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FILES AND FOLDERS. TEXT EDITORS Goals of this practical work: Working with files and folders: -to create folders and different types of files -to perform the basic operations with files: copy, move, delete, rename -to view, sort and select files and folders in different ways Using Microsoft Word: -to modify the basic default settings of Microsoft Word -to open and save files using Microsoft Word -to perform basic operations with data: select, copy, move, delete -to change the appearance and positioning of text -to use simple document formatting elements (headers and footers, breaks, page numbers) -to insert special editing elements in the document (e.g. tables, pictures etc.) Windows Explorer An important part of using a personal computer (PC) is working with files. With the aid of a computer we can access various devices for storing data, called disk drives, such as hard drives, drives for reading CDs or DVDs, flash memories (USB sticks, memory cards) . These devices are nothing but physical medium used for storing information in the form of files and for grouping files in folders, structures without own information, but that can contain multiple files and sub-folders. To organize and control files and folders we need a file manager, a specialized program that can create, delete, copy, or move them. Windows Explorer, part of the Windows operating systems since Windows 95, is only one of the programs known as File Managers. It is the default program, for the Windows environment, that allows you to explore the contents of your own computer. In this laboratory protocol you will learn to work with the Windows Explorer version that is installed by default in the Microsoft Windows 7 operating system. Starting Windows Explorer There are many different ways to launch Windows Explorer. The most common one is clicking the START button on the Windows Taskbar, then pointing to the “All Programs” button and selecting “Accessories” from the list that appears. In the new list that shows up you will find Windows Explorer – just click once on it, using the left mouse button and you will start the program (Fig.1.a and b). ATTENTION! By default, in MS Windows 7, the Windows Explorer window does not display the menu bar, or specific files or parts of files names. It is therefore recommended that when using the first program to enable these options. To display the menu bar, press the „Alt” key. Then, from the „Tools” menu, choose „Folder Options…”. A dialogue window will appear, having 3 tabs in the upper region. Choose the second tab, named „View”. From the options list that is displayed, check the following items: „Always show menus” „Show hidden files, folders, and drives” and uncheck the item „Hide extensions for known file types” 1

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Page 1: FILES AND FOLDERS. TEXT EDITORS - Universitatea … - Files and Folders_ Word...FILES AND FOLDERS. TEXT EDITORS Goals of this practical work: Working with files and folders: -to create

FILES AND FOLDERS. TEXT EDITORS

Goals of this practical work: Working with files and folders:

-to create folders and different types of files -to perform the basic operations with files: copy, move, delete, rename -to view, sort and select files and folders in different ways

Using Microsoft Word: -to modify the basic default settings of Microsoft Word -to open and save files using Microsoft Word -to perform basic operations with data: select, copy, move, delete -to change the appearance and positioning of text -to use simple document formatting elements (headers and footers, breaks, page numbers) -to insert special editing elements in the document (e.g. tables, pictures etc.)

Windows Explorer An important part of using a personal computer (PC) is working with files. With the aid of a computer we can access various devices for storing data, called disk drives, such as hard drives, drives for reading CDs or DVDs, flash memories (USB sticks, memory cards) . These devices are nothing but physical medium used for storing information in the form of files and for grouping files in folders, structures without own information, but that can contain multiple files and sub-folders. To organize and control files and folders we need a file manager, a specialized program that can create, delete, copy, or move them. Windows Explorer, part of the Windows operating systems since Windows 95, is only one of the programs known as File Managers. It is the default program, for the Windows environment, that allows you to explore the contents of your own computer. In this laboratory protocol you will learn to work with the Windows Explorer version that is installed by default in the Microsoft Windows 7 operating system.

Starting Windows Explorer There are many different ways to launch Windows Explorer. The most common one is clicking the START button on the Windows Taskbar, then pointing to the “All Programs” button and selecting “Accessories” from the list that appears. In the new list that shows up you will find Windows Explorer – just click once on it, using the left mouse button and you will start the program (Fig.1.a and b).

