the delay in the formation of the CU which was planned for January 2010 to July 2010. This was mainly because the planning for the founding of CU was not perfect. We forgot to take into account the fact that organizing a community and capacity takes a lot of time.
Compared to the plan, it is true that the timeline and number of members of CU Pantura Lestari (CUPL) do not meet the target. However, if we take a look at the monthly amount of assets it has exceeded the initial target. As of 31st July 2010, the asset of CUPL has reached 71.584.000 and the number of members was 24. The initial target was by June 2010 there would be 150 million in asset, and the CU would be founded in January 2010. It means that we took the average within these five months the target CU asset waas 30 million per month. In reality, however, the CU asset went up to exceed that amount after just one week. So, asset wise, the target has been exceeded.
However, because the CU is newly founded, the capital collected cannot be used by the target audience for their business development. It is only after at least 3 months (in October 2010) that the capital can be used. Then, we can see how the target audience manages the capital they can access in CUPL.
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Activity 9: Credit Union Internship
Rationale for Activity: internship was implemented as one of the preparation stages for the formation of a Credit Union in Sungai Putri. It was to build the capacity of the CU management team‐to‐be in administration, finance, loans and education and training.
Description of Activity: the internship was done in two stages in the Canaga Antutn CU of Menyumbung Village, Sub‐District of Hulu Sungai the District of Ketapang. The first stage was from 19th March to 2nd of May 2010, and the second stage from 15th June to 19th
July 2010. Participants were 4 CU Pantura Lestari staff‐to‐be (Umar Idawan, Nelly Hermawati, Japri dan Ernawati).
The decisions about location and duration of internship were made by the Badan Koordinasi CU Kalimantan (BKCUK = Kalimantan Credit Union Coordinating Agency), based on a request submitted by the campaign manager in November 2009 and March 2010. The BKCUK did not respond to the first request immediately because its Head wanted to discuss things with CU motivators in Sungai Putri (January 2010) This is some kind of verification BKCUK does every time there is a communty initiative to build a local CU. Only in March 2010 was the letter of location appointment issued.
While in internship the staff‐to‐be learned all about book‐keeping, loans, administration and a little about policy patterns. Policy patterns is related to the conservation perpective which will be used as the basis of CU management so that Pantura Lestari CU may contribute to the reduction of pressure on the Sungai Putri forest complex.
During the internship, the four staff‐to‐be were given an opportunity to study in several locations namely Tempat Pelayanan (TP; Service Site) Sei Laur, TP Sandai, TP Nanga Tayap dan Beginci. During the second stage of internship the participants chose their own specific job so that what they were learning during this stage was only that which was supporting their role in the CU.
Photograph 10. CU Pantura Lestari Strategic Planning
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Activity 10: CU Pantura Lestari Strategic Planning
Rationale for Activity: strategic planning is carried out to establish the basis for the CU and also to mark the founding of Pantura Lestari CU.
Description of Activity: Strategic Planning lasted for 4 days from 21st – 24th Juli 2010 in the village of Sungai Putri. There were 150 target audience members invited but only about 70 attending. This activity was facilitated by the BKCUK team consisting of A.R. Mecer, Stefanus Masiun and Eko.
The first day started with brainstorming on the difficulties of daily life faced by the community around Sungai Putri forest. It was followed by a discussion to change thoughts patterns. This was to see whether or not the community really had a good reason to start a Credit Union.
Then there was a discussion about the development map of CU up to 2012. The material discussed was the socio economic data of the target villages. At this stage the monthly member recruitment target was agreed upon. This target will make it easier for CUPL to develop its assets and agency. The targeted membership and assets of CUPL by 31st December 2012 was 3715 orang and 26,500,000,000 rupiah with an average amount of savings of 7 million rupiah per member.
At the end of the first day the strategic obejctives for the period 2010 – 2012 were formulated. In addition were the vision, mission, slogan and long term objectives. Also on the first day, the name of the CU was changed from CU Pantai Utara to CU Pantura Lestari. This change took plaace because apparently there had already been a CU using the name. The word ”Lestari” was added in accordance with the spirit of ”pelestarian” (conservation) of Sungai Putri forest. The slogan chosen was ” hijau hutanku, jaya CUPL‐ku” (green my forest be, victorious my CUPL be”).
Photograph 11. Mr. A.R. Mecer is facilitating CU Pantura Lestari strategic planning
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On the second day we established the policy pattern until 2012 and formulated the strategies to market the CU to the target villages. Discussions on policy patterns and determining CU products continued. Products planned by the pioneer team were initially numbered four which are investment savings, daily savings, educational savings and holidays savings. However, considering the financial position as well as the capacity of the management team, the products developed by CUPL up to 2012 would only be three i.e. daily savings ((BETAH/ Boleh Tiap Hari = may do everyday), investment savings (BELAT/ Benih Lanjut Terus = the seedlings continue) and fixed deposit savings (JANGKAR/ Tabungan Berjangka).
On the third day there was a CUPL supervisors and administrators election and in the evening this CU had started its first service and member enrollment. CUPL staff and campaign manager did a lot to prepare this service such as getting the site ready for reception of member registration and administrative matters such as entry forms, loan agreement forms, levy stamp, ATK and various books for financial book keeping ready.
On the fourth day discussions were mostly about preparation of cash flow for 2010 ‐ 2011. Then, because the administrators and supervisors also felt they need to improve their perspective on their roles and responsibilities in managing the CU, including in finance and accountancy, together the facilitators they agreed to add one more day of special training for elected CU administrators and supervisors. This training started in the evening of 24th July and continued into 25th July. This training needs to be followed up by a more specific and well planned training, for example about leadership and finance.
In the follow up stage, capacity building trainings for administrators, supervisors and management team should be scheduled in a structured way.
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V. Campaign Results
Pre and Post Campaign Survey Method
Titian Foundation did a quantitative survey twice using a questionnaire in five (5) villages (four targets and one for comparison) around the peat swamp forest of Sungai Putri, one before and the other after the campaign. The pre campaign survey was carried out in February 2009. It was done to establish the baseline for changes of knowledge, attitude, interpersonal communication and behaviour change in the target audience. The second survey was done in July 2010, to see changes in the above variables as well as an assessment tool to measure the success of the campaign.
Both surveys took 339 families each as samples. The designation of these samples was based on the number of families the target villages in 2009, with a confidence level of 95% and confidence interval of + 5 (table 12). Respondent distribution in each target village was adjusted to the percentage of the number of families in each village. Questionnaire distribution is shown in table 13.
Table 12. Number of Families in Target Villages
Sub‐District Village Total
Population
Number of
Families Muara Pawan Tempurukan 1897 488
Sungai Putri 3285 605 Tanjung Baik Budi 3441 814
Matan Hilir Utara
Kuala Tolak 3744 970 Total 12367 2877
Source: Sub‐Districts in Numbers 2009, Statistics Agency, District of Ketapang – West Kalimantan
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Table 13. Questionnaire Distribution
Sub‐District Village Number of Families
Distribution Percentage (%)
Number of Questionnaire in Each Village
Muara Pawan Tempurukan 488 17.00 58
Sungai Putri 605 21.00 71Tanjung Baik Budi 814 28.30 96
Matan Hilir Utara
Kuala Tolak 970 33.70 114Total 2877 100 339
Samples were determined by simple random sampling. Respondents are households living in houses at intervals of five (5). Every fifth household is visited and their head interviewed. If the respondent is not home when visited, the enumerator will pay another visit at another time. If the respondent refuses to be interviewed, the enumerator will visit the next fifth house until the quota is met.
Independent variables in this survey are respondents’ basic socio‐economic and demographic characteristics, whereas the fixed variables are questions on knowledge, attitude, interpersonal communication and behaviour. In the pre campaign survey questionnaire there are also questions to find out what information sources respondents trust and the media they consider most informative. These are then used as the basis to design campaign activities and messages. Meanwhile, in the post campaign survey questionnaire there are questions on the effectiveness of campaign media exposures added.
The comparison survey was carried out in the village of Kuala Satong the Sub‐District of Matan Hilir Utara. The number of comparison samples was 226, which was 2/3 of the number of respondents in the main village. The total of target and comparison samples was 566 families. The data obtained would then be processed using the software Apian Survei Pro.
Surveys were carried out by 11 local enumerators. Before the start of the real surveys, enumerators were given a training on interview techniques for one day. Questionnaires were also tried out together with the enumerators to find out if corrections or improvement are needed.
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Pre and PostCampaign Survey Results
The data collected from the questionnaire during the post campaign survey and was then put into a SurveiPro® data folder containing the pre campaign survey data. Summary of the result of pre campaign survey was laid out in the Porject Plan. The result shown here is only the part that is related to the investigation into the effects of the Pride campaign. The characteristics of respondents surveyed in the target villages in both pre and post campaign are shown in the following table 14:
Table 14. Characteristics of Respondents in Target Villages
Pre Campaign Post Campaign
Variable Answers Farmer (N=265)
GA 7(N=130)
Total (N=339)
Farmer (N=220)
GA (N=158)
Total (N=339)
Result X2
Target Village Tanjung Baik Budi 29.40% 27.40% 28.30% 32.30% 20.90% 29.00% Kuala Tolak 29.80% 42.70% 33.60% 31.80% 45.10% 33.40% Sei Putri 21.50% 21.80% 20.90% 20.00% 18.30% 21.00% Tempurukan 19.20% 8.10% 17.10% 15.90% 15.70% 16.60%
X2 < 50% NS
Male 94.30% 94.40% 94.40% 86.70% 87.50% 86.60%Gender Female 5.70% 5.60% 5.60% 13.30% 12.50% 13.40%
X2 > 50% S
Formal Education Elementary School 38.30% 21.00% 33.70% 50.00% 30.10% 41.30%
Did not graduate Elementary School 26.50% 19.40% 23.70% 16.70% 8.50% 13.70%
Junior High School 17.00% 27.40% 20.10% 22.20% 26.10% 23.10% Senior High School 13.30% 29.00% 18.30% 8.30% 30.70% 17.90% No formal schooling 3.80% 1.60% 3.00% 1.90% 0.70% 1.20% Higher Education 1.10% 1.60% 1.20% 0.00% 3.90% 1.80% Other 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.90% 0.00% 0.90%
X2 < 50% NS
Source: Pre‐ and Post‐Campaign Survey Data, 2010
7 GA: General Adult Respondent
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The significance value of this respondent characteristics is less than 50%, meaning that although respondents are chosen randomly their characteristics are similar or consistent between those surveyed pre and post campaign.
Exposure to Campaign Media
Exposure of respondents to campaign media is shown in table 15 below.
Table 15. Exposure to Campaign Media
Pre Campaign Post Campaign
Variable Answers Farmers (N=265) Farmers (N=220)
Yes NA 87.40%Have you received the brochure ”Why Do We Have to Preserve Forest”?
No NA 12.60%
Yes NA 85.60%Have you received the brochure ” Forest and Climate Change”? No NA 14.40%
Yes NA 84.30%Have you got the brochure about ”REDD”?
No NA 15.70%Never NA 58.50%Once NA 28.00%Twice NA 10.50%Three Times NA 1.50%
Have you ever been to a discussion session organized by Titian and FFI?
More than Three Times NA 1.50%Yes NA 3.00%Have you ever listened to the radio program
“Obsesi” on Tuesdays from radio Gema Solidaritas FM?
No NA 97.00%
Yes NA 10.70%Have you ever received a CD of the film of The potential of wickerwork and coconuts? No NA 89.30%
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Pre Campaign Post Campaign
Recognizing the Benefits of Forest Brochure
NA
27.90%Forest and Climate Change Brochure
NA
4.60%REDD Brochure NA 14.20%Village meeting on REDD and Climate Change NA 22.80%
Village meeting on Credit Union
NA
4.60%The Potentials of Wickerwork and Coconuts film CD
NA
0.50%Radio Broadcasts NA 3.00%Public Services Ads NA 15.70%
Which of the following media, communication tools and campaign activities do you like best ?
Film Screening NA 6.60% Source: Pre and Post Campaign Survey Data Analysis, 2010
It is clear from the above table that brochure is the medium that can reach the most target audience. Titian and Ffi‐IP has printed 3 series of brochures of 1000 copies each. These brochures are then distributed to the target audience in various events. Then, to find out whether respondents get the messages conveyed in them, they are asked to answer follow up questions. Results are shown in the following table 16:
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Table 16. Respondents Reception of the Message of the ‘Recognizing the Benefits of Forests” Brochure
Post Campaign Variable Answers
Farmers (N=220) Forests function to regulate climate 51.60%Forests prevent floods 50.00%Forests produce oxygen 16.70%Forests produce medicines 8.10%Forests promotes the vermins of hogs and rats 0.50%Don’t understand 0.50%Forests harbor malaria 0.00%Don’t know 0.00%
What message did you get from “Getting to Know the Benefits of Forests”?
Others 0.50% Source: Pre and Post Campaign Survey Data Analysis, 2010
Table 17. Respondents Reception of the Message of ‘Forests and Climate Change’ Brochure
Post Campaign
Variable Answers Farmers (N=220)
Decline of forests will increase the temperature of the earth 50.80%Climate change among others causes floods
16.60%Maintaining the forests may prevent climate change 16.00%
What message did you get from the forests and climate change brochure?
Peat swamp forest keeps the most carbon
14.40%
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Earth is getting warmer because the end of the world is coming
0.00%
Climate change increases the sea water temperature 2.20%
Source: Pre and Post Campaign Survey Data Analysis, 2010
Table 18. Respondents’ Reception of the Message of the ’REDD’ brochure
Post‐Campaign Variable Choice of Answer
Farmers (N=220)
REDD is one of the attempts to protect forests 66.90%REDD may become a long term income source for the community 17.10%Through REDD the community will get paid for maintaining the forest 16.60%To get payment, forest logging must stop 8.30%REDD program requires only the local community has the duty to take care of the forest 4.40%If REDD program is ongoing, the community is no longer allowed to get rattan from the forest 2.20%Do not understand 0.60%Do not know 0.00%
What knowledge did you gain from the
"REDD"brochure?
Others 0.60% Source: Pre and Post Campaign Survey Data Analysis, 2010
This shows that in addition to receiving campaign materials, respondents also understand the message well. The brochure ’Getting to Know the Benefits of Forests” contains information about the benefits of having forests vith from an economic perspective and as an environmental service provider. Only 1,5% of respondents do not understand the message well. It is similar with the ’Forests and Climate Change’ and ’REDD’ brochures. On average only 0,6% respondents do not get the message.
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Besides using brochures, Titian and FFI‐IP also use other channels of communication such as village meetings, producing participatory videos, public services ads an a weekly radio program. However, the number of respondents exposed to these media are very small.
The Effect of Pride Campaign on SMART Objective for Knowledge
Table 19 contains questions used to measure the effects of the Pride campaign on the target audience farmers ‘ knowledge. Although there is only one question used to establish the SMART Objective, there actually are several questions that can be used as an indicators of the effect of Pride campaign on the farmers’ knowledge.
Variables for measuring the respondents knowledge are cross tabulated to the campaign’s target audience (farmers) in the 4 target villages with the pre and post campaign survey periods. Then the percentage of SMART Objective achievement is calculated out of the objective’s percentage point (pp) increase and the actual change that can be measured using the survey as shown below:
Percentage of SMART Objectives achieved =
Table 19. Changes in Knowledge Variables between Pre and Post Campaign Surveys
Pre‐Campaign Post‐Campaign Variable Choice of Answers
Farmers (N=265) Farmers (N=220) Changes (pp)
Chi‐Square (X2)
Significance
SMART Objectives
Achievement
Everyone’s responsibility 89.80% 94.90% 5.1The responsibility of forest rangers’ 5.70% 4.60% ‐1.1Not my responsibility 3.80% 0.00% ‐3.8Do not know 0.40% 0.50% 0.1
Taking care of the forest is:
Others 0.40% 0.00% ‐0.4
X2 = 50% NS None
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Pre‐Campaign Post‐Campaign
Habitat for orangutan and other wildlife 63.80% 64.70% 0.9Water storage 60.80% 56.30% ‐4.5Source of wood/lumber 25.30% 32.60% 7.3
None
Brackish water buffer 14.00% 31.20% 17.2 43 Carbon depositor 12.50% 28.40% 15.9 39.75 Do not know 5.30% 0.00% ‐5.3Hard cash source 1.90% 0.90% ‐1
Functions of peat swamp forest
Others 0.40% 0.50% 0.1
X2 =99% S
None
Extinction of wildlife 53.20% 57.70% 4.5Sea water inflow 23.60% 48.40% 24.8Drought 27.80% 38.50% 10.7Needs for lumber/wood is met 4.60% 18.30% 13.7Do not know 10.30% 0.00% ‐10.3None 2.70% 0.50% ‐2.2Flood 0.00% 0.90% 0.9Fire 0.40% 0.50% 0.1
Effect of Deforestation of the Sungai Putri forest
Others 0.40% 1.40% 1
X2 = 99% S None
Guarantee water supply 53.40% 48.10% ‐5.3Keeping brackish water out 29.90% 49.10% 19.2Helping the forest police 11.00% 6.50% ‐4.5Harming the communities around the forest 5.30% 0.50% ‐4.8Do not know 3.80% 0.90% ‐2.9Waste of time 2.70% 0.90% ‐1.8Guarantee availability of wood/lumber for the community
0.40% 1.40% 1
Keeping environmental services for the communities around the forest
0.40% 0.90% 0.5
Conservation of peat swamp Forests:
Maintaining wildlife 0.00% 0.90% 0.9
X2 = 95% S None
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Pre‐Campaign Post‐Campaign
Keeping the air fresh 0.40% 0.00% ‐0.4Source of income 0.40% 0.00% ‐0.4Preventing floods 0.00% 0.00% 0Others 1.50% 0.00% ‐1.5
Yes 18.10% 49.30% 31.2Have heard of CU
No 81.90% 50.70% ‐31.2X2 = 99% S None
A forum for savings and borrowing 80.00% 98.10% 18.1 45.25
Do not understand yet 15.60% 0.00% ‐15.6None
May increase welfare 4.40% 0.90% ‐3.5None
CU teaches us how to manage money 0.00% 0.90% 0.9None
Business development 0.00% 0.90% 0.9None
Low interest credit 0.00% 0.00% 0None
Knowledge about CU
Empowers people 0.00% 0.00% 0
X2 = 75% S
None
Source: Pre and Post Campaign Survey Data Analysis, 2010
In the first SMART Objective on the functions of peat swamp forest there was an increase of the farmers’ knowledge by as much as 43%, whereas the target was an increase of 40%. Of the second SMART Objective for knowledge, which was the farmers’ knowledge about the forest as a carbon depositor, there was an increase of 39,75%‐ close to the targeted 40%. Of the third SMART Objective knowledge, which was about the benefits of Credit Union, there was an increase of 45,25%, which means 5,25% over the targeted 40%.
