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FILOZOFIE ANALITICA

Regatul Unit, Canada, Australia, S.U.A, Noua Zeelanda.

Secolul al XX-lea.

Respingerea hegelianismului (idealism, obscuritate).

Figuri si opere seminale

Bertrand Russell (Regatul Unit, 1872-1958, On Denoting1, PrincipiaMathematica2)

George Edward Moore (Regatul Unit, 1873-1958, Principia Ethica3)

Gottlob Frege (Germania, 1848-1925, Begriffsschrift, eine der arithme-tischen nachgebildete Formelsprache des reinen Denkens 4 )

Ludwig Wittgenstein (Austria, 1889-1951, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus5)

Scoli de gandire

Pozitivism logic(empirism logic) - scoala filozofica ce mbina em-pirismul (ideea ca dovezile obtinute prin observatie sunt indispensabile

pentru cunoasterea lumii) cu o versiune a rationalismului (cunoastereainclude o componenta care nu rezulta n urma observatiei).Der Wiener Kreis(Universit at Wien, 1922): Otto Neurath, MoritzSchlick, Rudolf Carnap, Kurt Godel, Richard von Mises, Herbert Feigl,Hans Hahn, Victor Kraft, Phillip Frank.Der Berliner Kreis: Hans Reichenbach, Kurt Grelling, Walter Du-bislav, Carl Gustav Hempel, David Hilbert6, Richard von Mises.

Analiza limbajului ideal (Ideal language analysis, cca.1910-1930) - crearea unui limbaj eliberat de ambiguitatea limbajului comun(ordinary language), menit a facilita ntelegerea problemelor filozofice,

prin utilizarea logicii formale (a picture of the world can be made byexpressing atomic facts as atomic propositions, and linking them usinglogical operators.). Exponenti: Russell, Wittgenstein.

1eseu publicat n revista Mind, Oxford, 19052lucrare publicata n colaborare cu A.N. Whitehead, Cambridge, 19103publ. Cambridge, 19034engl. Concept Notation, the Formal Language of the Pure Thought like that of Arith-

metics, Halle, 18795publ. 19216matematician german (spatiul Hilbert)

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Analiza limbajului comun (Ordinary language analysis, anii

50, Oxford University): abordarea problemelor filozofice traditionaleca fiind nradacinate n nentelegeri (misunderstandings) pe care filo-zofii le dezvolta uitand ceea ce cuvintele nseamna, de fapt, n cadrulunui limbaj. Exponenti: J.L Austin, Gilbert Ryle, H.L.A Hart, PeterStrawson, Stanley Cavell, John Searle.

Filozofia analitica contemporana (post-1960)

Filozofia mintii (stiinte cognitive) - Daniel Dennett7, David Chal-mers, Fred Dretske, Michael Tye, David Rosenthal, David Armstrong,

William Lycan. Etica n filozofia analitica - R.M Hare8, Charles Stevenson, Peter

Singer9.

Filozofia analitica a religiei - Alvin Plantinga10, William Alston,Peter Winch, Rush Rees (interpretarile lui Wittgenstein asupra lucrariilui S. Kierkegaard).

Filozofia politica - liberalism (John Rawls11, Robert Nozick12), mar-xism analitic (G.A Cohen13, John Roemer, Jon Elster, Erik Olin Wright).

Metafizica analitica - David Kellogg Lewis, David Armstrong, W.V.OQuine14, A.J Ayer.

Filozofia limbajului - J.L Austin, Alfred Tarski, W.V.O Quine, SaulKripke15, John Searle, Noam Chomsky16.

Filozofia stiintei - Karl Popper, W.V.O Quine (matematica), ThomasSamuel Kuhn17, Paul Feyerabend, Jaakko Hintikka, Daniel Dennett.

7Consciousness Explained, 19918Essays on Bioethics, 19939Practical Ethics, 197910God and Other Minds, 196711A Theory of Justice, 197112Anarchy, State, and Utopia, 197413Karl Marxs Theory of History: A Defence, 197814Willard Van Orman Quine, 1908-2000, Harvard University (Two Dogmas of Empiri-

cism, 1951)15Naming and Necessity, 198016Syntactic Structures, 195717The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 1962

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Epistemologie18 - Edmund Gettier, W.V.O Quine19.

Critica filozofiei analitice

Brian Leiter20: Criticisms of analytic philosophy are familiar: arid,insular, boring, obsessed with logic-chopping, irrelevant. The criticismsare not without some truth. Clearly the best analytic philosophers donot resonate with the concerns of the broader culture in the way thatfigures like Nietzsche and Sartre do. Analytic philosophers do often missthe forest for the trees, and they often let dialectical ingenuity trumpgood sense (and sometimes science!) in terms of the views they will

defend.

Completari:

18Ramura a filozofiei care se ocupa cu natura si limitarile cunoasterii; din gr.(episteme - cunoastere) si (logos - studiul)

19Word and Object, 196020University of Chicago

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