ATTENTION! By default, in MS Windows 7, the Windows Explorer window does not display the menu bar, or specific files or parts of files names. It is therefore recommended that when using the first program to enable these options. To display the menu bar, press the „Alt” key. Then, from the „Tools” menu, choose „Folder Options…”. A dialogue window will appear, having 3 tabs in the upper region. Choose the second tab, named „View”. From the options list that is displayed, check the following items: „Always show menus” „Show hidden files, folders, and drives” and uncheck the item „Hide extensions for known file types”

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Fig 1.a Fig.1.b Fig.2.The Windows Explorer start window

On the above picture (Fig.2) you can identify the main elements of the Windows Explorer program interface. Most of them are common for all Windows programs. The Windows Explorer window is divided into two main areas, several menus and tools being displayed above them. The left panel shows the folder tree or structure of your computer and the right panel displays the contents of the current folder (i.e. the open at that time). If you move the mouse pointer onto the list of directories you can see that some folder names on the panel have, in front of them, a small arrow-shaped icon. That means that they contain several subfolders, but that part of the structure is hidden - you must click on the folder name or that sign to see it.

Address bar

Navigation buttons

Search field

Menu bar

Left panel - Folder structure of the PC

Right panel - The content of the current folder

Status Bar (file informations)

Control buttons

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A customized version of Windows Explorer is also opened by using the “Computer” icon on the desktop (Fig.3.), which shows the disk drives on the computer, which are also called "root directories" because the whole structure of folders and files "branches" out of them.

Fig.3. The Windows Explorer windows available Fig.4.The menus and options

through the „Computer” shortcut used to create a folder

Creating folders and files Open Windows Explorer, left clicking the „Computer” on the Desktop. From the window that just appeared, open the disk unit named „DATA”, which is, in fact, the second partition of the hard-disk installed on this computer. You can create a new folder either from the “File” menu, pointing to the “New” option and choosing “Folder” from the list, or right-clicking a blank area and choosing “New→Folder” from the menu that appears (see the image in Fig.4). An object named “New folder” is created, which has a yellow icon like a folder to the left. Delete the default name (using either Backspace or Delete keys) and write the name of your group, abbreviated (e.g. ENG1, ENG2 etc.).

Renaming files or folders If you wrote a wrong name, or you didn’t modify the default folder name, you can always rename it, by right clicking the file, then selecting “Rename” from the pop up menu, or by left clicking it once, in order to select the file, then left clicking it again, to edit its name. The "Rename" command can be also found in the “File” menu of Windows Explorer.

Exercise Open the folder either by double-clicking it or selecting it with one left-click and pressing the “Enter” key. Create, in the same manner, two subfolders in your folder, named “Exercise” and “Test”. Create a new text file in the Exercise folder and name it “Example.txt”. To create a file, instead of choosing the “Folder” option form the list that appears when you choose “New”, you will select the “Text Document” option. Name the new document “Example.txt”. In a similar manner, create three more files: -a Word file (Microsoft Word Document), named “Document.docx” -an Excel file (Microsoft Excel Worksheet), named “Table.xlsx” -a PowerPoint file (Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation), named "Presentation.pptx"

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Copy, move or delete files or folders These three operations are common to most Windows programs, only the things on which they act are different. In Windows Explorer, they apply to files and / or folders that are currently selected. The first two commands, copying and moving, follow the same pattern: - select (mark) the name of files / folders that you want to copy or move, - choose the appropriate operation (Copy or Cut) - indicates the destination folder (the location where we copy or move that files or folders) - issue the Paste command. All these commands are found in the edit menu of Windows Explorer or in the pop-up menu that appears when you right-click on the names of the selected files. You can also use keyboard shortcuts for these commands -Ctrl+C for Copy, -Ctrl+X for Cut, -Ctrl+V for Paste. To delete a file you can simply press the Del key, after you selected it or you can choose the Delete command from the File menu or the right-click menu. In most cases the effect of these operations can be canceled by issuing the command Undo from the Edit menu. Because of the protection mechanisms found on a Windows operating system, the file is not immediately destroyed, instead it is moved to a special system folder – the “Recycle Bin”. You can open “Recycle Bin” by double clicking on the icon found on the desktop. From that folder, you can restore the file to its original location or you can delete it permanently from your computer.

Exercise Ex.1.First of all, copy „Example.txt” from the folder „Exercise” into the folder „Test” 1- Select the file by left-clicking once on it. 2- From the “Edit” menu, on the program’s Menu bar, choose the “Copy” command. 3-Select the destination folder - open the folder "Test". You can do this by returning to the upper folder (e.g. ENG1) by clicking on its name in the address bar (Fig.5), and then opening the folder "Test" or you can open the “Test” folder directly, using the directory structure in the left panel of Windows Explorer to click on its name. 4- From the “Edit” menu choose the “Paste” command, to conclude the copying.