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The Effects of Pride Campaign on SMART Objectives for Attitude and Interpersonal Communication
Changes in attitude and interpersonal communication variables did not achieve the targets. Farmers whose attitude was one of agreement that there is a correlation between forest logging activities and sea water intrusion only increased by 26,25% from the 58,90% targeted (with a statistical significance of 99%). Farmers who agreed that peat swamp forest should be preserved only increased 1,25% from the targeted 87,90% (significancei less than 50%, there was a change in attitude but insignificant). Even worse is the activity involving barrier removal: the number of farmers who agreed that establishing a Credit Union was easy went down by 12%. This was probably because they previously assumed that there would be a third party investment so that they did not need to spend their own money for capital. The CU would get its capital from a third party and they (the target audience) would just reap the benefit.
As for changes in interpersonal communication, the farmers’ communication intensity on the necessity of preserving peat swamp forest increased by 33,25%. Their discussions on CU, however, decreased sharply by 46%. Post campaign survey was carried out just before the implementation of Pantura CU strategic planning so that the issue that was hot for the target audience at the time was probably the plan to found the CU menjelang pelaksanaan renstra CU Pantura, sehingga diskusi yang berkembang di khalayak target adalah (pp+39). Comprehensive coverage on changes in attitude and interpersonal communication variables is shown in table 20.
Tabel 20. Changes in Attitude and Interpersonal Communication between Pre and Post Campaign Surveys
Pre Campaign Post Campaign
Variable Choice of AnswersFarmers (N=265) Petani (N=220)
Changes (pp) Chi‐Square
(X2) Significance
SMART Objectives Achievement (%)
Strongly agree 47.90% 48.40% 0.5 1.25
Agree 43.40% 47.00% 3.6 None
Disagree 3.00% 0.90% ‐2.1 None Sentap Kancang peat swamp forest needs to be preserved
Don’t know 5.70% 3.70% ‐2
X2 < 50% NS
None
Strongly agree 18.90% 29.40% 10.5 26.25
Agree 30.60% 37.20% 6.6 None
Disagree 32.10% 24.80% ‐7.3 None
Logging in Sentap Kancang peat swamp forest may cause sea water to intrude into farming areas Don’t know 18.50% 8.70% ‐9.8
X2 = 99% S
None
Strongly agree 12.10% 23.80% 11.7 None Clearing for new farming area is a problem for Sentap
Agree 37.40% 25.70% ‐11.7
X2 = 99% S
None
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Pre Campaign Post Campaign
Disagree 18.90% 37.10% 18.2 None Kancang peat swamp forest
Don’t know 31.70% 13.30% ‐18.4 None
Strongly agree 30.60% 47.00% 16.4 None
Agree 45.30% 41.90% ‐3.4 None
Disagree 6.00% 5.60% ‐0.4 None
Law enforcement is necessary to reduce logging in Sentap Kancang peat swamp forest
Don’t know 18.10% 5.60% ‐12.5
X2 = 99% S
None
Easy 10.20% 10.70% 0.5 None
Neutral 37.50% 32.10% ‐5.4 None
Difficult 35.60% 37.70% 2.1 None
Refraining from clearing Sentap Kancang peat swamp forest
Don’t know/Unsure 16.70% 19.50% 2.8
X2 < 50% NS
None
Easy 29.20% 35.80% 6.6 None
Neutral 11.40% 13.50% 2.1 None
Difficult 48.90% 42.30% ‐6.6 None
Telling other people about the benefits of Sentap Kancang peat swamp forest
Don’t know/Unsure 10.60% 8.40% ‐2.2
X2 < 50% NS
None
Easy 2.70% 2.30% ‐0.4 None
Neutral 6.80% 12.80% 6 None
Difficult 79.20% 80.70% 1.5 None
Keeping other people from land clearing in Sentap Kancang peat swamp forest
Don’t know/Unsure 11.40% 4.10% ‐7.3
X2 = 99% S
None
Easy 18.20% 13.40% ‐4.8 ‐12
Neutral 22.70% 38.20% 15.5 None
Difficult 13.60% 14.70% 1.1 None Agreeing to develop Credit Union
Don’t know/Unsure 45.50% 33.60% ‐11.9
X2 = 95% S
None Yes
20.50%
38.10%
17.6
None In the last one month, have you talked to other people about Sentap Kancang peat swamp forest?
No
79.50%
61.90%
‐17.6
X2 = 99% S None
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Pre Campaign Post Campaign
Forest conservation 27.00% 40.30% 13.3 33.25 Functions of forest 13.50% 19.40% 5.9 None The plan to build drainage for the swamp which has not been carried out
24.30% 0.00%
‐24.3
None
Forest condition 0.00% 11.30% 11.3 None Plans of land clearing for cultivation
8.10% 6.50%
‐1.6
None
Forest logging 5.40% 6.50% 1.1 None The potential of peat swamp forest
2.70% 8.10% 5.4
None
Forest area 8.10% 1.60% ‐6.5 None Plans to open a palm plantation
2.70% 3.20%
0.5
None
Effects of forest use 0.00% 3.20% 3.2 None
What did you talk about?
Others 8.10% 0.00% ‐8.1
X2 = 50% NS
None
Yes 22.60% 50.20% 27.6 None
None
No 77.40% 49.80% ‐27.6 None
In the last one month, have you talked about how to make use of the wood/lumber from Sentap Kancang peat swamp forest with other people?
X2 = 99% S None
Yes 4.20% 34.00% 29.8 None
None In the last one month, have you talked to other people about Credit Union?
No 95.80% 66.00% ‐29.8
X2 = 99% S None
What did you talk about? How to develop capital and independence
14.30% 42.40% 28.1X2=95% S
None
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Pre Campaign Post Campaign
Planning to set up CU
0.00% 39.00% 39 None
Benefits of CU for the community
28.60% 10.20% ‐18.4 ‐46
Want to become a member
57.10% 3.40% ‐53.7 None
CU is a new thing in Sungai Putri
0.00% 3.40% 3.4 None
Others 0.00% 1.70% 1.7 None
Source: Pre and Post Campaign Survey Data Analysis, 2010
Effects of Pride Campaign on SMART Objective for Behaviour
Change in behaviour is measured by the number of farmers joining Credit Union. However, the questions in table 21 show the change continuum stages in farmers’ behaviour change regarding certain issues. For example, the farmers behaviour in making use of the wood from Sungai Putri forest; during the pre campaign survey it waas found that most of them were in the stages of maintenance and preparation. However, there was a shift in behaviour during the post survey. The number of farmers who were then in the maintenance stage increased from 35,80% to 36,20% (pp +04). Meanwhile, the number of those in the preparation stage went down from dari 20,70% to 7,50% (pp ‐13,2). On the other hand, however, the number of farmers in the validation stage increased from 7,8% during the pre campaign survey to 11,50% (pp +3,7) during the post campaign survey. This means that the audience is ready to adopt the behaviour on offer which is to join CU. That means becoming financially independent and leaving wood work in the Sungai Putri forest.
Meanwhile, concerning the behaviour of the farmers towards developing Credit Union, the pre‐campaign survey found most of them were stili in the stages of pre‐contemplation (51.10%) and contemplation (22.70%). The post campaign survey found the behaviour has shifted to the stages of contemplation, preparation and validation. This change in behaviour variable is shown comprehensively in table 21. However, this behaviour change is not significant (X2 < 50%). This is perhaps because the choices for answer provided to measure behaviour changes are difficult to understand. As a result, the respondents could give their response well. The weak law
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enforcement might also contribute to this unreal behaviour change. During the campaign period the Campaign Manager did not find any legal measures taken neither by the police or the forest police to reduce illegal use of wood in Sungai Putri forest. The status of the area which is not a conservation area could be a factor.
Table 21. Changes in Behaviour Variables between Pre and Post Campaign Surveys
Pre‐Campaign
Post‐Campaign
Variable Choice of Answers Farmers (N=265)
Farmers (N=220)
Percentage (PP) Result X2
In the last one month I have not used wood from the peat swamp forest 35.80% 36.20% 0.4
In the last one month I have not thought to stop using wood from the peat swamp forest
11.20% 20.70% 9.5
In the last one month I have thought to stop using wood from the peat swamp forest but haven’t stopped doing it. 14.50% 14.40% ‐0.1
In the last one month I have thought to stop using wood from the peat swamp forest and intend to do that in the future 20.70% 7.50% ‐13.2
Using wood from Sentap Kancang forest
In the last one month I have reduced my activity of using wood from the peat swamp forest. 10.10% 9.80% ‐0.3
X2 < 50% NS
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Pre‐Campaign
Post‐Campaign
In the last one month I have thought to stop using wood from the peat swamp forest and intend to do that in the future. I have talked about this to some people. 7.80% 11.50% 3.7
For the last year I have not done any land clearing in the peat swamp forest. 41.20% 35.00% ‐6.2
For the last year I have considered not to do any more land clearing for farming in the peat swamp forest but I still did. 15.60% 22.00% 6.4
For the last year I have considered not to do any more land clearing for farming in the peat swamp forest and I am going to stop doing it in the future .
18.10% 11.30% ‐6.8
For the last year I have not considered not to do any more land clearing for farming in the peat swamp forest. 11.10% 10.70% ‐0.4
Land clearing for farming
For the last year I have considered not to do any more land clearing for farming in the peat swamp forest and I will stop doing it in the future. I have talked about this to some people. 9.00% 10.70% 1.7
X2 < 50% NS
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Pre‐Campaign
Post‐Campaign
For the last year I have done lesss land clearing for farming in the peat swamp forest. 5.00% 10.20% 5.2
This last one month I have never thought about developing a forum for saving money and creating a joint capital . 51.10% 36.40% ‐14.7
This last one month I have thought about developing a forum for saving money and creating joint capital but haven’t done anything about it yet.
22.70% 26.70% 4
This last one month I have thought about developing a forum for saving money and creating joint capital and intend to do it in the future. I have talked to some people about it as well.
14.00% 15.50% 1.5
This last one month I have thought about developing a forum for saving money and creating joint capital and intend to do it in the future.
10.20% 15.50% 5.3
Development of a forum for saving money and creating joint capital
This last one month I have started developing a forum for saving money and creating joint capital.
0.80% 3.70% 2.9
X2 < 50% NS
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Pre‐Campaign
Post‐Campaign
This last one month I have started a forum for saving money and creating joint capital 1.10% 2.10% 1
Source: Pre and Post Campaign Survey Data Analysis, 2010
Facilitation of Credit Union Formation as a Barrier Removal Activity
Based on in‐depth interviews with key community figures from around Sungai Putri it is apparent that one of the factors that cause illegal logging is the limited access the community has to capital needed to develop a sustainable alternative economy. Business credit channeled by banks are not extended to farmers as banks tend to consider farming is largely dependent on nature and its result is not
fixed.
To remove this capitalization barrier, a CU was founded. A CU is a group of people with mutual trust who agree to pool money for a capital which is then lent to its members for productive and welfare purposes. Through CU it is hoped that the community in and around Sungai Putri will be empowered and able to help themselves. By having this mutual venture they will have a forum for capital circulation and they will have an easier access to capital ehich will encourage them to further develop their own (existing) businesses or creaate a new business in accordance with their own interest and potentials. On 23rd July 2010, CU Pantura Lestari was founded in Sungai Putri with the following organizational structure.
Photograph 7. Pengawas dan pengurus CU Pantura AAdvisorsLestari terpilihPhotograph 12. CU Pantura Advisors and Management
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Diagram 5. CU Pantura Lestari Organizational Structure
TOP: Members’ Annual Meeting MIDDLE LEFT: management, board of directors, Director, Deputy Director, Secretary, Treasurer; MIDDLE RIGHT: Supervisors, Director, Secretary, member; LOWER MIDDLE: Service site coordinator; BOTTOM: Credit and Collection Section, Finance and Accounting Section, Education and Training Section, Administration and Protection Section.
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It is hoped that the existence of the CU may answer the needs of the community in surrounding area for capital to move from illegal practices of using the forest to production businesses that are more sustainable both for the community and environment. CU is also an effective tool for organizing, as well as a social glue for, traditional and semi‐urban communities. One of the systems developed for reduction of logging activities in the region is integration of conservation issues into the CU basic educational modules. These modules normally contain knowledge on financial management but Campaign Manager has developed one with conservation concerns included for CUPL.
The proposed group targeted for CU is the farming community in the villages of Tempurukan, Sei Putri, Tanjung Baik Budi and Kuala Tolak. CU was expected to start by January 2010 and by June 2010 (after 5 months) the number of farmers joining it was expected to reach 150 with a total asses of 150 million rupiah.
In reality, however, CUPL was only formed in July 2010, six months later than planned. This was because community organizing and capacity building process took time. This CU is named Pantura Lestari (PL) considering that the position of the targeted villages to develop this CU are located along the northern shore of the District of Ketapang (Note: Pantura is an abbreviation for Pantai Utara = the north beach). Conservation spirit is integrated into several aspects of the CU, such as in its slogan ”Green is my Forest, Long Live my CUPL”. The same spirit is also evident in its logo CUPL which is an image of hands holding a tree sapling and a rice stalk. This logo portrays the dreams of CUPL to help the community around Sungai Putri forest prosper and also conserve the region. Globally, CU itself will not support economic businesses which cause damage to the environment (black economy). Basic policies which become the operations basis for the CUPL are
shown in Attachment D.
There are three There are three kinds of savings available: an investment called BELAT investment (Benih Lanjut Terus) , daily savings called BETAH (Boleh Tiap Hari) and the longer term deposit called JANGKAR. These terms were chosen from everyday life in communities on the
Image 5. CU Pantura Logo Lestari
Image 6. CU Pantura Lestari mainstay products
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coast. For example ’Belat’ is Malay language for a tidal trap for catching fish which is a wooden frame about 15 cm long and made from nibung and bakau trees..
To encourage the community’s spirit of enterpreneurship, up to the end of 2010 CUPL would only channelled productive loans ‐ those used for business purposes. Consumption loans would only be channeled in 2011.
On the first day in service the CU 12 people joined as members and the capital collected was Rp. 29,945,000.00. By 31st July 2010, there were 24 members and a capital of 71.584.000 rupiah. Timewise this CU is not as planned. However, membership and asset targets ‐ wise, which was 30 members and 30 million rupiah per month, as per 31st July it had exceeded expectation as the capital raised already reached 71 million rupiah after just a week.
In‐depth interviews with several target audience members show positive response toward the formation of CUPL and they were sure that the CU will cause changes to the economy of their community. They also said that there was no significant barrier for farmers to join Credit Union. However, they did need time to collect money for initial administrative expenses and discuss thing with their family.
Support from target audience is shown for example by a campaign follower who used to work in logging who gave Rp. 600,000 of his own money to help pay for a the internship expenses of would‐be CU staff. There is also an ex‐wood worker who let his house be used as a temporary CUPL service point.
Photograph 8. The atmosphere of the first day CU Pantura Lestari in service
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However, it is too early to tell whether the adoption of CU will have an impact on the conservation of Sunagi Putri forest. Monitoring results of threat reduction in the region (July 2010) did not show any real change in the logging activities done by target audience in there. But, there were fewer investors supporting them. In 2008, there were 7 of them but now there are only 3. All are local people living there. Two investors are identified as people from Sungai Putri and the other one from Tanjung Baik Budi. Full comparison about the number of workers, workhops and chainsaws on locations are presented in the following table.
Table 22. Comparisons of Number of Workers, Workshops and Logging Tools 2008 – 2010
Year Group of Staying Workers (5 members)
Group of Commuting Workers (2 members)
Workshop
Chainsaw
2008 7 ‐ 5 – 8 10 2010 2 10 2 12
Source: Investigation Data, 2010
Ideally, the effect of conservation should be reviewed by July 2011 to assess how economic strenghtening through CU affect the integrity of the region of Sungai Putri.
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VI. CRITICAL ANALYSIS
Project Planning Stage
Project planning is divided into several stages, starting from doing field research to integrating the results of the studies into the project planning document.