Fig.5.The interface elements used to change the current folder Instead of using the “Edit” menu, you can right click on the file name and select the “Copy”, “Cut” or “Paste” commands from the pop-up menu.

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Ex.2.Make another copy of "Document.docx", inside the folder "Exercise", using the mouse and the “Control” key. - Hover the mouse cursor over the name of the file. - Press continuously the “Control” key, then press the left mouse button. - Drag the file to the location where you want it copied, in this case somewhere on the blank part of the “Exercise” folder. You will see a small “+” sign showing next to the mouse arrow and the message „Copy to Exercițiu” under the icon of the file you are copying (Fig.6). In the end, when you release the mouse button, inside the folder „ Exercise” a new file, named „Document - Copy.docx”, will appear.

Fig.6.Copy using the Control key Because in the same location already existed a file with the same name, "Document.docx", the operating system auto-renames the copy, adding „ - Copy” after of the original file name. In the end, you will create a file with the same information as the original, but named differently.

ATTENTION! Usually, filenames have at the end, separated by a dot from the actual name of the file, a group of letters that is the extension of that file (e.g : ".txt", ".doc", ".pptx", ".mp3", ".jpg "," .avi "). The extension gives details about the type of information contained in a file and is used by the operating system to automatically open a program that knows how to "understand" that type of file. For folders, although we can use at the end of their name a group of letters, similar to an extension, which is separated with a dot from the rest of the name, they are not actually an extension, but are also part of the folder name. Ex.3.You can use the Control key to make copies of files in other folders, for example by dragging them over the names of folders in the left panel of Windows Explorer. Using this method, copy the file „Table.xlsx” form the folder “Exercise” into the foler “Test”. Moving files is similar to copying them, only the “Copy” command is replaced with the “Cut” command. Instead of keeping the original and creating an identical file in another location, when moving a file the original file transferred, or, more correctly, it is logically transferred to the destination folder.

Exercise Move the "Prezentare.pptx" file from the folder “Exercise” into the folder “Test”. You can use any of the methods taught for copying a file, paying attention to choose “Cut” instead of “Copy” for the second step, or you can drag the file with ethe mouse, without using the Control key.

Display the properties of folders or files In order to find more information about a folder or a file - its size, date of creation or the date it was last modified, its system attributes – “Read Only” and/or “Hidden”, we can right click on that item, then choose the last menu entry – “Properties”. (Fig.7).

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Fig.7. The File Properties window

File views and sorting Using Windows Explorer you can change the way you visualize the files and folders. In order to change their appearance you must click the “View” menu, then select one of the following options: -Extra-large icons - Small icons: they differ by the size of the file icon, and the name may not be completely displayed when using this view mode -List: the icons are very small, the main identification element being the name -Details: the icons are small, and additional columns containing information about the file size, type and date are displayed. -Tiles: the file or folder icon is still quite big, and the name is entirely displayed -Content: in addition to the filename, various other file properties are displayed, depending on the type of information contained in that file While for most of the views the files are arranged one next to the other, horizontally, for the "List", "Details" and "Content" views the files are arranged vertically, one below the other. In addition to the many ways of viewing the contents of a folder, you can choose between different sorting criteria, to better arrange the files and the subfolders, by selecting the "Sort by" submenu of the “View” menu. The default sorting criteria is the alphabetical order of the files names (“Sort by” →”Name”), but you can also arrange them by size, by type or by the date the files were last modified. In the next example, the files are displayed using the "Details" view, to see more file properties (date, type, size), and they are arranged in descending order of their sizes (to sort the files, we chose the "Size" and "Descending" sorting options - Fig.8).

Size

Date

Attributes

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Fig.8. The „Details” view, with the files sorted by size, in descending order

Selecting multiple files and folders Most of the time you will have to use many files or folders simultaneously. In order to do that, you will first have to select them and only then perform the desired action. A. The easiest way to select multiple files is to use the mouse - press the left button and then drag the mouse over the area in which the desired files are, creating a selection rectangle. The color of the selected files will change - usually they became blue. B. If you want to select only specific files, you have to use another method: while pressing and holding the Control key, you will click on each of the desired files. (Fig.9).

Fig.9. Selecting files randomly, using the Control key

C. To select multiple files that are located one after another you can use the Shift key. There are two available methods: 1. click on the first file, then, while holding down the Shift key, click on the last file you need 2. after you click on the first file, hold down the Shift key and using the arrows on your keyboard, modify the selected area

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WORD PROCESSORS. MICROSOFT WORD 2010 A word processor is a software used for the creation (including composition, editing, formatting and possibly printing) of any sort of printable material or, generally speaking, text documents. Microsoft Word, part of Microsoft Office, is a word processing application developed by Microsoft for Windows and Mac OS X. The program also features basic desktop publishing capabilities (the ability to create different page layouts and to combine text and graphical elements into documents) and is the most widely used word processing program on the market.

In this practical work you will learn to use the Microsoft Word 2010 version of this word processor. To launch the application, press the START button, move the mouse cursor over the “All Programs” button and select “Microsoft Office” from the list that appears. In the list of shortcuts displayed under MS Office you will find Microsoft Word 2010 - just click once on it, using the left mouse button and you will start the program. On some computers you can find shortcuts directly on the desktop or on the START menu.

Before you start working with the program, check that the “Ruler” option is selected in the “View” menu – this interface element is not only used to measure distances between different graphical objects in the file (text, page margins, images), but also to modify a paragraph’s position and spacing in a document, as you will learn further on.

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When you work with Microsoft Word for the first time, you should make a few adjustments to the program’s default settings. For example, because the program is set to use inches as the default measurement unit and, in Romania, the metric system is used, we have to change the measurement unit to centimeters (or millimeters). To do this, from the File menu we choose Options, and in the new dialogue window we choose Advanced. In the „Advanced” tab of the „Word Options” window we have to scroll down until we reach the „Display” section, to find the option to change the measurement units from „Inches” to „Centimeters”.

Changing the page size and margins Most of the time we want to make a permanent copy of the document we create; that means printing it on paper. To do this properly, we have to make sure the properties of our document match the characteristics of the paper sheet we use for printing.

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We can access the properties for the paper used from the "File" - “Print” menu, where we choose "Page Setup ". A new window will appear on screen, with three tabs in the upper part. For the first step, please select the second tab, named “Paper”. The paper size selected by default is “Letter”, widely used in the U.S.. Because in Romania, as well as in many other countries, the most common paper type is the A4 size, we should select this option instead of the default “Letter” size. The A4 type is more than half centimeter narrower and almost 2 centimeters longer than the Letter type, so if we use the “Letter” paper size to create a Word document and then we print it on A4 paper, we may see many alignment and formatting issues. We should also modify the margins of the text area, that is the amount of space left between the actual paper border and the border of the written text. The default margins are 1.25 inches (3.17 cm) for the Top and Bottom parts of the page and of 1 inch (2.54 cm) for the Left and Right parts. Because we use the metric system, we should select

round values, such as 2 cm for each side of the text or 3 cm for Top and Bottom and 2 cm for Left and Right. All these settings are on the first tab of the “Page Setup” window, named „Margins”. In this tab we should also select the orientation of the page – “Portrait” for vertical positioning or “Landscape” for horizontal positioning.

If we want to use these modifications for all the new documents we will create, we should click on the “Default…” button on the bottom left corner of the window. Otherwise, if we need the settings only once, for the file in use, we click the “OK” button to return to editing the document. The settings described in this chapter can also be modified the in the "Page Layout" menu of MS Word, using the options „Size”, „Margins” or „Orientation”.

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Saving and opening a file In order not to accidentally lose data, you should often save the file you work on. To do this, please click on the “File” menu, then on the “Save” option. You can use the "Save as" option if you want to change the name of a previously saved file, or to choose a different type of file to save your data (choose a different extension, e.g. .docx, .doc, .rtf, .html). if you save the file for the first time or if you choose the “Save as…” option, a window similar to the next image should be displayed on screen. Type the desired name for your file in the "File name" textbox, and in the "Save as type" box you can choose the desired output format for your file and it’s corresponding file extension. Save your file with the name "Practical Work 1", keeping the file type automatically chosen by MS Word - ".docx". After pressing the "Save" button, from the bottom-right part of the window, you will notice that on the title bar at the top of the MS Word program window the new name of the file is written - "Practical Work 1.docx".