1. Consensus Workshop
A consensus workshop was carried out on 14th February 2009 in the village of Sungai Putri. There were 36 participants who represented village governments, community leaders, and end users from the four (4) target villages (Tempurukan, Sungai Putri, Tanjung Baik Budi dan Kuala Tolak). The meeting was to formulate the conceptual model for the region of Sungai Putri Peat Swamp Forest Complex. Regional government element was deliberately not invited to avoid unease and to help end users convey their views freely. The government would be involved later as experts to consult and whose views would be requested after the workshop.
A lesson learnt from this stage is that, first of all, this is a very important process for starting up a project or activity in any region. It is important to build mutual understanding with respect to any existing issues. In the campaign manager’s experience, an agency often works to solve a problem based on a one sided assessment. Threat assessment may only be done by desk study or direct field monitoring without involving the community or end users. As a result, it can be very difficult to get local public support during the implementation of the project.
The second lesson is that the choice of participants in this kind of workshop will become something that determines the output of the meeting. The campaign manager asked the village chiefs to help participants who were in direct interraction with the region of Sungai Putri. She also explained the details of the meeting’s objectives and stages to them. The village chiefs were then expected to relay that information to the invitees. Unfortunately, when the workshop had started and the campaign manager explained the purpose and objectives of the meeting, many of the participants did not understand and even expressed their doubt that Titian would work in their region. Consequently she had to spend a lot of time explaining the workshop. The doubts probably came up
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because the community here had never worked with an NGO before. However, this is a very valuable lesson for her. In the future, if she has to do a workshop like this, she knows she will have to work hard to explain things in detail to all stakeholders involved.
The context of discussion in this meeting was also debated. Some people also raised an objection to using the name “Sungai Putri Forest” as they thought that the name referred only to the area of the forest under the administration of Sungai Putri. If that had been the case, people from other villages could refuse to participate in the meeting because they did not want to have anything to do with something outside their own villages. However, after some explanation about what the name referred to, they accepted it and the discussion process continued. This is a special note for the campaign manager. Next time, when doing something similar in a different place, she will make sure to consider whether there is uniformity in naming places in the region. In the context of Sungai Putri, she should have found the local names for the forest region.
The next lesson is that it is very important to be in control of yourself and to be neutral during a workshop. The campaign manager became acutely aware of this when some workshop participants talked about unrelated things. She had to be firm but not carried away emotionally to keep the workshop pleasant for everyone.
Participants who like talking about things outside context are another challenge in the process. If there was a lapse of concentration, the campaign manager could get carried away by a discussion that didn’t touch the subject and moved away from the direction of the workshop. To avoid this, the camapign manager had created a kaleidoscope and had it printed as a guideline during the workshop. This became her guide to steer the discussions to the road she had already mapped out.
Another challenge was keeping the participants active and enthusiastic up to the end. She tried to keep morale high with energizer games at intervals.
The result of this workshop was then processed using Miradi and discussed with the team and agencies involved. We also invited input from the Agriculture Department and the Office of Information, Culture and Tourism. We did not contact the Department of Forestry because we concluded that the results of the workshop that were related to that department did not need any clarification.
2. Quantitave Research
Quantitative research was carried out in April 2009 using the questionnaire survey method. The questionnaire was developed using the software ApianSurvey Pro. Sample selection was done with help in calculation from www.surveysystem.com based on the
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number of population in the four target villages. As a comparison we took a sample of a village near the site. The number of control sample is 2/3 of total sample in the target villages.
There were 11 enumerators helping to implement the survey. All of them came from the villages surveyed (target and control). The day before the survey these enumerators received training. The objective was that they would understand the interview guiding questionnaire and how to select a sample. During the training the enumerators and the campaign manager made a coaching agreement. This was an oral agreement. Enumerators were allowed to contact the campaign manager everytime they had a technical problem in the field. However, this turned out to be a problem for the campaign manager. Enumerators often called the campaign manager for technical issues they could have resolved on their own. For example, when a respondent asked what the objective of the survey was and whether he had to be counted, an enumerator would not answer but called the campaign manager so that she could give the answer to the respondent herself. This could probably be caused by:
The coaching mechanism agreement did not refer to anything specific.
There was no agreement on the kind of technical problems whose solution could be discussed with the campaign manager.
There seemed to be a certain “distance” between the enumerators and the campaign manager.
Perhaps they could not place themselves within a team with the campaign manager which could have caused by the fact that the recruitment was rather close to the training and survey implementation so the campaign manager did not have much time to get to know them and build her survey team.
Learning from the experiences of managing this pre‐campaign survey, for the post‐campaign survey the campaign manager selected one enumerator coordinator. Now, the coaching mechanism was not directly from campaign manager to enumerator. If a technical help was needed in the field, an enumerator would call the coordinator. If the coordinator could not help solve the problem, he/she would consult the campaign manager. This method proved effective and the campaign mangaer could allocate her time to something else. At the same time, the campaign manager was also working with the CU pioneer team preparing strategic planning. A division of roles with the enumerator coordinator enabled her to focus more on preparing the CU strategic planning.
Before the quantitative survey, a questionnaire tryout was not done so it was only after the survey was held that the respondents’ reception of the question items was found. The answer options provided for measuring behaviour change, for example, turned out to be difficult for the respondents to understand. This was only found out after the post‐campaign survey. A questionnaire tryout is very important to carry out to improve its quality so that respondents can understand it and respond to it well. The validity and reliability of a questionnaire must be tested to meet the standards of scientific research. Validity is a matter of whether a
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measuring instrument measures data correctly, or whether the measuring instrument measures exactly what is to be measured. Meanwhile, reliability means whether the instrument shows consistent results when used to measure the same thing over and over again. For instrument/questionnaire tryout/pre‐test, respondents are usually selected from a site different from the target site but having similar characteristics. The number of respondents usually is 10% of that of the survey samples8.
3. Qualitative Reasearch and discussions with experts
Qualitative research and discussions with experts were especially carried out when designing barrier removal activities. As for the factor chain of the limited access to capital, the campaign manager carried out a qualitative research to find out the community ‘s enthusiasm for building a vehicle for pooling capital. It was also to find out whether there had been some kind of financial institution existing in the village and how its development and what the challenges it faced were. This reseach was done using the method of in depth interview with key figures. Discussions with experts were needed for writing the Barrier Removal Assessment and Viability Overview (BRAVO) and Barrier Removal Operational Plan (BROP).
The biggest challenge in this stage was time management. This was because the resource person or experts to be consulted sometimes did no have any time available within our targeted timeline. As the strategy to solve this, involving an expert in CU, the campaign manager did a library search first and then started to write the BROP. The result of consulting the expert was only then added to improve the document outline.
The biggest challenge regarding stakeholders at the village level was asking them to give some of their time for an interview and convince them that their information would be very helpful in designing the project. The campaign manager usually visited the resource people in the evening because from morning till late afternoon they worked in their fields or gardens. To help break the ice and be more convincing to them, the campaign manager would bring the village chief or any other influential person to be present during the interview.
Through this process the campaign manager learned to understand the character of people and develop communication skills so that the resource person would feel free to express his or her views. During this process the campaign manager thought that her capacity to understand the ins and outs of CU had also improved. This was because to have a discussion with experts/resource people, she had to enrich herself with information on CU.
8 http://syehaceh.wordpress.com/2008/10/20/uji-instrumen-2
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Another challenge was preparing the BRAVO because the its template was rather complicated especially the part called “BRAVO Design Guidelines”. Criteria and the scoring system in the economic and cultural/politics part was difficult to understand. The campaign manager spent a lot of time consulting the Pride Program Manager and colleagues about how to use this tool. She thought RARE should simplify this tool, or perhaps even change it. For example, barrier removal strategies perhaps could be analysed using SWOT that is already more familiar and simpler.
Implementation Stage
The implementation stage started in August 2009 and continued up to the third university phase in August 2010. This impementation stage will be viewed in the context of capacity, constituency and conservation.
1. Capacity
Capacity here will be divided into capacity to change of the campaign manager and that of the agency. Improvement in the campaign manager’s capacity may be split into three elements:
a. Leadership: the ability to manage agents of change to achieve a common goal, organizing the community.
The experience in organizing community during the campaign contributed to the improvement of the campaign manager’s leadership skills. Especially after she had found some agents of change in the community, she had to manage them to achieve the conservation objectives that were our aspiration, as was stated in the project’s theory of change. The campaign manager helped keep motivation high and direct the steps taken by the agents of change to reach that goal.
As an example is the story of Mr. Asri and Ms. Rumita in Sungai Putri village. The campaign manager spent a lot of energy at the beginning of the campaign to direct their steps, build their capacity and confidence in organizing the community. But later on, these two people helped a lot and made the campaign manager’s burden in community mobilization lighter. Ms. Rumita on her own initiative scheduled meetings to market CU in her village. So did Mr. Asri. The campaign manager only needed to monitor their activity on the phone.
The campaign manager also built family kinship links with these agents of change. The common way was by home visits or even “living in” for a time. She tried to position herself as a friend or part of their family. She has developed one of the four charm
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elements of PRES leadership which is reaching out i.e. the ability to build a relationship with others through emphathy, listening and real relationships9.
The biggest challenge for her in developing her capacity for leadership was maintaining the high motivation of both the agents and the benefeciary community. It was even harder when, at the same time, the campaign manager had to motivate herself. In alleviating problems during difficult times, the campaign manager preferred to stay away from the agents to avoid conflicts cause by bad mood.
b. Skills : the ability to prepare an effective presentation, facilitation, proposal writing, negitation techniques.
With regard to abilities related to social marketing, the campaign manager thought she has improved her facilitation techniques and ability to prepare effective presentations. She is now more confident in facilitating meetings both at the village level and with government officials/stakeholders. She is also capable of preparing effective presentations and has a strong pitch. Her colleagues now often invite her opinions when they are preparing program plan or field findings presentations to partner agencies.
The campaign manager has been more confident in writing and developing project proposals, especially for grants with a duration of 1 to 2 years. During the campaign period, she prepared and sent out three 3 proposals. Two of those proposals were rejected and the last one was at the selection stage.
Improvement in her negotiation skills was obvious to her when she negoriated with BR partner agency to request reduction of CU strategic planning facilitation costs. Initially the partner agency BR requested a high facilitation fee, almost half of the BROP fund. The campaign manager then wrote a letter requesting a buy‐in from the partner. She succesfully got a buy‐in and there was an almost 29% reduction. The same thing happened when she negotiated the broadcast of the Public Service Announcements with RSPDK. She got one extra slot per day for two months.
c. Project Management: building and cultivating partnership, managing project resources, carrying out project stages in a structured manner.
In project management the campaign manager has learned not to be reactive and has become more adaptive to the project dynamics. When early in the campaign she had to face the fact that the agreement made with the partner organization did not
9 Halpern, Belle Linda and Kathy Lubar. Leadership Presence. New York. 2003
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work, she took the step of finding another partner so that the campaign could carry on. Before doing the Pride Campaign in Sungai Putri, she had run a similar program in the Gunung Palung National Park in Ketapang in 2002 ‐ 2007. At the time, she cultivated partnerships with many parties including regional government, NGO partners, media and artistic groups. The relationships were sustained up to the time she returned to work in Ketapang to carry out the Pride Campaign in 2008. Well cultivated partnerships had made it easier for the campaign manager to find support for the campaign in Sungai Putri. Palung Foundation, for example, was willing to help the implementation of mobile cinema by fund sharing whereas in fact their work area did not include Sungai Putri Forest.
This agreement that did not work and also required the manager to manage the very limited project resources well. While organizing the Credit Union, there was an idea from the pioneering team to prepare a factsheet about CU. However, because of the limited resources this factsheet was duplicated only by photocopying. Information about CU was still being relayed albeit using an inexpensive medium.
During the campaign period, the campaign manager also learned how to implement project stages in a structured way. She had previously carried out a similar program but the stages were not as organized as with the Pride Campaign program. The biggest challenge for her was that it was not easy to change. After working for quite some time in a disorganized kind of way, she had to work hard to discipline herself. For example, when she was in the stage of preparing the Campaign Operational Work Plan or Gantt Chart, it was initially very difficult for her to force herself to make daily targets. However, when it was done, she benefitted from the COWP when she had to adapt campaign activities and in writing reports.
Another example was when the campaign manager was producing media without doing any pre‐test. Campaign media were only produced based on the organization’s whims. This time it was different. Campaign media were tried out on the target community before being produced. They were made in a participatory way.
Concerning the improvement in the organization’s capacity:
a. The agency has started including SMART objectives in all of its project proposals. This will convince financing agencies that it will support projects. Prior to this a lot of the agency’s achievement did not meet these criteria so it was a bit difficult to report the achievements.
b. The agency now has gained a reputation by facilitating the founding of the CU. This was because a barrier removal strategy was succesfully initiated in Sungai Putri. Titian formerly had done more work with policy makers to encourage policies or law enforcement. This reputation will increase the agency’s bargaining position for donor agencies.
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2. Constituency
In order to encourage behaviour change and create a conservation constituency, the activities in this campaign address four (4) variables i.e. knowledge, attitude, interpersonal communication and behaviour change. The activities to stimulate changes in knowledge, attitude and interpersonal communication, as were elaborated in Chapter IV, include radio activities, public service announcement production, holding a series of village meetings, mobile cinema and production of leaflet, brochures and comics.
However, because the types of media used were not sufficient in number, the change in that variable was also not sufficiently significant. For variable about knowledge of the functions of forest as a carbon sequester for example, it only increased 39,75% compared to the result of the pre‐campaign survey. It is also apparent from the support of the target audience toward the necessity of conservation of the Sungai Putri area which only increased by 1,25%.
In the Diffusion of Innovation theory 10, there are four (4) main elements in the process of communicating new ideas to a person or community, i.e. 1) an innovation or new idea, 2) sender of message, 3) receiver of message and 4) communication channel connecting the message sender and receiver. Limited communication channels used (in this case campaign activities) will have an impact on the target audience’s reception toward the idea/message imparted.
The limited use of the campaign media was also caused by the agreement with the campaign partner agency not working as expected. This Pride Campaign was financed by a partner agency who had been working in the area prior to us. This was agreed by both parties long before the implementation stage started. However, when the campaign was just about to start, the agreement did not work. This fact was an important lesson for the campaign manager and her agency that however close the relationship between your agency and a partner agency, you must take into account any possibility. This includes the partner agency pulling out from any previous verbal or unwritten ‘gentlemen’s agreement’.
It is very important to prepare a memorandum of understanding (MoU) based on the agreement of the parties involved for a certain period of time. The MoU containing an inter‐agency understanding is intended to establish a moral bond between the agencies. The project planning document must also be attached to the MoU especially because financing would become the full responsibility of the partner agency. This would decrease the possibility of any of the parties relinquishing their role and responsibilities. The agency must also keep a copy of the document so that they can refer to its content when necessary.
10 Rogers, Everett M. Diffusion of Innovation 4th Edition. New York. 1995
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Apart from using social marketing media, this campaign also introduced establishing a Credit Union as a barrier removal activity. The key concept in social marketing, as it appeared in the First Series of Turning Point Resources on Social Marketing, is benefit exchange. A social marketing activity must increase or highlight benefits and decrease or de‐emphasize the barriers.
The barrier the target audience faced was accessing capital to develop subsistence businesses, which made it difficult for them to reduce their use of timber from the region. This was solved by this campaign by organizing them to set up Credit Union Pantura Lestari on 23rd July 2010. The founding of this CU and the willingness of the target audience to become members showed that the supporting constituency for the conservation of Sungai Putri was already established. This supporting constituency was also apparent from the willingness of some people to volunteer to help organize the community, to give donations for the development of the Credit Union, and help organize events.
This support was gained because of the personal approach the campaign manager manager cultivated with the key figures at the village level in a consistent and continuous manner. Every time visiting the target villages, she visited these key figures to have a discussion with them. The approach she used was also more familiar. She even purposely stayed with one of the key figures’ families to make communication better and to build trust.
Another interesting fact is that although the CU initiation had the support from the target audience, support towards the conservation of Sungai Putri forest is still very low. The post campaign survey showed there was a change of only +0,5 pp (target audience who strongly agree to the forest conservation) and +3,6 pp (target audience who agree to conserve the forest). This could be caused by a confusion in the community about the management planning for a block of Sungai Putri forest. On one hand, Titian and FFI‐IP are trying to encourage conservation of the area, while on the other hand the regional government is opening an opportunity for the area’s conversion into palm plantation. Even in early June 2010, the Environmental Impact Assessment Agency of West Kalimantan Province invited some representatives of Sungai Putri villagers to attend the meeting of the conceptual framework for AMDAL (Environmental Impact Assesment) of PT. Arttu Energy Resources whose location was suggested to be in Sungai Putri forest by the Ketapang District Regional Body for Planning and Development.
3. Conservation
It is too early to assess the conservation achievement now as CU is only a new operation and it has not yet played its role fully in strengthening the community’s economy. At the time of the writing of the project plan document, this campaign was expected to reduce logging in the area by 30%. However, if we look at the comparison of the numbers of those working in the timber industry in 2008 and 2010, there was only a slight reduction. If we look at the trend, however, we can say that logging activities in this region were declining. This fact is emphasized by the declining number of “investors” in this illegal business.