To open a file, choose the “Open…” option from the “File” menu, then browse the folders for the location where you know the file is stored. After selecting the desired file, press the “Open” button, also located in the bottom-right part of the window. At this point you made all the necessary settings to start creating a document in Microsoft Word. To have enough text for learning and exemplifying basic commands, please create three paragraphs of continuous text, each containing 4-5 lines of text. You can do this quickly, if you write a short sentence that you copy several times, to get the first paragraph, they you copy the paragraph two more times.

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To spell a text in Romanian, containing accents, you have to change the language from English to Romanian. This is done from the button that is on the Windows taskbar, in the bottom right part of the screen, near the clock.

Basic operations with text – Select, Copy, Move, Delete To copy or move a part of the text in a MS Word document, first you have to select it. You can do this using the mouse - press the left button at the beginning of the text, then drag the mouse cursor over the area where the desired text is. The background of the selected text cell will change, to clearly see the area selected. To copy or move the text selected, three more steps are required: - from the Home menu - or the right-click pop-up menu - chose the desired command, Copy (keyboard schortcut = Ctrl+X) or Cut (Ctrl+X) - place the writing cursor (i.e. click) to the start position where you want to copy or move the text - to conclude the operation, from the Home menu - or the right-click pop-up menu - chose the Paste command (Ctrl+V). SPECIAL SELECTION METHODS To select a word you can double-click it To select a row, move the mouse cursor to the left of the row, until its shape becomes an inverted arrow, then left click once. You can click and hold the mouse button, then move it up or down to select several rows. To select a sentence, press the Ctrl key and short click the left mouse button, anywhere on that sentence. Please note that, for a proper selection, after the full-stop that ends the sentence there must be a space character To select the entire text, from the Home menu choose „Select” → „Select All” command (the button lies at the right end of Home meniu) or use the Ctrl+”A” shortcut As an exercise, please copy the sentence you wrote before several times, until you create the first paragraph. Then, copy the paragraph two more times.

ATTENTION! After writing the first sentence, put the period mark and leave a blank space. Do not press Enter until you have copied the sentence several times and have created the first paragraph, which spans for 4-5 lines of text.

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At the end of these operations, the file should look like the one in the image below.

If you to need to remove part of a text, we can select it and then use the “Delete” command, either by using the right-click menu and selecting “Delete”, or by pressing the “Delete” key on the keyboard. You can delete only certain letters, if you put the writing cursor next to them and then you use the Delete key (deletes characters to the right of the cursor) or Backspace (deletes character left of the cursor).

Modifying the text formatting - writing with different fonts, sizes and styles A font is a set of characters represented in a certain way so as to have a similar appearance. Each character in a font (letter, number, punctuation mark, symbol) is created using the same graphical style. To change the appearance of an already written text, you must first select it, then choose from the "Font" part of the "Home" menu the desired options: font name, font size, style of writing - bold, italic, underline, the text color, or different writing effects of (text as an indexe - Subscript, text as a power - Superscript).

If you right click on the text in the menu that appears you will have a box where you can change rapidly, the currently selected text layout.

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Both from the Home menu, and from the menu that appears when you right click on the selected text, you can open a window containing more options for changing the appearance of text.

As an exercise, please modify the first paragraph, choosing

Font name Font list

Font style Font size

Font color

Character underline

Different font effects (note the Superscript and Subscript effects)

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-“Arial” as the new font (you can scroll up or down in the font list or you can type the first letters of the font name to quickly find it), -“Bold” as font style, -“14” as font size, -“Red” as font color.

The result should be as following:

Change the second paragraph to be written with the Courier New and size of 12 points (choose what style of writing, highlighting and color you want). Change the third paragraph using a font that mimics handwriting, and choose the rest of text attributes as you wish (in the example we used Monotype Corsiva, 16 pt, blue).

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Text formatting - paragraph alignment, position and spacing An important part of document editing is modifying the position and limits of the written text. Normally, we write text in paragraphs, separated by pressing the “Enter” key to produce a paragraph mark or character. The position of a paragraph, in relation to the paper it is written on, is called the “alignment”. There are several types of alignment: - left alignment (used by default when writing a new paragraph) - right alignment - centered alignment - justified alignment, to fully use each line of text

These four alignment options are found in Paragraph part of the Home menu, along with other options for modifying the space between paragraphs, between the lines of a paragraph or between paragraph the text margins and the paper margins. As an exercise, align the first paragraph to the center of the page, for the second paragraph - use the "Justify" alignment and for last paragraph - align it to the right.

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On every page, for each paragraph, we can set the distances to the paper margins. This is mainly done when we set the margins for the entire text zone, using Page Setup, but we can also select additional margins fro each paragraph, individually, with the aid of some text limiters. These can be seen on the ruler, above the document pages in MS Word, and they look like small arrow-shaped cursors. We can drag the cursors with the mouse, after having selected the desired text, or after clicking anywhere inside a paragraph.

In the example from the image above, we changed, for the second paragraph, the right and left margins of the text of the paragraph, but also the edge of the first row from the rest of the text, setting for which the limiter is on the left, above the ruler. Attention: under the cursor on the left side there isanother small, rectangular-shaped cursor. Pulling the rectangular cursor moves both the cursor for the left text margins, and the cursor for the edge of the first row, in parallel. To better quantify the modifications desired for a paragraph, we should use the “Format” – “Paragraph” part command from the “Home” bar”, or from the right-click pop-up menu. As an exercise, click somewhere inside the second paragraph, then open the “Paragraph” window. Please write the values from the image below inside the corresponding text boxes, to modify the look of the second paragraph. Attention: the default measurement unit for “Spacing” is points (“pt”), the unit used to measure font sizes. In order for the spacing between paragraphs to make more sense, you can use values followed by the name of a different measurement unit, such as centimeters, but you have to specifically type the unit on the text box (e.g. 2 cm, in the example below), after the desired distance.

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If you use the given values, the end result should look similar to the following image.

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Scrierea textului pe mai multe coloane If we want the text in our document to be displayed on two or more columns, we should we should use the "Page Layout" menu and the "Columns" option. There we can choose directly the text to be displayed on one, two or three columns or, if we choose the „More columns” option, a dialogue window with more settings will be displayed. Please open the dialogue window, to be able to also display a line between the columns, to better highlight the columns.

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In the dialog window, please select “Two” columns and check the option to display a vertical line between the columns in the document, the press the “OK” button.

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The result will look like the image above. Because our document was not meant to be displayed using columns, please use again the “Page Layout” – “Columns” command to select only one column, or undo the last operation (you can use the blue arrows on the bar above the File menu or the Ctrl+”Z” shortcut).

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Sometimes we need to leave the rest of the page empty and start writing on the next page (e.g. we finished one chapter and we want to start a new chapter on the next blank page). To do so, we have to use the “Page Layout” – “Break” menu and choose the appropriate type of break, most commonly the “Page break”, then click on the “OK” button. The “Page Break” is also available from the “Insert” menu” , or we can use the Ctrl+Enter shortcut.

Paging a document Most of the times we will create documents that contain more than one page of text. Thus it is useful to page the document, in order to easily find parts of the document, especially if we print it. In the “Insert” menu choose the “Page Numbers…” command. In the new dialog box, select the desired position for the page numbers, usually at the bottom of the page and center aligned.

Page Headers and Footers In MS Word documents, on each page, there are two special areas, one above and one below the actual text area, that contain data repeated on each page of the document and that appear automatically on new pages after they have been added to the document. In fact, even the page numbers inserted before are included in one of these areas (inside the footer of the page, in our example). To edit these special areas, we can double click on the text previously written inside them (such as the page numbers) or, from the "Insert" menu, we can choose the options "Header"→"Edit Header" or "Footer"→"Edit Footer".

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As an exercise, write in the header of the document the text „Medical Informatics Practical Work”. You can change the text in this area like any normal text - for example, use Times New Roman, size 14, center aligned to display the header text.

You will notice this text is repeated on all existing pages in the document and it will be added on all the pages that you create from now on.

Using font effects Many times we have to write text using special font effects. Two such situations occur when we have to write chemical and mathematical formulae. Chemical formulae usually contain indices and mathematical formulae sometimes contain exponents (or rising to a power). To modify normal text in order to look like an index of a chemical element in a formula you should select that text (usually a digit or number) and the use the “Subscript” font effect. You can use the corresponding button from the „Font” area of the „Home” menu, next to the "Superscript" button, or checking the "Subscript" option on the lower part of the “Font” dialog window, which was described on page 14.