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In the future, to have a wider impact on conservation, a more in‐depth study is needed about the gap between the supply of legal timber and demand for lumber for local building. Titian also plans to encourage the regional government to establish a legal timber procurement system in an effort to reduce the illegal logging activities. If this is not done, whether or not the government is aware of it, it is encouraging the use of illegal timber in the region of Sungai Putri forest and elsewhere in West Kalimantan.
In the CU itself, a system needs to be established to encourage behaviour change on the part of member farmers to slowly lower their dependence on the forest. Criteria for borrowing are already planned. Members from the village with lower dependence on local timber will get a higher loan platform. Titian will monitor illegal logging in the field on a regular basis to form the basis of CUPL credit/loan team assessments. By creating such a system the community would be encouraged to reduce using local timber.
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VII. FOLLOW UP STRATEGY
Introduction The first campaign carried out in Sungai Puteri peat swamp forest has just finished in July 2010. The results of the campaign were: Knowledge on the functions of Sungai Putri peat swamp forest i.e., carbon sequestration, and prevention of salt water intrusion,
has increased by 39.75%. and 43%. There is also the community’s attitude agreeing that there is a relationship between the deforestation and the intrusion (26.25%) and the increasing intensity of communication in the target community on conservation of the peat swamp forest (33,25%).
Constituents for Sungai Putri conservation is already established on 23 July 2010 as Pantura Lestari Credit Union financial board. There are 34 members with total asset Rp. 96.054.000.
The Credit Union acts as a means of organizing the community and have them change their behaviour with regard to the Sungai Putri peat swamp forest.
Although the changes have already happened, there are still many challenges that should be overcome in the future. The basic problem is the plan to manage the peat swamp forest complex. Sungai Putri peat swamp forest area is an ombrogen peat dome which reaches 15 metres in depth. The Production Forests and the Convertible Production Forests are an important habitat for Borneo’s orangutan (P.p.wurmbii) and now they are facing the threat of the area’s function being converted. If the plan is carried out then there will be 5.56 – 7.74 millions of carbon released into the atmosphere (Fauna & Flora International – Indonesia Programme, 2008) and this will affect global climate. The community around Sungai Putri peat swamp forest area need to draw up a clear forest conservation plan so that they have a stronger bargaining position when the forest is converted. The follow up strategy is build based on this consideration.
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Strategy 1. Increasing support for conservation in this area To maintain the support already garnered and to increase the target community’s knowledge and attitudes, there is a need to implement outreach programs and raise awareness. SMART objectives : From September 2010 – August 2011, Titian will continue the outreach program to increase the support of lumberjacks for conservation of Sungai Putri peat swamp forest area from 48.4% to 88.4%. The follow up to this awareness raising will be the increased willingness to join Credit Union (to reach 1287 members at the end of September 2011) and start to think about other sustainable alternative businesses. The membership target is the same as is stated in Pantura Lestari CU business plan based on the strategic plan drawn up in July 2010.
Table 23. Program to increase support for conservation of the area
Outreach program for the lumberjacks
Description of the program
The first campaign increased the support in the community for conservation of the area by only 1.25%. This is due to the limitations of the communication channels used. More needs to be achieved by increasing by using improved channels of communication to reach the desired targets.
The following communication channels will be used to increase the community support:
Village meetings In the post‐campaign the target community chose village meetings as the source of information they liked most after leaflets. The depth of the content of these meetings is good even it does have shorter reach. The program will continue to be implemented intensively to deliver information to the target community on the use of forest and Credit Union and its correlation to the conservation.
Village meetings will be held 15 times (once in every neighbourhood in the target villages).
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The meeting will be held at night between 7.30 to 9.30 pm West Indonesian Time, with an estimated 20 to 25 participants.
The management of the CU will be involved in every meeting. They will bring registration forms and membership books to help with the meetings.
Posters Posters function as a tool to promote the benefits of the CU to the community. The posters will be displayed in strategic locations such as food stalls, auto service stations, markets, and community halls. The posters will also be displayed in schools and various public health clinics to reach wider audience. As many as 500 posters will be printed.
Billboard The billboard is produced to promote the functions of Sungai Putri peat swamp forest. There will be one 4 x 6 metre billboard positioned in Kuala Tolak at Sungai Putri forest complex’s entrance gate.
The billboard is a follow up of an idea from the community in the previous campaign.
Radio programs Radio program “Conversations on Conservation” by Gema Solidaritas FM will be continued. It has a moderate impact but it has wider range.
To generate enthusiasm for listening to the program, they invite local public figures once in a while as people who are sources of information for the talk show. There will be a listener card.
Reasons High threat to the habitat of unprotected orangutans, the vulnerable ecosystem, the impact on global climate, for these reasons there is a need to increase the conservation of the area.
Partners Palung Foundation, CU Pantura Lestari, Gema Solidaritas FM Radio Station, printing agency
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Evaluation Support increasing on Sungai Putri peat swamp forest area conservation to 40%
Sub program:
Village meetings
Time framework:
October 2010 – January 2011
Budget:
Transportation: $82
Meals: $327
Stationary: $ 55
RACI:
R: Ade Yuliani
C: chief of CUPL, chief of the target sub‐ district, village head
Poster October 2010 Publishing 500 posters: $ 490
R: Ade Yuliani
Billboard January 2011 Production and installation: $ 750
R: Ade Yuliani
C: Local artists, printing agency, Settlement Department of Ketapang
Radio program October 2010 – August 2011
Free radio broadcasting from GS FM Radio.
R: Ade Yuliani
C: Radio GS FM broadcasting
Estimated Total Cost: $ 1704. Timeframe: October 2010 – August 2010
Strategy 2. Maximize the role of CU in strengthening the local economy and motivating changes in the behaviour in the target community. To maximize the role of CU in strengthening the local economy and also decrease the illegal logging in Sungai Putri forest, there is a need to increase the capacity of the CU management periodically.
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SMART Objectives: There will be 7 trainings before September 2011 which will involve at least 8 farmers who organize CU Pantura Lestari and 4 people
from the management team. In May 2011 there will be credit criteria which can motivate the behavioural changes in the target community in terms of logging
from Sungai Putri forest.
Table 24. Capacity Building Programs of the CU admin and management
Capacity building program
Description of the program
As the CU is formed, the trainings should be carried out to increase the capacity of the CU admin and management. Since the CU is formed on July 2010, 5 months after the scheduled time because they need to build up the community’s trust and increasing the capacity of the management candidate, so the trainings are delivered with a follow up strategy.
The trainings are:
Training on Leadership (3 days, 12 persons) Training of trainers, Basic training (3 days, 25 persons) Training the main group (2 days, 25 persons) Training on credit management (3 days, 12 persons) Training on financial recording (4 days, 12 persons) Training on auditing (5 days, 12 persons) Workshop on SOP (5 days, 12 persons)
The training is for supervisor, administrator, staff and potential member of the CU. Potential member will join the training except the training the main group. Potential members are the members of CU who are identified to have influence on the community. The trainings are given so that they can help the management of the CU to promote the advantages of joining the CU.
Reason Many inputs are aimed at strengthening the Credit Union.
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Partner BKCUK, CU activists
Evaluation process Survey after the training
Sub program Time framework Budget RACI
Training on Leadership December 2010 Meals: $ 78,26
Stationary: $ 54,35
Transportation, accommodation, and meals for the facilitator: $ 163, 04
Inventive for the facilitator: $ 534,48
ToT on Basic Training November 2010 Stationary: $ 54,35
Meals: $ 164
Accommodation & transportation of the facilitator: $ 163, 04
Facilitator inventive: $ 534,48
Training the main group
November 2010 Stationary: $ 54,35
Meals: $ 108,7
Accommodation, transportation of the facilitator: $ 163, 04
R: Ade Yuliani
C: BKUCK/ CU activists
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Facilitator incentive: $ 534,48
Training on Credit Management
January 2010 Stationary: $ 54,35
Meals: $ 78,76
Accommodation, transportation of the facilitator: $ 163, 04
Facilitator incentive: $ 1087
Training on Financial Recording
February 2010 Stationary: $ 54,35
Meals: $ 104,3
Accommodation, transportation of the facilitator: $ 163, 04
Facilitator incentive: $ 1087
Training on Auditing March 2010 Stationary: $ 54,35
Meals: $130,4
Accommodation, transportation of the facilitator: $ 163, 04
Facilitator incentive: $ 1087
Workshop on SOP April 2010 Stationary: $ 54,35
Meals: $ 130,4
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Accommodation, transportation of the facilitator: $ 326
Facilitator incentive: $ 1087
Estimated total cost: $ 8430.95
From the previous campaign there is a surplus of $500 from BROP, so the request for implementing the follow up strategy is only $ 7930.95
Timeframe: November 2010 – April 2011
Strategy 3: Encourage the formulation of a management plan for the Sungai Putri forest area The lack of a management unit for the area makes it vulnerable and like a no‐man’s land. The community in the area needs to be motivated to make local plan as a basis for managing the natural resources in the Sungai Putri forest. This planning will be followed by the drafting of local regulations for managing the forest. The document can be used as a proposal for forest villages to be sent to the local government and as a basis for using the land in the area. SMART Ojective: On September 2011, there will be a written proposal about forest villages from one of the target villages that will be submitted to the Forestry Department of Ketapang.
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Table 25. The Drafting of Village Plans
The Drafting of Village Plans
Description of the program
To encourage the drawing up of plans, the local administrator needs the information on managing the natural resources which can be carried out by the community and a success story from a similar program in Indonesia. The activity to support it is mainly the series of village meetings.
Reasons There is no conservation unit so it makes the Sungai Putri peat swamp forest more vulnerable from to threats.
Partner FFI‐IP (optional)
Evaluating process There is a proposal on forest village which is submitted in September 2011
Sub Program Time Framework Budget RACI
Village meetings March – September 2011 Village meetings (14 times): $761
Accommodation, transportation of the facilitator: 652
R: Ade Yuliani, Sulhani
C: Forestry Department of Ketapang
Estimated total cost: $ 1413 Time framework: March – September 2011
So the estimated total cost needed to implement the follow up strategy is $ 11047,95 with a duration of 12 months in October 2010, finishing September 2011.
Conclusion In the first campaign, the strategy was to emphasize educating the community about the benefits of the forest that support farming activity. Moreover, the REDD mechanism was introduced as financing the conservation where the community can obtain economic
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benefits while conserving the forest. Since the commitment from the government and the local government is still unclear, in the second campaign, Titian will try to introduce the forest village concept to the sub‐district administration. Through the mechanism, the importance of conservation of the area and the need for firewood in the villages can be fulfilled, but of course in accordance with clear regulations so that deforestation can be minimized. The Credit Union will be supported continuously so that it can take a part in strengthening the financial and social capital and motivate behavioural changes on the part of the community around the Sungai Putri forest.
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VIII. Appendices
Pre Test Campaign Material (Brochure and PSA)
Pre‐Test Public Service Announcement on How Peat Swamp Forest Prevents Intrusion
Method: Interview (an estimated maximum of 10 minutes per person)
The target audience member being interviewed listens to a recording of a public service announcement and then is asked the following questions:
1. Is the content of this public service announcement easy to understand? Is its message easy to catch?
2. Does the content of this public service announcement motivate the target audience?
3. Does the content of this public service announcement have any negative effect (e.g. hurt anyone’s feelings)?
4. Do you want to participate in the activity mentioned in this community service announcement?
Feedback received:
Impression of the public service announcement content : ....................………………………………………………………………………………………
The language style of the public service announcement : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Understanding of the public service announcement: …………………………………………………………………………………………………….
This feedback is then used as a basis for revision of the concepts behind the public service announcements already used.
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Variables being measured :
Pulling power the suitablity of the language and tone in terms of its target audience
Comprehension in terms of the main message
Acceptability the suitablity of the choiced underpinning the public service announcement in terms of its target audience
Mobilization the follow up for the target group once they are exposed to the public service announcement
Pre‐Test Brochure
Method: Interview (an estimated maximum of 10 minutes per person)
The target audience member being interviewed is given the opportubity to read a draft of the brochure and then is asked the following questions:
1. Is the content of this brochure easy to understand? Is its message easy to catch?
2. Is the vocabulary used difficult to understand? Should they be replaced with other words and if so what?
3. Does the content of this brochure motivate the target audience?
4. Does the content of this brochure have any negative effect (e.g. hurt anyone’s feelings)?
5. Do you want to participate in the activity mentioned in this brochure?
Feedback received:
Impression of the brochure content : ....................………………………………………………………………………………………
The language style of the brochure: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
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Understanding of the brochure: …………………………………………………………………………………………………….
This feedback is then used as a basis for revision of the concepts behind the public service announcements already used.
Variables being measured :
Pulling power the suitablity of the tone and language in terms of its target audience
Comprehension in terms of the main message
Acceptability the suitablity of the choices underpinning the public service announcement in terms of its target audience
Mobilization the follow up for the target group once they are exposed to the brochure
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Pre‐Campaign Survey Questionnaire OPINION SURVEY ON THE SUNGAI PUTRI PEAT SWAMP FOREST
Introduction
Assalamu'alaikum/ Good Morning / Afternoon / Evening, may name is ....................................... and I am helping to gather data on the utilization of the peat swamp forest around the villages of Tempurukan and Kuala Tolak. We would very much appreciate your participation in this survey by answering a few questions. Whatever information you provide will be handled in the strictest confidence. Neither your name nor your answers will be shown to any other person except for those working on this survey. Your responses will help us to plan and implement our program.
Your participation in this survey is voluntary. You can opt to not answer questions that are asked. There are no right and wrong answers. Indeed your opinions are very important to us and we hope that you can help us in this matter. May I start the interview now?
Does the respondent agree to be interviwed? (If ‘no’, the interview ends) [ ] Yes
Questionnaire Number:
________________
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Part 1. Background Information (completed by the person conducting the survey)
Target Village Surveyed
[ ] Tempurukan [ ] Sei Putri [ ] Tanjung Baik Budi [ ] Kuala Satong
Period of Survey
[ ] Baseline ‐ Campaign Area [ ] Baseline ‐ Comparison [ ] Post‐ Campaign ‐ Campaign Area [ ] Post‐ Campaign ‐ Comparison
Respondent’s gender
[ ] Male [ ] Female
Part 2. Social‐Economic and Demographic Questions
(1) How old are you?
(2) What is your level of education?
[ ] Elementary School [ ] Junior High School [ ] Senior High School [ ] Higher/Tertiary Education [ ] Did not graduate Elementary School [ ] No formal schooling
[ ] Others ________________
(3) What is your job? (can be more than one)
[ ] Civil Servant/Military [ ] Farmer [ ] Trader [ ] Fisher [ ] Skilled Worker [ ] Woodworker
[ ] Others ________________
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(4) If you are a farmer, what farming are you engaged in?
[ ] A landowning farmer [ ] A farmer who clears forest land [ ] Farmer who works on someone else’s land
(5) Do you own farmland? [ ] Yes [ ] No
(A) How much land do you own?
________________
(6) Do you own rice fields? [ ] Yes [ ] No
(A) How much do you own?
________________
(7) Do you own a fruit orchard? (including coconuts) [ ] Yes [ ] No
(A) How big is it?
________________
(8) Do you own a rubber plantation? [ ] Yes [ ] No
(A) How big is it?
________________
(9) Do you own a mixed plantation? [ ] Yes [ ] No
(A) How big is it?
(10) What hours do you usually work? (on your farm, rice field, orchard etc)
[ ] 05.00 ‐ 08.00 [ ] 08.00 ‐ 11.00 [ ] 11.00 ‐ 14.00 [ ] 14.00 ‐ 17.00 [ ] Others ________________
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Part 3. Reliable Sources Of Information and Access/Exposure to Media
(11) I am going to read out some sources of information about the management of peat swamp forest, please indicate the degree to which you trust each source of information:
(A) Village Chief
[ ] Believable [ ] Quite Believable [ ] Not Believable [ ] Don’t Know
(B) BPD
[ ] Believable [ ] Quite Believable [ ] Not Believable [ ] Don’t Know
(C) Head of Neighbourhood
[ ] Believable [ ] Quite Believable [ ] Not Believable [ ] Don’t Know
(D) Head of Neighbourhood Sub‐Division
[ ] Believable [ ] Quite Believable [ ] Not Believable [ ] Don’t Know
(E) Public Figure
[ ] Believable [ ] Quite Believable [ ] Not Believable [ ] Don’t Know
(F) Islamic Teacher
[ ] Believable [ ] Quite Believable [ ] Not Believable [ ] Don’t Know
(G) Local medicine man
[ ] Believable [ ] Quite Believable [ ] Not Believable [ ] Don’t Know
(H) Elders
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[ ] Believable [ ] Quite Believable [ ] Not Believable [ ] Don’t Know
(I) Other Community Members
[ ] Believable [ ] Quite Believable [ ] Not Believable [ ] Don’t Know
(12) In the last 2 months, what media have your received the most information from? (answer may include more than one)
[ ] Radio [ ] Television [ ] Newspaper [ ] Noticeboard [ ] Others ________________
(13) (only complete the following questions if the respondens answers ‘radio’)
(A) Mention two radio stations you most often listen to:
[ ] RSPDK Ketapang [ ] Vinka FM [ ] Delta FM [ ] RRI Pontianak [ ] Sonora Pontianak [ ] Others ________________
(B) What kind of program do you like?
[ ] Music [ ] News [ ] Talk Radio [ ] Others ________________
(C) At what times do you normally listen to the radio?
[ ] 06.00 ‐ 09.00 [ ] 09.01 ‐ 12.00 [ ] 12.01 ‐ 15.00 [ ] 15.01 ‐ 18.00 [ ] 18.01 ‐ 21.00 [ ] 21.01 ‐ 05.59
(D) Berapa sering anda mendengarkan radio?
[ ] Once a week [ ] Twice a week [ ] Not regularly [ ] Every day [ ] Others ________________
(14) (only complete the following questions if the respondens answers ‘newspaper’ to Q12 above)
(A) Mention two newspapers you most often read:
[ ] Pontianak Post [ ] Equator [ ] Berita Khatulistiwa (Berkat) [ ] Tribun Pontianak
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[ ] Borneo Tribune [ ] Others ________________
(B) Which section do you like best?
[ ] Crime News [ ] Entertainment [ ] News [ ] Sports [ ] Others ________________
(C) How often do you read the newspaper?
[ ] Once a week [ ] Twice a week [ ] Not regularly [ ] Every day [ ] Others ________________
(15) As far as you know, what is the means most often used for communication in the community?
[ ] Weekly Religious Meetings [ ] Village Meetings [ ] Women’s Meetings [ ] Others ________________
Part 4 Placing Respondents in terms of Behaviour Change Stages
(16) When do you usually use wood from the peat swamp forest? (there can be more than one anwser)
[ ] During certain seasons [ ] When there is an order [ ] All Year [ ] Never [ ] Others ________________
(17) If you answered "During certain seasons", what season are you referring to? ________________
(18) I am going to read six statements about the utilization of wood from the peat swamp forest. Choose the statement that is closest to your opinion:
[ ] During the last month, I haven’t thought about stopping my use of wood from the peat swamp forest
[ ] During the last month, I have thought about stopping my use of wood from the peat swamp forest, but I haven’t done so yet
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[ ] During the last month, I have thought about stopping my use of wood from the peat swamp forest and I intend to do so in the future
[ ] During the last month, I have thought about stopping my use of wood from the peat swamp forest and I intend to do so in the future. I have also spoken to other people about this.
[ ] In the last month, I have already reduced my use of wood from the peat swamp forest .
[ ] In the last month, I have stopped using of wood from the peat swamp forest.
(19) On average how many cubic metres of timber do you remove each time you go into the forest? ________________
(20) How often do you clear land the peat swamp forest for cultivation/plantation?
[ ] Once a year [ ] Once every two years [ ] Once every three years [ ] Once every four years [ ] Once every five years [ ] less than once every five years [ ] Other answer ________________
(21) What area of land do you clear each time? ________________
(22) I am going to read six statements about clearing land the peat swamp forest for cultivation/plantation. Choose the statement that is closest to your opinion:
[ ] During the last month, I haven’t thought about not clearing land for cultivation in the peat swamp forest
[ ] During the last month, I have thought about not clearing land for cultivation in the peat swamp forest, but I haven’t done so yet
[ ] During the last month, I have thought about stopping clearing land for cultivation in the peat swamp forest and I intend to do so in the future
[ ] During the last month, I have thought about stopping clearing land for cultivation in the peat swamp forest and I intend to do so in the future. I have also spoken to other people about this.
[ ] In the last month, I have already reduced my clearing land for cultivation in the peat swamp forest .
[ ] In the last month, I have stopped clearing land for cultivation in the peat swamp forest.
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(23) I am going to read six statements about the utilization of wood from the Sungai Putri peat swamp forest. Choose the statement that is closest to your opinion.
[ ] During the last month, I haven’t thought about stopping my use of wood from the peat swamp forest
[ ] During the last month, I have thought about stopping my use of wood from the peat swamp forest, but I haven’t done so yet
[ ] During the last month, I have thought about stopping my use of wood from the peat swamp forest and I intend to do so in the future
[ ] During the last month, I have thought about stopping my use of wood from the peat swamp forest and I intend to do so in the future. I have also spoken to other people about this.
[ ] In the last month, I have already reduced my use of wood from the peat swamp forest .
[ ] In the last month, I have stopped using of wood from the peat swamp forest.
(24) I am going to read six statements about developing an umbrella organisation for saving money to create capital together. Choose the statement that is closest to your opinion:
[ ] During the last month, I haven’t thought about developing an umbrella organisation for saving money to create capital together
[ ] During the last month, I have thought about developing an umbrella organisation for saving money to create capital together, but I haven’t done so yet
[ ] During the last month, I have thought about developing an umbrella organisation for saving money to create capital together and I intend to do so in the future
[ ] During the last month, I have thought about developing an umbrella organisation for saving money to create capital together and I intend to do so in the future. I have also spoken to other people about this.
[ ] During the last month, I have already started developing an umbrella organisation for saving money to create capital together.
[ ] During the last month, I have already developed an umbrella organisation for saving money to create capital together.
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Part 5 Set Baseline for Change for the SMART objectives for Knowledge and their Measurement
(25) For you, looking after the forest is:
[ ] A collective responsibility [ ] The responsibility of forestry workers [ ] The responsibility of the police
[ ] Not your responsibility [ ] Other answer ________________
(26) What do you know to be the functions of a peat swamp forest? (there can be more than one answer)
[ ] Water storage [ ] Carbon storage [ ] A habitat for orangutans and other wildlife
[ ] A source of timber [ ] A barrier to salt water [ ] A source of cash [ ] Others ________________
(27) How did you find out about this? (there can be more than one answer)
[ ] Lecture [ ] Information sheet [ ] neighbourhood meeting [ ] Seminar [ ] Others ________________
(28) What is the impact of using wood from the Sungai Putri peat swamp forest? (there can be more than one answer)
[ ] Intrusion of sea water [ ] Aridity [ ] Extinction of wildlife [ ] Community’s supply of wood guaranteed
[ ] None
[ ] Others ________________
(29) Have you ever heard about agroforestry plantations? [ ] Yes [ ] No
(30) If ‘yes’, how did you hear about them? ________________
(31) If ‘yes’, what do you know about them? ________________
(32) Have you ever heard of Credit Unions? [ ] Yes [ ] No
(33) If ‘yes’, how did you hear about them? ________________
(34) What do you know about Credit Unions? ________________
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(35) If you became a member of a Credit Union and were able to borrow money from it, what would you do with the capital:
[ ] I am not willing to become a member of a Credit Union
[ ] Use it to buy things I need for my house
[ ] Use it to develop a farming business
[ ] Use it to develop a livestock business
[ ] Use it as capital for trade
[ ] Others ________________
Part 6 Questions On Attitudes for Objective Measurement
(36) For you, conserving the peat swamp forest:
[ ] Is a waste of time
[ ] means the local community loses out
[ ] Guarantees the water supply
[ ] Helps the work of the forest police
[ ] Prevents the intrusion of salt water
[ ] Others ________________
(37) Now I am going to read out some statements. Please indicate the degree to which you agree with each one.
(A) The peat swamp forest needs to be preserved
[ ] Agree strongly [ ] Agree [ ] Disagree [ ] Don’t Know
(B) Logging in the peat swamp forest can cause salt water to intrude into the community’s farm land
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[ ] Agree strongly [ ] Agree [ ] Disagree [ ] Don’t Know
(C) Clearing forest to make new land available creates problems for the peat swamp forest
[ ] Agree strongly [ ] Agree [ ] Disagree [ ] Don’t Know
(D) The law needs to be enforced in order to reduce logging peat swamp forest
[ ] Agree strongly [ ] Agree [ ] Disagree [ ] Don’t Know
(E) Credit Unions need to be set up together as an umbrella organisation for saving money and to create joint capitalor welfare and business purposes
[ ] Agree strongly [ ] Agree [ ] Disagree [ ] Don’t Know
(F) Types of wood used for building need to be planted to guarantee their supply in the future
[ ] Agree strongly [ ] Agree [ ] Disagree [ ] Don’t Know
(38) Now I am going to read out some statements. Please indicate the degree to which you agree with each one.
(A) The support of the community when seeking help from the local government to set up farming / livestock / plantation businesses
[ ] Very beneficial [ ] Normal [ ] Not beneficial [ ] Don’t Know
(B) Setting up a Credit Union together
[ ] Very beneficial [ ] Normal [ ] Not beneficial [ ] Don’t Know
(C) Enforcing the law
[ ] Very beneficial [ ] Normal [ ] Not beneficial [ ] Don’t Know
(D) Setting up agroforestry plantations
[ ] Very beneficial [ ] Normal [ ] Not beneficial [ ] Don’t Know
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(39) Now I am going to read out some more statements. Please indicate whether you think they are ‘Easy’, ‘Neutral’, ‘Difficult’, or whether you ‘Don’t Know/Unsure’ for each one:
(A) Not clearing new land in peat swamp forest
[ ] Easy [ ] Neutral [ ] Difficult [ ] Don’t Know / Unsure
(B) Receive training in how to make written proposals to get help from the local government
[ ] Easy [ ] Neutral [ ] Difficult [ ] Don’t Know / Unsure
(C) Let other people know about the benefits of the peat swamp forest
[ ] Easy [ ] Neutral [ ] Difficult [ ] Don’t Know / Unsure
(D) Prevent others from clearning land in the peat swamp forest
[ ] Easy [ ] Neutral [ ] Difficult [ ] Don’t Know / Unsure
(E) Agree with others to set up a Credit Union
[ ] Easy [ ] Neutral [ ] Difficult [ ] Don’t Know / Unsure
(F) Set up a agroforestry plantation on land you own
[ ] Easy [ ] Neutral [ ] Difficult [ ] Don’t Know / Unsure
Part 7. Questions On Interpersonal Comminucation
(40) In the last month, have you discussed the peat swamp forest with other people? (If ‘no’, skip the next question)
[ ] Yes [ ] No
(A) If ‘yes’, with whom did you discuss this matter? (there can be more than one answer)
[ ] Head of Neighbourhood Sub‐Division [ ] Head of Neighbourhood [ ] Village Chief [ ] Public Figure [ ] Local elders
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[ ] Family [ ] Other community members [ ] Others ________________
(B) What did you discuss? ________________
(41) Dalam the last month, have you discussed with anyone the utilization of wood in the Sungai Putri peat swamp forest?
[ ] Yes [ ] No
(A) If ‘yes’, with whom did you discuss it? (there can be more than one answer)
[ ] Head of Neighbourhood Sub‐Division [ ] Head of Neighbourhood [ ] Village Chief [ ] Public Figure [ ] Local elders [ ] Family
[ ] Other Public Figures [ ] Others ________________
(B) What did you discuss? ________________
(42) In the last month, have you discussed a Credit Union with other people? (If ‘no’, skip the next question)
[ ] Yes [ ] No
(A) If ‘yes’, with whom did you discuss it? (there can be more than one answer)
[ ] Head of Neighbourhood Sub‐Division [ ] Head of Neighbourhood [ ] Village Chief [ ] Public Figure [ ] Local elders
[ ] Family [ ] Other community members [ ] Others ________________
(B) What did you discuss? ________________
(43) the last month, have you discussed a Credit Union with other people? (If ‘no’, go on to Part 8)
[ ] Yes [ ] No
(A) If ‘yes’, with whom did you discuss it? (there can be more than one answer)
[ ] Head of Neighbourhood Sub‐Division [ ] Head of Neighbourhood [ ] Village Chief [ ] Public Figure [ ] Local elders [ ] Family [ ] Other community members [ ] Others ________________
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(B) What did you discuss? ________________
Part 8. Set Baseline for Change for the SMART objectives for Behaviour and their Measurement
(44) What would you do if you saw the wood in the Sentap Kancang peat swamp forest being exploited?
[ ] Reprimand those doing it [ ] Report it to village officials [ ] Report it to the police
[ ] Say nothing [ ] Others ________________
(45) What would you do if you knew about the benefits of the Sungai Putri peat swamp forest?
[ ] Be interested in joining in with the conservation
[ ] Not interested
[ ] Encourage people around me to join the conservation efforts
[ ] I’d be willing to reprimand people who were danaging the peat swamp forest
[ ] I don’t know about the benefits of the peat swamp forest
[ ] Others ________________
(46) If you had knowledge about Credit Unions, what would you do?
[ ] At this time I do not yet know about Credit Unions
[ ] I would try to share this information with other people
[ ] Invite other people around me to set up a Credit Union together
[ ] Others ________________
(47) If you knew the benefits of agroforestry plantations, what would you do?
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[ ] Try to set up a agroforestry plantation on land that I own
[ ] Tell others about the benefits of agroforestry plantations
[ ] Do nothing
[ ] Encourage others to set up agroforestry plantations
[ ] Others ________________
Part 9 Understanding the Obstacles to Change and Benefits
(48) Mention two things that, according to you, are obstacles to the conservation of the Sungai Putri peat swamp forest? ________________
(49) Mention two things that, according to you, can conserve the peat swamp forest _______________
(50) Mention two things that, according to you, are obstacles to setting up a Credit Union in your village ________________
(51) Mention two benefits that, according to you, Credit Unions offer ________________
(52) If in 6 months there were to be a Credit Union in your village helping to make it easier for the community to manage its finances and obtain business capital, would you be willing to get involved?
[ ] Yes [ ] No
(A) If ‘yes’, what role would you take? [ ] Supervisors [ ] Organisers [ ] Members [ ] Others ________________
(53) Mention two things that, according to you, are obstacles to the community setting up agroforestry plantations? ________________
(54) Mention two benefits, according to you, of agroforestry plantations. ________________
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Part 10 Exposure to Campaign Media and Activities
(55) Below are the campaign media, communication tools and activities relating to the protection of the Sungai Putri forest. In the last six months, have you ever heard about, received or been involved in any of these campaign activities?
(A) Religious Meeting [ ] Yes [ ] No [ ] Not sure
(B) Information sheet [ ] Yes [ ] No [ ] Not sure
(C) Radio program [ ] Yes [ ] No [ ] Not sure
(D) Group discussion [ ] Yes [ ] No [ ] Not sure
(E) Seminar [ ] Yes [ ] No [ ] Not sure
(56) Which of the following Campaign media, communication tools and activities did you like the most:
[ ] Poster [ ] Information sheet [ ] Radio program [ ] Group discussion [ ] Film screening
(57) What flora or fauna most reminds you of the Sungai Putri peat swamp forest? (2 answers) ________________
That is the end of this opinion survey on the Sungai Putri peat swamp forest. Thank you for your participation and for the information that you have provided.
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Post‐Campaign Survey Questionnaire
OPINION SURVEY ON SENTAP KANCANG PEAT SWAMP FOREST
Introduction
Assalamu'alaikum/ Good Morning / Afternoon / Evening, may name is ....................................... and I am helping to gather data on reactions to the Pride Campaign activities in the Sentap Kancang peat swamp forest. We would very much appreciate your participation in this survey by answering a few questions. Whatever information you give us will be handled in the strictest confidence. Neither your name nor your answers will be shown to any other person except for those working on this survey. Your responses will help us to look at the effectiveness of our program.
Your participation in this survey is voluntary. You can opt to not answer questions that are asked. There are no right and wrong answers. Indeed your opinions are very important to us and we hope that you can work together with us on this. May I start the interview now?
Does the respondent agree to be interviwed? (If ‘no’, the interview ends) [ ] Yes
Questionnaire Number:
________________
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Part 1. Background Information (completed by the person conducting the survey)
Target Village Surveyed
[ ] Tempurukan [ ] Sei Putri [ ] Tanjung Baik Budi [ ] Kuala Satong
Interviewer/Surveyor:
[ ] _________
Period of Survey
[ ] Baseline ‐ Campaign Area [ ] Baseline ‐ Comparison [ ] Post‐ Campaign ‐ Campaign Area [ ] Post‐ Campaign ‐ Comparison
Respondent’s gender
[ ] Male [ ] Female
Part 2. Social‐Economic and Demographic Questions
(1) How old are you?
(2) What is your level of education?
[ ] Elementary School [ ] Junior High School [ ] Senior High School [ ] Higher/Tertiary Education [ ] Did not graduate Elementary School [ ] No formal schooling
[ ] Others ________________
(3) What is your job? (can be more than one)
[ ] Civil Servant/Military [ ] Farmer [ ] Trader [ ] Fisher [ ] Skilled Worker [ ] Woodworker
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[ ] Others ________________
(4) If you are a farmer, what farming are you engaged in?
[ ] A landowning farmer
[ ] A farmer who clears forest land
[ ] Farmer who works on someone else’s land
(5) Do you own farmland? [ ] Yes [ ] No
(A) How much land do you own? ? (in hectares)
________________
(6) Do you own rice fields? [ ] Yes [ ] No
(A) How much do you own?
________________
(7) Do you own a fruit orchard? (including coconuts) [ ] Yes [ ] No
(A) How big is it? ? (in hectares)
________________
(8) Do you own a rubber plantation? [ ] Yes [ ] No
(A) How big is it? ? (in hectares)
________________
(9) Do you own a mixed plantation? [ ] Yes [ ] No
(A) How big is it? (in hectares)
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Part 3. Placing Respondents in terms of Behaviour Change Stages
(10) When do you usually use wood from the peat swamp forest? (there can be more than one anwser)
[ ] During certain seasons [ ] When there is an order [ ] All Year [ ] Never [ ] Others ________________
(11) If you answered "During certain seasons", what season are you referring to? ________________
(12) I am going to read six statements about the utilization of wood from the peat swamp forest. Choose the statement that is closest to your opinion:
[ ] During the last month, I haven’t thought about stopping my use of wood from the peat swamp forest
[ ] During the last month, I have thought about stopping my use of wood from the peat swamp forest, but I haven’t done so yet
[ ] During the last month, I have thought about stopping my use of wood from the peat swamp forest and I intend to do so in the future
[ ] During the last month, I have thought about stopping my use of wood from the peat swamp forest and I intend to do so in the future. I have also spoken to other people about this.