To write a simple chemical formula, for sulfuric acid for example, you should follow the steps shown in the next images.

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Perform the same steps to modify the “4” digit at the end of the formula. In the end the formula will look like the next image.

ATTENTION! when you finish writing the formula, because the last character on that line uses “Subscript”, the writing cursor might still be in that writing mode. You should uncheck the subscript effect, clicking again on the “Subscript” button, to be able to write normal text.

Using similar steps to choose the “Superscript” effect, please write the mathematical formula shown above. Remember to remove the “Superscript” effect at the end of the line!Tables

If you want to add a table to the document you create, from the Insert menu, you can use the "Table" option. Here you can choose the number of rows and columns of the future table either directly with the mouse by selecting the desired number of cells, or using the option "Insert Table ...", which opens a new dialog box.

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Insert a table with 4 columns and 5 rows, and fill it with information of some of your colleagues, after you write, on the first row, the necessary columns’ names

If the columns are too wide or too narrow, you can resize them, either by dragging the lines between them or double clicking on those lines, for an automatic resize. You can drag the bottom right corner of the table if you want to increase or decrease its size as a whole If you select individual cells (or rows or columns) of the table, you can change the text alignment within them. If you click on the icon next to the upper left corner of the table, you will select the entire table and you'll move it on the page, selecting a different alignment (ie, the center of the page). As an exercise, change the column size, table alignment and text alignment for the table you created. In the end, it should look like the image below.

If necessary, we can change the table structure, uniting more cells, or dividing a cell into several ones. To unite a group of cell, you should select them and the right click inside the selected area. From the pop-up menu that will be displayed, please select „Merge Cells”.

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Similarly, if we want to split a cell in the table, after you right click into it, choose the command "Split Cells" - a dialog will appear where you can select the number of rows and columns to split that cell into.

If we want to change line thickness of a table or the background color of it’s cells, you can use the "Borders and Shading" option from the menu that appears by right clicking on the table. The window that appears has three tabs; below you can see the "Borders" and "Shading" tabs.

Inserting pictures and other graphical objects Microsoft Word, apart from the word processing capabilities, has some advanced publishing features too. It allows us to use pictures, drawings, charts and other graphical elements, imported from other sources or created directly in MS Word using specific tools (e.g. creating drawings using simple geometric shapes or making charts using Chart Wizard), and to move them in the document in order to create a basic page layout.

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Various tools for creating graphical objects are available in the “Insert” menu.

As an exercise, please insert a picture from the picture library that comes bundled with Microsoft Office, also known as Clip Art, and some text as graphic shapes, made available through the Word Art option, to write a title or a name for the image added from Clip Art. Warning: In the window that appears when you click the button ClipArt you will need to click the "Go" button on the right to see the list of images.

If you selected a text option available through WordArt, a text box will be displayed, in which the text "Your text here" is written by default. Replace that text with a name for the image you selected. If you want, from the specific menu for making and modifying drawings, illustrated below, you can choose different options to see how the graphic objects added by you can be modified.

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Exercises 1. Using MS Word, create a file with your name, which contains text, a table (with the names, age, and student group of 5 students) and a drawing of the Olympic Circles. The text has 10 lines identical in information, but different in font and size. The first two rows will be aligned to the left, the next two - to the right, the next two to the left and to right –justified alignment and the last 4 will be centered. 2. Create a MS Word file, with your name, which contains a text of 1000 characters (letters or digits – use the „Review” menu and the “Word Count” command to verify the length of the text). The text has to be: -10cm from the top of the page -3 cm from the bottom of the page -4 cm from the left side -2 cm from the right side (use page margins and paragraph spacing to accomplish this). 3. Create a MS Word file, named “Trees.docx”, with the following content: copy from the Internet 3 images with trees. The images will be center aligned, and below each image insert an explanatory text (a title of that image) using Arial font, size 14. Modify the paragraph spacing in order to have exactly 10 mm (1 cm) between each image and the corresponding text below it. 4. Create a MS Word file, which will look similar to the text below this exercise, and use the Internet to fill the table with information. Insert the images using “Insrert” - “Shapes”.

Table 3.51. Web sites with information on anatomy

No. Web address Language Topic 1 2 3

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