[ ] In the last month, I have already reduced my use of wood from the peat swamp forest .
[ ] In the last month, I have stopped using of wood from the peat swamp forest.
(13) On average how many cubic metres of timber do you remove each time you go into the forest? ________________
(14) How often do you clear land the peat swamp forest for cultivation/plantation?
[ ] Once a year [ ] Once every 2 years [ ] Once every 3 years [ ] Once every 4 years [ ] Once every 5 years [ ] less than once every 5 years [ ] Other ________________
(15) What area of land do you clear each time? (in hectares) ________________
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(16) I am going to read six statements about clearing land the peat swamp forest for cultivation/plantation. Choose the statement that is closest to your opinion:
[ ] During the last month, I haven’t thought about not clearing land for cultivation in the peat swamp forest
[ ] During the last month, I have thought about not clearing land for cultivation in the peat swamp forest, but I haven’t done so yet
[ ] During the last month, I have thought about stopping clearing land for cultivation in the peat swamp forest and I intend to do so in the future
[ ] During the last month, I have thought about stopping clearing land for cultivation in the peat swamp forest and I intend to do so in the future. I have also spoken to other people about this.
[ ] In the last month, I have already reduced my clearing land for cultivation in the peat swamp forest .
[ ] In the last month, I have stopped clearing land for cultivation in the peat swamp forest.
(17) I am going to read six statements about developing an umbrella organisation for saving money to create capital together. Choose the statement that is closest to your opinion:
[ ] During the last month, I haven’t thought about developing an umbrella organisation for saving money to create capital together
[ ] During the last month, I have thought about developing an umbrella organisation for saving money to create capital together, but I haven’t done so yet
[ ] During the last month, I have thought about developing an umbrella organisation for saving money to create capital together and I intend to do so in the future
[ ] During the last month, I have thought about developing an umbrella organisation for saving money to create capital together and I intend to do so in the future. I have also spoken to other people about this.
[ ] During the last month, I have already started developing an umbrella organisation for saving money to create capital together.
[ ] During the last month, I have already developed an umbrella organisation for saving money to create capital together.
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Part 4 Set Baseline for Change for the SMART objectives for Knowledge and their Measurement
(18) For you, looking after the forest is:
[ ] A collective responsibility [ ] The responsibility of forestry workers [ ] The responsibility of the police force
[ ] Not your responsibility [ ] Other answer ________________
(19) What do you know to be the functions of a peat swamp forest? (there can be more than one answer)
[ ] Water storage [ ] Carbon storage [ ] A habitat for orangutans and other wildlife
[ ] A source of timber [ ] A barrier to salt water [ ] A source of cash [ ] Others ________________
(20) How did you find out about this? (there can be more than one answer)
[ ] Lecture [ ] Information sheet [ ] neighbourhood meeting [ ] Seminar [ ] Others ________________
(21) What is the impact of using wood from the peat swamp forest? (there can be more than one answer)
[ ] Intrusion of sea water [ ] Aridity [ ] Extinction of wildlife [ ] Community’s supply of wood guaranteed
[ ] None [ ] Others ________________
(22) Have you ever heard of Credit Unions? [ ] Yes [ ] No
(23) If ‘yes’, how did you hear about them? ________________
(24) What do you know about Credit Unions? ________________
(25) If you became a member of a Credit Union and were able to borrow money from it, what would you do with the capital:
[ ] I am not willing to become a member of a Credit Union
[ ] Use it to buy things I need for my house
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[ ] Use it to develop a farming business
[ ] Use it to develop a livestock business
[ ] Use it as capital for trade
[ ] Others ________________
Part 5 Questions On Attitudes for Objective Measurement
(26) For you, conserving the peat swamp forest:
[ ] Is a waste of time [ ] means the local community loses out [ ] Guarantees the water supply [ ] Helps the work of the forest police [ ] Prevents the intrusion of salt water
[ ] Others ________________
(27) Now I am going to read out some statements. Please indicate the degree to which you agree with each one.
(A) The Sentap Kancang peat swamp forest needs to be preserved
[ ] Agree strongly [ ] Agree [ ] Disagree [ ] Don’t Know
(B) Logging in the Sentap Kancang peat swamp forest can cause salt water to intrude into the community’s farm land
[ ] Agree strongly [ ] Agree [ ] Disagree [ ] Don’t Know
(C) Clearing forest to make new land available creates problems for the peat swamp forest
[ ] Agree strongly [ ] Agree [ ] Disagree [ ] Don’t Know
(D) The law needs to be enforced in order to reduce logging peat swamp forest
[ ] Agree strongly [ ] Agree [ ] Disagree [ ] Don’t Know
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(E) Credit Unions need to be set up together as an umbrella organisation for saving money and to create joint capitalor welfare and business purposes
[ ] Agree strongly [ ] Agree [ ] Disagree [ ] Don’t Know
(F) Types of wood used for building need to be planted to guarantee their supply in the future
[ ] Agree strongly [ ] Agree [ ] Disagree [ ] Don’t Know
(28) Now I am going to read out some statements. Please indicate the degree to which you think each one is beneficial.
(A) The support of the community when seeking help from the local government to set up farming / livestock / plantation businesses
[ ] Very beneficial [ ] Normal [ ] Not beneficial [ ] Don’t Know
(B) Setting up a Credit Union together
[ ] Very beneficial [ ] Normal [ ] Not beneficial [ ] Don’t Know
(C) Enforcing the law
[ ] Very beneficial [ ] Normal [ ] Not beneficial [ ] Don’t Know
(D) Setting up agroforestry plantations
[ ] Very beneficial [ ] Normal [ ] Not beneficial [ ] Don’t Know
(29) Now I am going to read out some more statements. Please indicate whether you think they are ‘Easy’, ‘Neutral’, ‘Difficult’, or whether you ‘Don’t Know/Unsure’ for each one:
(A) Not clearing new land in peat swamp forest
[ ] Easy [ ] Neutral [ ] Difficult [ ] Don’t Know / Unsure
(B) Receive training in how to make written proposals to get help from the local government
[ ] Easy [ ] Neutral [ ] Difficult [ ] Don’t Know / Unsure
(C) Let other people know about the benefits of the peat swamp forest
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[ ] Easy [ ] Neutral [ ] Difficult [ ] Don’t Know / Unsure
(D) Prevent others from clearning land in the peat swamp forest
[ ] Easy [ ] Neutral [ ] Difficult [ ] Don’t Know / Unsure
(E) Agree with others to set up a Credit Union
[ ] Easy [ ] Neutral [ ] Difficult [ ] Don’t Know / Unsure
(F) Set up a agroforestry plantation on land you own
[ ] Easy [ ] Neutral [ ] Difficult [ ] Don’t Know / Unsure
Part 6. Questions On Interpersonal Communication
(30) In the last month, have you discussed the peat swamp forest with other people? (If ‘no’, skip the next question)
[ ] Yes [ ] No
(A) If ‘yes’, with whom did you discuss this matter? (there can be more than one answer)
[ ] Head of Neighbourhood Sub‐Division [ ] Head of Neighbourhood [ ] Village Chief [ ] Public Figure [ ] Local elders
[ ] Family [ ] Other community members [ ] Others ________________
(B) What did you discuss? ________________
(31) Dalam the last month, have you discussed with anyone the utilization of wood in the Sentap Kancang peat swamp forest?
[ ] Yes [ ] No
(A) If ‘yes’, with whom did you discuss it? (there can be more than one answer)
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[ ] Head of Neighbourhood Sub‐Division [ ] Head of Neighbourhood [ ] Village Chief [ ] Public Figure [ ] Local elders [ ] Family
[ ] Other Public Figures [ ] Others ________________
(B) What did you discuss? ________________
(32) In the last month, have you discussed a Credit Union with other people? (If ‘no’, skip the next question)
[ ] Yes [ ] No
(A) If ‘yes’, with whom did you discuss it? (there can be more than one answer)
[ ] Head of Neighbourhood Sub‐Division [ ] Head of Neighbourhood [ ] Village Chief [ ] Public Figure [ ] Local elders [ ] Family [ ] Other community members [ ] Others ________________
(B) What did you discuss? ________________
(33) the last month, have you discussed a Credit Union with other people? (If ‘no’, go on to Part 8)
[ ] Yes [ ] No
(A) If ‘yes’, with whom did you discuss it? (there can be more than one answer)
[ ] Head of Neighbourhood Sub‐Division [ ] Head of Neighbourhood [ ] Village Chief [ ] Public Figure [ ] Local elders [ ] Family [ ] Other community members [ ] Others ________________
(B) What did you discuss? ________________
Part 7. Set Baseline for Change for the SMART objectives for Behaviour and their measurement
(34) What would you do if you saw the wood in the Sentap Kancang peat swamp forest being exploited?
[ ] Reprimand those doing it [ ] Report it to village officials [ ] Report it to the police
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[ ] Say nothing [ ] Others ________________
(35) What would you do if you knew about the benefits of the Sentap Kancang peat swamp forest?
[ ] Be interested in joining in with the conservation
[ ] Not interested
[ ] Encourage people around me to join the conservation efforts
[ ] Be willing to reprimand people who were danaging the peat swamp forest
[ ] I don’t know about the benefits of the peat swamp forest
[ ] Others ________________
(36) If you had knowledge about Credit Unions, what would you do?
[ ] At this time I do not yet know about Credit Unions
[ ] I would try to share this information with other people
[ ] Invite other people around me to set up a Credit Union together
[ ] Others ________________
Part 8 Understanding the Obstacles to Change and Benefits
(37) Mention 2 things that, according to you, are obstacles to the conservation of the Sentap Kancang peat swamp forest? ________________
(38) Mention 2 things that, according to you, can conserve the peat swamp forest _______________
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(39) Mention 2 things that, according to you, are obstacles to setting up a Credit Union in your village ________________
(40) Mention 2 benefits that, according to you, Credit Unions offer ________________
(41) If in six months there were to be a Credit Union in your village helping to make it easier for the community to manage its finances and obtain business capital, would you be willing to get involved?
[ ] Yes [ ] No
(A) If ‘yes’, what role would you take? [ ] Supervisors [ ] Organisers [ ] Members [ ] Others ________________
Part 9 Exposure to Campaign Media and Activities
(42) Have you ever received a brochure called "Mengapa Harus Melestarikan Hutan"? (Why Should We Conserve The Forest?)
[ ] Yes [ ] No
(43) What knowledge did you gain from the brochure?
[ ] Forests have a climate mitigation function
[ ] Forests produce oxygen
[ ] Forests prevent flooding
[ ] Forests cause infestations of pigs and rats
[ ] Forests are a source of medicines
[ ] Forests are a source of malaria
[ ] Others ________________
(44) Have you ever received a brochure called "Hutan dan Perubahan Iklim"? (Forests and Climate Change)
[ ] Yes [ ] No
(45) What knowledge did you gain from the brochure?
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[ ] Reducing the forests causes temperatures to rise
[ ] Peat swamp forest stores the most carbon
[ ] Climate change is one of the causes of floods
[ ] The Earth is getting hotter because the world is going to end in doomsday soon
[ ] Rising sea water temperatures are a result of climate change
[ ] Protecting the forest can prevent climate chage
[ ] Others ________________
(46) Have you ever received a brochure about "REDD"? [ ] Yes [ ] No
(47) What knowledge did you gain from the brochure?
[ ] REDD is one of several efforts to protect the forest
[ ] Through the REDD program, the community will receive reward for looking after the forest
[ ] If the REDD program is implemented, the community will no longer be able to take rattan from the forest
[ ] For this reward to be realized, logging in the forest must be stopped
[ ] Only the community has the job of protecting the forest in the REDD program
[ ] REDD could become a a source of income for the community in the long term
[ ] Others ________________
(48) How many times did you attend a discussion hosted by Titian and FFI?
[ ] Once [ ] Twice [ ] Three times [ ] More than three times [ ] Never
(49) What are your reactions to these discussions? ________________
(50) Have you ever listened to the radio program "Obsesi" broadcast every Tuesday on Gema Solidaritas FM radio?
[ ] Yes [ ] No
(51) Have you received the CD film on the potential of woven products and coconuts [ ] Yes [ ] No
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(52) What knowledge did you gain from the film?
[ ] Wood is not the only product we can extract from the forest
[ ] Coconut shells can be used as a kind of burnable fuel
[ ] Only wood can provide an income for the community
[ ] Coconut milk can be used to make coconut oil
[ ] Others ________________
(53) Which of the following Campaign media, communication tools and activities did you like the most:
[ ] Brochure on the Benefits of the Forest
[ ] Brochure on the Forest and Climate Change
[ ] REDD brochure
[ ] Neighbourhood Meeting on REDD and Climate Change
[ ] Neighbourhood Meeting on Credit Unions
[ ] CD film on the potential of woven products and coconuts
[ ] Radio broadcast
[ ] Community Service Announcemnets
[ ] Screening of film
That is the end of this opinion survey on the Sentap Kancang peat swamp forest. Thank you for your participation and for the information that you have provided.
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Full Results of the Pre‐ and Post Campaign Surveys
Table 26. Respondents’ Demography
Pre‐Campaign Post‐Campaign Variable Choice of Answers Farmers
(N=265) Farmers (N=220)
Result X2
Target Village Tanjung Baik Budi 29.40% 32.30% Kuala Tolak 29.80% 31.80% Sei Putri 21.50% 20.00% Tempurukan 19.20% 15.90%
X2 < 95% NS
Gender Male 94.30% 86.70% Female 5.70% 13.30%
X2 > 95% S
Formal Education Elementary School 38.30% 50.00% Did not graduate Elementary School 26.50% 16.70% Junior High School 17.00% 22.20% Senior High School 13.30% 8.30% No formal schooling 3.80% 1.90% Higher/Tertiary Education 1.10% 0.00% Other 0.00% 0.90%
X2 < 95% NS
Category of Farmer Farmer who owns land 87.00% 79.60% Farmer working on other person’s land 11.10% 19.40% Farmer who clears forest land 1.90% 0.90%
X2 < 95% NS
Landowner Yes 53.40% 68.20% X2 > 95% S
No 46.60% 31.80%
Own rice field Yes 54.00% 94.80% X2 > 95% S
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No 46.00% 5.20%
Own orchard Yes 65.30% 47.50% X2 > 95% S
No 34.70% 52.50%
Own rubber plantation Yes 61.10% 56.00% X2 < 95% NS
No 38.90% 44.00%
Own mixed plantation Yes 73.60% 79.70% X2 < 95% NS
No 26.40% 20.30%
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Table 27. Reliable Sources of Information
Pre‐Campaign Post‐Campaign Variable Choice of Answers
Farmers (N=265) Farmers (N=220) Result X2
Village Head Believable 70.90% NA Don’t Know 14.90% NA Quite Believable 12.30% NA Not Believable 1.90% NA
X2 < 95% NS
BPD Believable 55.40% NA Don’t Know 17.60% NA Quite Believable 16.20% NA Not Believable 10.80% NA
X2 < 95% NS
Head of neighbourhood Believable 70.30% NA Don’t Know 15.30% NA Quite Believable 11.70% NA Not Believable 2.70% NA
X2 < 95% NS
Believable 77.60% NA Head of neighbourhood sub‐division Don’t Know 11.00% NA Quite Believable 9.60% NA Not Believable 1.80% NA
X2 < 95% NS
Public figure Believable 66.40% NA Don’t Know 19.90% NA Quite Believable 11.40% NA Not Believable 2.40% NA
X2 < 95% NS
Islamic teacher Believable 66.10% NA Don’t Know 21.40% NA
X2 < 95% NS
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Quite Believable 10.10% NA Not Believable 2.40% NA Local medicine man Believable 49.00% NA Don’t Know 31.70% NA Quite Believable 10.10% NA Not Believable 9.10% NA
X2 < 95% NS
Village elders Believable 52.60% NA Don’t Know 34.00% NA Quite Believable 9.00% NA Not Believable 4.50% NA
X2 < 95% NS
Believable 59.20% NA Don’t Know 18.00% NA Quite Believable 17.50% NA
Other members of the community
Not Believable 5.20% NA
X2 < 95% NS
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Table 28. Acces/Exposure to Media
Pre‐Campaign Post‐
Campaign Variable Choice of Answers
Farmers (N=265)
Farmers (N=220)
Result X2
Television 93.60% NA Radio 25.70% NA Newspaper 10.90% NA Noticeboard 1.90% NA Interpersonal Communication 0.80% NA
Most Informative Media Source
Other 0.40% NA
X2 > 95% S
RSPDK Ketapang 91.80% NA RRI Pontianak 11.00% NA Vinka FM 6.80% NA Delta FM 6.80% NA Radio TPI 5.50% NA
Most listened to radio station
RRI Jakarta 2.70% NA
X2 < 95% NS
News 77.00% NA Music 17.60% NA Talk 10.80% NA
Radio program type most enjoyed
Other 1.40% NA
X2 < 95% NS
Pontianak Post 88.60% NA Equator 28.60% NA Tribun Pontianak 14.30% NA Majalah Bola 0.00% NA
Most often read newspaper
Berita Khatulistiwa 0.00% NA
X2 > 95% S
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Kompas 0.00% NA
News 64.10% NA Crime News 35.90% NA Sports 23.10% NA Entertainment 0.00% NA Science 0.00% NA
Most often read section
Other 2.60% NA
X2 > 95% S
Village Meeting 43.70% NA Weekly Religious Meeting 35.70% NA Don’t Know 16.00% NA None 1.90% NA Women’s Group 1.10% NA Community Project 0.80% NA Selamatan 0.00% NA Interpersonal Communication 0.00% NA
Medium of communication most often used
Other 0.80% NA
X2 < 95% NS
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Table 4. Questions for Placing Respondents in the right Stage of Attitude Change
Pre‐Campaign Post‐Campaign Variable Choice of Answers
Farmers (N=265)
Farmers (N=220)
Percentage (PP) Result X2
In the last one month I have not used wood from the peat swamp forest 35.80% 36.20% 0.004
In the last one month I have not thought to stop using wood from the peat swamp forest
11.20% 20.70% 0.095
In the last one month I have thought to stop using wood from the peat swamp forest but haven’t stopped doing it. 14.50% 14.40% ‐0.10
In the last one month I have thought to stop using wood from the peat swamp forest and intend to do that in the future 20.70% 7.50% ‐13.20
Using wood from Sentap Kancang forest
In the last one month I have reduced my activity of using wood from the peat swamp forest.
10.10% 9.80% ‐0.30
X2 < 95% NS
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In the last one month I have thought to stop using wood from the peat swamp forest and intend to do that in the future. I have talked about this to some people. 7.80% 11.50% 3.70
For the last year I have not done any land clearing in the peat swamp forest. 41.20% 35.00% ‐6.20
For the last year I have considered not to do any more land clearing for farming in the peat swamp forest but I still did. 15.60% 22.00% 6.40
For the last year I have considered not to do any more land clearing for farming in the peat swamp forest and I am going to stop doing it in the future .
18.10% 11.30% ‐6.80
For the last year I have not considered not to do any more land clearing for farming in the peat swamp forest. 11.10% 10.70% ‐0.40
For the last year I have considered not to do any more land clearing for farming in the peat swamp forest and I will stop doing it in the future. I have talked about this to some people.
9.00% 10.70% 0.017
Land clearing for farming
For the last year I have done lesss land clearing for farming in the peat swamp forest.
5.00% 10.20% 0.052
X2 < 95% NS
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This last one month I have never thought about developing a forum for saving money and creating a joint capital . 51.10% 36.40% ‐14.70
This last one month I have thought about developing a forum for saving money and creating joint capital but haven’t done anything about it yet.
22.70% 26.70% 4.00
This last one month I have thought about developing a forum for saving money and creating joint capital and intend to do it in the future. I have talked to some people about it as well.
14.00% 15.50% 1.50
This last one month I have thought about developing a forum for saving money and creating joint capital and intend to do it in the future.
10.20% 15.50% 5.30
This last one month I have started developing a forum for saving money and creating joint capital.
0.80% 3.70% 2.90
Development of a forum for saving money and creating joint capital
This last one month I have started a forum for saving money and creating joint capital 1.10% 2.10% 1.00
X2 < 95% NS
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Table 29. Questions On Knowledge
Pre‐Campaign Post‐Campaign Variable Choice of Answers
Farmers (N=265) Farmers (N=220) Percentage (PP) Result X2
Everyone’s responsibility 89.80% 94.90% 5.1The responsibility of forest rangers’ 5.70% 4.60% ‐1.1Not my responsibility 3.80% 0.00% ‐3.8Do not know 0.40% 0.50% 0.1
Taking care of the forest is:
Others 0.40% 0.00% ‐0.4
X2 < 95% NS
Habitat for orangutan and other wildlife 63.80% 64.70% 0.9Water storage 60.80% 56.30% ‐4.5Source of wood/lumber 25.30% 32.60% 7.3Brackish water buffer 14.00% 31.20% 17.2Carbon depositor 12.50% 28.40% 15.9Do not know 5.30% 0.00% ‐5.3Hard cash source 1.90% 0.90% ‐1
Functions of peat swamp forest
Others 0.40% 0.50% 0.1
X2 > 95% S
Extinction of wildlife 53.20% 57.70% 4.5Sea water inflow 23.60% 48.40% 24.8Drought 27.80% 38.50% 10.7Needs for lumber/wood is met 4.60% 18.30% 13.7Do not know 10.30% 0.00% ‐10.3None 2.70% 0.50% ‐2.2Flood 0.00% 0.90% 0.9Fire 0.40% 0.50% 0.1
Effect of Deforestation of the Sungai Putri forest
Others 0.40% 1.40% 1
X2 > 95% S
Guarantee water supply 53.40% 48.10% ‐5.3Conservation of peat swamp Forests: Keeping brackish water out 29.90% 49.10% 19.2
X2 > 95% S
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Helping the forest police 11.00% 6.50% ‐4.5Harming the communities around the forest 5.30% 0.50% ‐4.8Do not know 3.80% 0.90% ‐2.9Waste of time 2.70% 0.90% ‐1.8Guarantee availability of wood/lumber for the community
0.40% 1.40% 1
Keeping environmental services for the communities around the forest
0.40% 0.90% 0.5
Maintaining wildlife 0.00% 0.90% 0.9Keeping the air fresh 0.40% 0.00% ‐0.4Source of income 0.40% 0.00% ‐0.4Preventing floods 0.00% 0.00% 0Others 1.50% 0.00% ‐1.5
Yes 18.10% 49.30% 31.2Have heard of CU
No 81.90% 50.70% ‐31.2X2 > 95% S
A forum for savings and borrowing 80.00% 98.10% 18.1Do not understand yet 15.60% 0.00% ‐15.6May increase welfare 4.40% 0.90% ‐3.5CU teaches us how to manage money 0.00% 0.90% 0.9Business development 0.00% 0.90% 0.9Low interest credit 0.00% 0.00% 0
Knowledge about CU
Empowers people 0.00% 0.00% 0
X2 < 95% NS
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Table 30. Questions On Attitude
Pre‐Campaign Post‐Campaign Variable Choice of Answers
Farmers (N=265) Farmers (N=220) Percentage
(PP) Result X2
Strongly agree 47.90% 48.40% 0.5
Agree 43.40% 47.00% 3.6
Disagree 3.00% 0.90% ‐2.1Sentap Kancang peat swamp forest needs to be preserved
Don’t know 5.70% 3.70% ‐2
X2 < 95% NS
Strongly agree 18.90% 29.40% 10.5
Agree 30.60% 37.20% 6.6
Disagree 32.10% 24.80% ‐7.3
Logging in Sentap Kancang peat swamp forest may cause sea water to intrude into farming areas Don’t know 18.50% 8.70% ‐9.8
X2 > 95% S
Strongly agree 12.10% 23.80% 11.7
Agree 37.40% 25.70% ‐11.7
Disagree 18.90% 37.10% 18.2
Clearing for new farming area is a problem for Sentap Kancang peat swamp forest
Don’t know 31.70% 13.30% ‐18.4
X2 > 95% S
Strongly agree 30.60% 47.00% 16.4
Agree 45.30% 41.90% ‐3.4
Disagree 6.00% 5.60% ‐0.4
Law enforcement is necessary to reduce logging in Sentap Kancang peat swamp forest
Don’t know 18.10% 5.60% ‐12.5
X2 > 95% S
Easy 10.20% 10.70% 0.5
Neutral 37.50% 32.10% ‐5.4
Difficult 35.60% 37.70% 2.1
Refraining from clearing Sentap Kancang peat swamp forest
Don’t know/Unsure 16.70% 19.50% 2.8
X2 < 95% NS
Easy 10.20% 10.70% 0.5
Neutral 37.50% 32.10% ‐5.4Refraining from clearing Sentap Kancang peat swamp forest Difficult 35.60% 37.70% 2.1
X2 < 95% NS
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Don’t know/Unsure 16.70% 19.50% 2.8
Easy 29.20% 35.80% 6.6
Neutral 11.40% 13.50% 2.1
Difficult 48.90% 42.30% ‐6.6
Telling other people about the benefits of Sentap Kancang peat swamp forest
Don’t know/Unsure 10.60% 8.40% ‐2.2
X2 < 95% NS
Easy 10.20% 10.70% 0.5
Neutral 37.50% 32.10% ‐5.4
Difficult 35.60% 37.70% 2.1
Refraining from clearing Sentap Kancang peat swamp forest
Don’t know/Unsure 16.70% 19.50% 2.8
X2 < 95% NS
Easy 29.20% 35.80% 6.6
Neutral 11.40% 13.50% 2.1
Difficult 48.90% 42.30% ‐6.6
Telling other people about the benefits of Sentap Kancang peat swamp forest
Don’t know/Unsure 10.60% 8.40% ‐2.2
X2 < 95% NS
Easy 2.70% 2.30% ‐0.4
Neutral 6.80% 12.80% 6
Difficult 79.20% 80.70% 1.5
Keeping other people from land clearing in Sentap Kancang peat swamp forest
Don’t know/Unsure 11.40% 4.10% ‐7.3
X2 < 95% NS
Easy 18.20% 13.40% ‐4.8
Neutral 22.70% 38.20% 15.5
Difficult 13.60% 14.70% 1.1Agreeing to develop Credit Union
Don’t know/Unsure 45.50% 33.60% ‐11.9
X2 > 95% S
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Table 31. Questions On Interpersonal Communication and Personal Effectiveness
Pre‐Campaign Post‐Campaign Variable
Choice of Answers Farmers (N=265) Farmers (N=220)
Percentage (PP) Result X2
Yes 20.50% 38.10% 17.6 No 79.50% 61.90% ‐17.6
In the last one month, have you talked about the Sentap Kancang peat swamp forest with other people?
X2 > 95% S
Yes 22.60% 50.20% 27.6 No 77.40% 49.80% ‐27.6
In the last one month, have you talked about how to make use of the wood/lumber from Sentap Kancang peat swamp forest with other people?
X2 > 95% S
Yes 4.20% 34.00% 29.8
In the last one month, have you talked to other people about Credit Union?
No 95.80% 66.00% ‐29.8
X2 > 95% S
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Table 32. Questions On Behaviour
Pre‐Campaign Post‐Campaign Variable Choice of Answers Farmers
(N=265) Farmers (N=220)
Percentage (PP) Result X2
Say nothing 59.60% 56.40% ‐3.2Reprimand those doing it 24.90% 33.60% 8.7Report it to village officials 10.60% 8.50% ‐2.1Don’t know 4.20% 0.50% ‐3.7Report it to the police 0.40% 0.90% 0.5Report it to the forestpolice 0.40% 0.00% ‐0.4Discuss it with those doing it 0.00% 0.00% 0It’s normal 0.00% 0.00% 0Want to reprimand them but not brave enough 0.00% 0.00% 0Tell them about the forest’s potential in the future 0.00% 0.00% 0
What would you do if you saw the wood in the Sentap Kancang peat swamp forest being exploited?
Others 0.00% 0.00% 0
X2 < 95% NS
Be interested in joining in with the conservation 41.90% 71.20% 29.3Encourage people around me to join the conservation efforts 27.90% 20.80% ‐7.1I don’t know about the benefits of the peat swamp forest 15.10% 5.20% ‐9.9
What would you do if you knew about the benefits of the Sentap Kancang peat swamp forest?
I would be brave enough to reprimand people damaging the forest 5.30% 1.90% ‐3.4
X2 > 95% S
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Not interested 4.20% 0.50% ‐3.7Don’t know 3.80% 0.00% ‐3.8It’s just normal 1.10% 0.00% ‐1.1There aren’t any 0.40% 0.00% ‐0.4I’ll protect the forest if I’m paid to 0.00% 0.00% 0Cultivate the peatland 0.00% 0.00% 0I don’t know about the benefits of the peat swamp forest right now 0.00% 0.00% 0Others 0.40% 0.50% 0.1At this time I do not yet know about Credit Unions 63.80% 39.70% ‐24.1I would try to share this information with other people
12.80% 37.30% 24.5Invite other people around me to set up a Credit Union together
18.10% 21.10% 3Don’t know 4.50% 0.50% ‐4Borrow capital 0.00% 1.00% 1Become a member 0.40% 0.00% ‐0.4It’s just normal 0.00% 0.00% 0Borrow cash 0.00% 0.00% 0Don’t care 0.00% 0.00% 0
If you had knowledge about Credit Unions, what would you do?
Others 0.40% 0.50% 0.1
X2 > 95% S
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Table 33. Obstacles To Changing Behaviour
Pre‐Campaign Post‐Campaign Variable Choice of Answers
Farmers (N=265) Farmers (N=220) Percentage (PP)
Don’t know 38.90% 28.60%There is no alternative work 9.10% 33.60%Fires every dry season 17.70% 8.20%Illegal logging activities 9.10% 11.80%Economic needs 10.20% 6.80%
Lack of information about the forest and its benefits 8.30% 8.20%Lack of community awareness 10.60% 5.00%Community’s need for lumber 6.80% 4.10%Proximity of lumber market 3.40% 6.40%
Lack of community spirit for cooperation 3.40% 2.70%Weak law enforcement 2.60% 1.40%Lack of informtion 1.50% 2.30%
Mention 2 things that, according to you, are obstacles to the conservation of the Sentap Kancang peat swamp forest
Others 2.30% 4.50%
X2 > 95% S
Don’t know 59.00% 13.20%Limited knowledge of CU
32.60% 48.70%Trust of community needs to be built up 8.00% 0.00%
Mention 2 things that, according to you, are obstacles to setting up a Credit Union in your village
Community’s low standard of living 4.60% 5.30%
X2 > 95% S
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Limited knowledge of CU and lack of agreement 0.00% 11.20%There’s no money to deposit 0.00% 10.50%Weak saving habits 0.00% 9.90%There is no strat up capital 0.00% 7.90%CU hasn’t been set up 1.90% 2.60%Community cooperation lacking 1.90% 1.30%Community not united 0.00% 3.90%Others 4.60% 25.70%
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Table 34. Exposure Campaign Activities
Pre‐Campaign Post‐Campaign Variable Choice of Answers
Farmers (N=265) Farmers (N=220) Percentage (PP)
Yes NA 87.40% Have you received the brochure ”Why Do We Have to Preserve Forest”? No NA 12.60%
X2 < 95% NS
Yes NA 85.60%
Have you received the brochure ” Forest and Climate Change”? No
NA 14.40%
X2 < 95% NS
Yes NA 84.30% Have you got the brochure about ”REDD”? No NA 15.70%
X2 < 95% NS
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PLCU POLICIES THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS’ POLICIES
PANTURA LESTARI CREDIT UNION 2010‐2011 Address : Jl. Ketapang Siduk KM 34
Desa Sei. Putri – Kecamatan Matan Hilir Utara, Kabupaten Ketapang
VISION The Capable and Trustworthy Credit Union of the North Ketapang Coastal Community
MISSION To Improve Members’ Welfare through Education, Awareness Improvement and Professional Financial Services
SLOGAN/MOTTO
”Green Be Our Forests, Glory to Our PLCU”
CHAPTER I
MEMBERSHIP
Article 1
Membership of PANTURA LESTARI Credit Union shall consist of :
1. Regular Membership 2. Minor Membership
Article 2
Regular Membership shall be open to any person seventeen (17) years of age or older or any financially independent married person who fulfills the following requirements:
1) New members must fill out and submit a Membership Application Form (Surat Permohonan Menjadi Anggota / SPMA) provided by PANTURA LESTARI Credit Union.
2) New members must submit two (2) latest passport‐sized portraits and a copy of identity card (Kartu Tanda Penduduk / KTP) or driver’s license.
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3) Members must fully participate in basic trainings organized by PANTURA LESTARI Credit Union.
4) Members must accept and comprehend the Articles of Association, Bylaws, the Board of Directors’ Policies and Decisions.
5) Members must pay the following dues:
1. Uang Pangkal 25,000 ( 1 X bayar hanya saat masuk jadi anggota)
2. Simpanan Pokok 1,000,000 Per-anggota selama menjadi anggota
3. Simpanan Wajib 5,000 per-anggota/bulan.4. BELAT Minimal 15,000 5. Iuran Gedung 50,000 1 X bayar hanya saat masuk menjadi anggota6. Bamel (Bantuan Melawat) 30,000 Per-anggota/per-tahun7. Kontribusi Pendidikan Dasar 25,000 Satu kali bayar hanya saat masuk jadi anggotaJ u m l a h 1,150,000
6) Persons applying for PANTURA LESTARI Credit Union membership by means of a savings loan for the first time must pay the Compulsory Savings, initial fee, building maintenance fee, Bamel, primary education contribution, jaspel and stamps in cash.
Article 3
1) Minor Membership shall be open to any unmarried person under seventeen (17) years of age.
2) Minor Members are required to pay the initial fee, Primary Savings, Compulsory Savings, BELAT, building maintenance fee, education contribution, and BAMEL.
3) Minor members are ineligible for loans.
CHAPTER II
EXPULSION OF MEMBERS
Article 4
The Board of Directors may expel any Member who has violated any of the Organization Regulations: the Articles of Association, Bylaws, the Board of Directors’ Policies and Decisions.
CHAPTER III
SAVINGS
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Article 5
Savings in PANTURA LESTARI Credit Union consist of:
1. Share Savings 2. Non Share Savings
Article 6
Share Savings is the membership share, which consist of the Primary Savings (Simpanan Pokok / SP) and Compulsory Savings (Simpanan Wajib / SW).
1. Primary Savings (Simpanan Pokok / SP) of Rp 1.000.000,‐ (one million Rupiahs) shall be collected from every member at the time of subscription.
2. Compulsory Savings (Simpanan Wajib / SW) of Rp 5.000,‐ (five thousand Rupiahs) shall be collected from every member monthly.
3. A membership share costs Rp 1.000,00 (one thousand Indonesian rupiahs). 4. Interest (Balas Jasa Simpanan / BJS) matures once a year following the Annual Members
Meeting and will be automatically transferred to members’ BELAT account. 5. Share Savings are insured by Kalimantan Protection Network (Jaringan Perlindungan
Kalimantan / JALINAN), at such time when PANTURA LESTARI CREDIT UNION becomes a member of Kalimantan Credit Union Coordinating Body (Badan Koordinasi Credit Union Kalimantan / BKCUK).
6. Share Savings may be used as an asset for a secured loan. 7. Deposits in Share Savings accounts may not be withdrawn until membership is terminated. 8. Lost passbooks shall be subject to a fee of Rp 10.000 (ten thousand Rupiahs).
Article 7
Non Share Savings consist of :
i. BELAT ii. BETAH iii. JANGKAR
Article 8
BELAT (Benih Lanjut Terus) is the savings account designed to provide members with a pension, with the following terms and conditions:
1. The minimum balance is Rp 1.000.000,‐ (one million Rupiahs). 2. The minimum monthly deposit is Rp 15.000,‐ (fifteen thousand Rupiahs).
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3. When the balance is less than Rp 1.000.000,‐ (one million Rupiahs), no interest will be earned.
4. For accounts with no withdrawals and no deposits, interest rate is established at 9% per year. For accounts with withdrawals and no deposits, interest rate is established at 6% per year in the month of the withdrawal.
5. For accounts with deposits of less than Rp 15.000 (fifteen thousand Rupiahs), interest rate is established at 12% per year in the month of the deposit.
6. For accounts with deposits of Rp 15.000 (fifteen thousand Rupiahs) or more, interest rate is established at 15% per year in the month of the deposit.
7. When the balance is Rp 100.000.000,‐ (one hundred million Rupiahs) or greater, points (4) to (6) do not apply and interest rate is established at 15% per year. Interest can be withdrawn monthly in cash.
8. Interest shall be credited to your account balance monthly. 9. Other persons shall not withdraw from a member’s BELAT account on behalf of
aforesaid member except with the power of attorney. 10. BELAT is insured by Kalimantan Protection Network (Jaringan Perlindungan Kalimantan
/ JALINAN), at such time when PANTURA LESTARI CREDIT UNION becomes a member of Kalimantan Credit Union Coordinating Body (Badan Koordinasi Credit Union Kalimantan / BKCUK).
11. BELAT is automatically used as an asset for members’ loans. 12. Lost passbooks shall be subject to a fee of Rp 10.000 (ten thousand Rupiahs).
Article 9
BETAH (Boleh Tiap Hari) is the savings account designed to provide financial support for members’ living expenses, with the following terms and conditions:
1. The minimum balance is Rp 25.000,‐ (twenty thousand Rupiahs). 2. The minimum subsequent deposit is Rp 1.000,‐ (one thousand Rupiahs). 3. The interest of BETAH is established at 3% per year and is subject to change. Any change
in interest shall be prescribed in the Board of Directors’ Decrees. 4. Deposits and withdrawals may be made anytime during working hours. 5. Other persons shall not withdraw from a member’s BETAH account on behalf of
aforesaid member except with the power of attorney. 6. Interest shall be credited to your account balance monthly. 7. BETAH is not insured by Kalimantan Protection Network (Jaringan Perlindungan
Kalimantan / JALINAN). 8. Lost passbooks shall be subject to a fee of Rp 10.000 (ten thousand Rupiahs). 9. Upon closing, the BETAH account will be charged an administration fee of the same
amount as the minimum balance.
Article 10
JANGKAR (Simpanan Berjangka) is the term deposits, with the following terms and conditions:
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1. The minimum balance is Rp 500.000,‐ (five hundred thousand Rupiahs). 2. Interest and [Maturity] Terms: 3,5% for a term of 3 months, 4% for a term of 6 months,
4,5% for a term of 12 months. 3. Clearing before maturity shall be charged a penalty of 2% of the amount cleared. 4. Interest shall be paid at maturity and transferred to members’ BETAH account.
Upon opening, the account is charged an administration fee of Rp 15.000 (fifteen thousand Rupiahs) for printing and stamps.
CHAPTER IV
LOANS
Article 11
General Loan Policy
1. Loans shall be made only to Regular Members who have already completed the Credit Union Basic Training, with the exception of Savings Loans.
2. Applications for loans exceeding members’ total savings must be made one (1) month prior to clearing.
3. Loans smaller than or equal to members’ total savings can be cleared upon application submission.
4. Members applying for a loan shall do a direct consultation (interview) session with the Credit Committee or the Union office staff during working hours.
5. Members applying for a loan must fill the Loan Application Form (Surat Permohonan Pinjaman / SPP).
6. The Loan Application Form (Surat Permohonan Pinjaman / SPP) must be signed by at least two (2) guarantors.
7. Guarantors are fellow active members of PANTURA LESTARI Credit Union. Directors, Supervisors and Staffmembers shall not act as guarantors.
8. The Loan Application Form (Surat Permohonan Pinjaman / SPP) must be acknowledged and signed by spouse of applicant as a witness. Acting as a witness means acting as a guarantor who is fully responsible in the case of non performing loans.
9. Loans smaller than or equal to members’ total savings shall not require guarantors. 10. Collateral shall consist of Share Savings, BELAT and additional assets. 11. Loan agreements shall be sealed with a stamp. 12. Provision fee shall constitute 1% of cleared loan. 13. Interest is amortized with a 2% rate. 14. In the case of late payment, a late charge will be assessed equal to 3% of the sum of
principal due and interest due. 15. Maximum term shall be 60 months. 16. Principal and interest repayment is subject to a tenor with a maximum tolerance of 5 days
within the month of the tenor.
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17. Loan repayment can use the Principal Repayment/Fixed Installment method. 18. Members seventy (70) years of age or older shall only apply for a loan smaller than or
equal to their savings. Their loans are not insured by JALINAN. 19. Only members in good health shall apply for loans.
Article 12
Types of Loans
1. Savings Loan (loans to be deposited in a savings account) 2. Productive Loans 3. Consumption Loans
Article 13
Savings Loan (Kredit Simpanan) aims to encourage the habit of saving and increasing the balance towards financial independence with the following terms:
1. Savings Loan (loans to be deposited in a savings account) shall be made upon application for membership with a maximum plafond of Rp 20.000.000 (twenty million Rupiahs).
2. In the first month of membership, Savings Loan is not insured by JALINAN. 3. Upon failure to repay the Savings Loan in the second month, membership of PANTURA
LESTARI CREDIT UNION will be terminated. The Savings Loan will be deducted from the sum of paid Primary Savings + Compulsory Savings + BELAT. If the Loan is still not fully repaid, the member must repay the remaining Loan.
4. Members may only apply for new loans when their Savings Loan is at least 50% repaid.
Article 14
Productive Loans (pinjaman usaha produktif) is the loan given to members to generate income through sale of goods and services such as shops, stores, restaurants and transportation in order to improve members’ welfare, with the following terms and conditions: 1. The maximum plafond is Rp 25.000.000 (twenty‐five million Rupiahs), except when the
loan is equal to member’s balance. 2. The first loan to be cleared and withdrawn by the member is equal to member’s balance. 3. Subsequent loans to be cleared is at most 50% greater than member’s balance. 4. Loan applications are analyzed on the principle of 5 C (the applicant’s Capacity to Pay,
Character, Capital, Condition and Collateral). 5. If neccessary, the Credit Committee shall require additional collateral, acknowledgement
of debt, notarized authorization of lien (Surat Kuasa Menjual Hak Tanggungan / SKMHT) and/or Salary Deduction Authorization Letter from the treasurer of member’s workplace and so on.
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6. Financial Statement Analysis and Feasibility Study of the business 7. PANTURA LESTARI CREDIT UNION team may require to visit, supervise or counsel the
business.
Article 15
Following are the Loan Application Procedures:
1. Applicant fills out the Loan Application Form. 2. Applicant consults with the Credit Committee. 3. Credit Committee conducts Field Visit (credit analysis). 4. Credit Committee conducts a meeting to decide whether to approve or reject the loan
application. 5. To be approved, a loan must come with the loan clearing administration requirements
(Loan Agreement, Collaterals, etc). 6. Loan is cleared. 7. Loan smaller than or equal to member’s balance can be cleared upon Loan Application
submission. (Loan clearing plan depends on applicants.)
Article 16
Following are the Loan Clearing Procedures:
1. The date of clearing is determined by the Credit Committee. 2. Clearing is done within the first to the twenty‐third of each month. 3. Loan is cleared after all loan application requirements are met and the loan agreement is
signed by the applicant.
Article 17
Loan cancellation. Approved loans can be cancelled before clearing under the following conditions:
1. Applicant cancels the loan application. 2. Adverse data are found.
Article 18
Following are the Default Management Procedures:
1. When payments of principal and interest are past due, the assets used as collateral will be deducted to compensate for the unpaid principal and interest.
2. Credit Union staff shall collect the unpaid loan by means of both Billing Letter and direct visits.
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3. Less than 45 days past due of the loan (principal and interest), collection shall involve guarantors who have signed on the Loan Application.
4. When the loan (principal and interest) is 45 days past due, the collateral listed on the Loan Agreement will be seized.
Seizing of collateral shall fully involve guarantors.
CHAPTER V
NON SAVINGS AND LOANS SERVICES
Article 19
Non Savings and Loans Services in PANTURA LESTARI Credit Union consist of:
1. JALINAN 2. BAMEL 3. Others
Article 20
Kalimantan Protection Network (Jaringan Perlindungan Kalimantan / JALINAN) is managed by the Kalimantan Credit Union Coordinating Body (Badan Koordinasi Credit Union Kalimantan / BKCUK) located in Pontianak. It works to protect members’ Savings and Loans in the event of their death or permanent disability to prevent loss for members and their beneficiaries. The maximum plafond is Rp 25.000.000,‐ (twenty‐five thousand Rupiahs) for savings and Rp 75.000.000,‐ (seventy‐five thousand Rupiahs) for loans. Following are the terms and conditions of the claim:
1) The Amount of Claims for TUNAS and LINTANG
TUNAS (Santunan Solidaritas) is the members’ life insurance claim.
1.1. The plafond for members younger than 1 (one) year old is Rp 5.000.000,00
1.2. The plafond for members aged 1 (one) to 60 (sixty) years old is Rp 25.000.000,00
1.3. The plafond for members aged 61 (sixty‐one) to 70 (seventy) years old is Rp 10.000.000,00
LINTANG (Perlindungan Piutang Anggota) is the members’ credit insurance claim.
2.1. The plafond for members aged 60 (sixty) years old or younger is Rp 75.000.000,00
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2.2. The plafond for members aged 61 (sixty‐one) to 70 (seventy) years old is Rp 50.000.000,00
2) Insurance Claim Requirements:
2.1) Completed claim form 2.2) File Inspection Certificate issued by Regulatory Body 2.3) Death Certificate issued by the state 2.4) Original passbook / KSPA of insured member 2.5) Indonesian Identity Card (Kartu Tanda Penduduk / KTP) or other identity cards signed
by the state 2.6) Physician’s Certificate in the case of permanent disability 2.7) Only beneficiary listed on the insured member’s SPMA/passbook/KSPA is entitled to
the Claim. 2.8) It is advisable to save the insurance money in PANTURA LESTARI Credit Union under
the beneficiary’s name. 2.9) Loan Application and Agreement Letters (for members with loan balance)
Article 21
BAMEL (Bantuan Melawat) is the funds collected by all PANTURA LESTARI Credit Union members and managed by the organization. It is given upon the death of a PANTURA LESTARI Credit Union member to the member’s beneficiaries as a donation, regulated under the following terms:
1. All PANTURA LESTARI Credit Union members must contribute to the BAMEL fund. 2. Each member must pay a Rp. 30.000,‐ (thirty thousand Rupiahs) fee every year. 3. New members must pay the BAMEL fee upon applying for membership in PANTURA
LESTARI Credit Union. 4. The BAMEL claim is Rp. 1.000.000,‐ (one million Rupiahs) when the PANTURA LESTARI
Credit Union has less than 100 members and Rp. 3.000.000,‐ (three million Rupiahs) when the PANTURA LESTARI Credit Union has 100 members or more.
5. BAMEL is given to the dead member’s beneficiaries. 6. Existing members must pay the BAMEL fee by the end of January at the latest.
Beneficiaries of members who die before due date and/or fail to pay the BAMEL fee will not be entitled to the BAMEL claim.
Article 22
Others :
Distribution of Saving Interests (BJS) and Loan Interests (BJP):
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1. Members failing to deposit to Share Savings Account for more than four months in a year will not gain Savings Interests.
2. Members failing to pay loan instalments for more than three months in a year (including principal and interest deducted from BELAT Savings by Finance Staff) are not entitled to Loan Interests.
3. Saving Interests (BJS) and Loan Interests (BJP) received by members are transferred to members’ BELAT account once a year following the Annual Members Meeting.
Signed in: Sungai Putri Day: Friday Date : July 23, 2010
PANTURA LESTARI CREDIT UNION BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Chairman
RUMITA
Secretary
MARIANA
Good Luck!
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IX. Daftar Pustaka
Price, Sharon dan Marisol Mayorga, RARE Pride Handbook, Arlington. VA, 2007.
Halpern, Belle Linda and Kathy Lubar, Leadership Presence, New York, 2003
Rogers, Everett M, Diffusion of Innovation 4th Edition, New York, 1995.
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1 : Lack of Conservation Area Management Unit 2 : Desire for personal gain 3 : Low education level 4 : Low mentality of law enforcement officers 5 : Limited skills 6 : Lack of capital to start a business 7 : Low efforts for conservation 8 : Lack of law enforcement 9 : Limited alternative of profession 10 : Decision makers’ lack of knowledge about regulations concerning land use and spatial
planning 11 : Inconsistent policies concerning land use and spatial planning (local – regional –
central) 12 : Land status (Production Forest / Hutan Produksi and Conversion Forest / Hutan
Produksi Konversi) 13 : Motivation to increase Region Original Income (Pendapatan Asli Daerah / PAD) 14 : Conversion of forests to plantations 15 : Fish poisoning 16 : Lack of knowledge about agricultural land management 17 : Fulfillment of life necessities 18 : Slash‐and‐burn land clearing 19 : Availability of market 20 : Fishing 21 : The use of timber for wooden piles 22 : Degradation of mangrove forests
23 : Lack of community sense of ownership of the infrastructures 24 : Destruction of sea walls 25 : Population growth 26 : High economic needs 27 : Saltwater intrusion 28 : Crop failure 29 : Lack of timber supply from other areas 30 : Local market demand 31 : Infrastructure development 32 : Government’s lack of knowledge about the village’s problems 33 : Limited economic empowerment program for local communities 34 : Subsistent needs 35 : Lack of socialization on peat forest 36 : Lack of knowledge about the functions of peat forest among the community 37 : Logging 38 : Agricultural land clearing 39 : Fish poisoning 40 : Hunting 41 : Limited farmland 42 : Channel opening by local government 43 : Forest conversion for agriculture program 44 : Project Scope: The Sungai Putri Peat Swamp Forest Complex 45 : Peat Swamp Forest 46 : Animals 47 : River
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Chart 2. Logging Factor Chain (i)
1. Lack of capital to start a business 2. Limited alternative of profession 3. Logging 4. Project Scope: The Sungai Putri Peat Swamp Forest Complex 5. Peat Swamp Forest 6. River
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Chart 3. Logging Factor Chain (ii)
1. Lack of Conservation Area Management Unit 2. Lack of socialization on peat forest 3. Lack of knowledge about the functions of peat forest among the community 4. Logging 5. Project Scope: The Sungai Putri Peat Swamp Forest Complex 6. Peat Swamp Forest 7. River
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Chart 4. Results Chain
1 : Credit Union introduction and creation 2 : Awareness raising campaign 3 : Knowledge about independence and business growth capital 4 : Increase in knowledge about the functions of peat forest 5 : Growth of independence and life improvement ability 6 : Decrease in excessive dependence on forest (timber) 7 : Increase in support for the Sungai Putri forest area conservation 8 : Growth of communication about self‐supporting capital development within the
community 9 : Growth of communication about the functions of the Sungai Putri forest area and
conservation efforts 10 : Growth of Credit Union with sufficient capital to provide loans as well as a well‐
organized system which takes into account the Sungai Putri forest protection 11 : Decrease in illegal logging 12 : Project Scope: The Sungai Putri Peat Swamp Forest Complex
13 : Peat Swamp Forest 14 : River 15 : Knowledge about independence (CU) and the functions of the Sungai Putri Forest 16 : Independence (CU) and support for the Sungai Putri forest conservation and
protection 17 : Intensive communication to develop independence and mobilize support for the
Sungai Putri forest protection 18 : Venture capital for CU development