Fifteenth to NineteenthCentury Art

Another DevilDuck Production ©

The Italian RenaissanceThe renaissance, or "rebirth" in Italy began in the late 14th century and lasted until the early 16th century.

Many ancient ideas were rediscovered in areas such as philosophy, literature, and science. People focused on learning by direct observation and study of the natural world. Religious themes and Greek and Roman mythology also became increasingly important to artists, who sought to recreate what was found in the classical age.

We have already looked atThe Italian Renaissance

Image from Botticelli, “Birth of Venus,” 1482, Italy

Leonardo, “Mona Lisa,” or “La Gioconda,” 1503-1506, France

Now let’s take a look at the Northern Renaissance

Northern Europe or Europe outside of ItalyStaring in the late 15th centuryGermanyFranceEnglandNetherlandsPoland

Influences

Decline of feudalism – where a lord granted land (a fief) to his vassals. In exchange for the fief, the vassal would provide military service to the lord. Recovery from Black Plague (1348 – 1350)Increasing use of money Improvement in farming methodsDecrease of influence of Roman Catholic churchPrinting press – booksScientific Research

The Northern Renaissance

Italian NorthernSpeciality Ideal beauty Intense realistic detail

Style Simplified forms, measured proportions

Lifelike features, unflattering honesty

Subjects Religious & mythological scenes

Religious & domestic scenes

Figures Heroic males Prosperous citizens, peasants

Portraits Formal, reserved Reveal individual personality

Technique Fresco, tempera, oil Oil on wood

Emphasis Underlying anatomical structure

Visible appearance

Basis of Art Theory Observation

Artists

Netherlands & BelgiumJan van Eyck – detailed realism respected in ItalyRogier van der WeydenPieter Bruegel the Elder – developed own styleHieronymus Bosch – developed own style

GermanyAlbrecht Dürer – travelled to ItalyHans Holbein the Elder – existing Gothic influence

Jan Van Eyck

“Arnolfini Wedding”, 1434

Pieter Bruegel

Pieter Bruegel the Elder. The Tower of Babel. 1563.

Peasant Wedding, 1568

Pieter Bruegel

Pieter Bruegel the Elder. “Hunters in the Snow,” 1565 or Months: The Return of the Hunters, 1575, oil on canvas. Flemish.

Hieronymouse Bosch

From the Garden of Earthly Delights. Panel: The Earthly Paradise (Garden of Eden), 1504

From Panel: Hell

Hans Holbein: Princely Portraits

The Ambassadors, 1533

Henry VIII, 1540

Hans Holbein: Woodcuts

Ruth meets BoazFrom the Dance of Death: The

Peddlar

Artist's Wife and ChildrenHans Holbein the

Younger.

1528-29.

tempera on paper on limewood.

German

Albrecht Dürer

Albrecht Dürer. Hare (Lepus europaeus

Pallas), 1502. Watercolor and

gouache, heightened with

white.

Albrecht Dürer

The Large Turf, 1503

Self-Portrait

Albrecht Dürer

Night, Death, and the Devil,

1513

The Spanish Renaissance

El Greco, “Toledo,” 1597 “Mater Dolorosa,” 1590’s

Baroque: The Ornate AgeBaroque period, originated in Italy around the late 16th century, and spread to other countries, until the 18th century. Baroque period art is emotional and dramatic, appealing to the senses, with exaggerated detail and motion and intense contrast of light and dark. While themes were often religious, the aristocracy appreciated the ornate style in painting and architecture as a way to show off their wealth.

Italian BaroqueCaravaggioAnnibale CarracciArtemisia Gentileschi

Flemish & DutchRubensvan DyckHedaHalsRembrandt

English BaroqueVermeerHogarthGainsboroughReynolds

Spanish BaroqueVelazquez

French BaroquePoussinLorrainVersailles Palace

Supper at Emmaus, 1601.

Chiaroscuro -Strong contrast between light and darkhttp://www.forvo.com/word/chiaroscuro/

Caravaggio

Annibale CarracciTwo children teasing a cat, ca. 1590, oil on canvas, Italian

The Beaneater

1584-85, oil on canvas, Rome

The First Feminist Artist

Artemisia Gentileschi

Judith and her Maidservant, 1613-14

Flemish & Dutch Baroque

Sir Peter Paul Rubens

Rubens with Isabella Brant in the Bower with Honeysuckle,1609

Sir Peter Paul Rubens

Nicholaas Rubens wearing a Coral Necklace, 1619

Self-Portrait, 1639

Sir Anthony van Dyck

Portrait of Charles 1st, 1635

Sir Anthony van Dyck

Portrait of Maria de Tassis, c. 1629/30

Willem Claesz Heda

Still Life with Gilt Goblet, 1620’s

Frans Hals

The Jolly Toper, 1627

Frans Hals

Detail from Three Children with a Goat Cart, 1620

Rembrant van Rijn

Self-Portrait, 1640.Self-Portrait as a Young Man, 1630

The Night Watch, 1642

Rembrant van Rijn

Rabbi, 1642

Rembrant van Rijn

Rembrandt, Moses with the Tablets of the Law, 1659

Johannes Vermeer

“The Kitchenmaid”, 1658

“The Girl with the Pearl Earing”, 1665

The English Baroque

Hogarth: The Artist as a Social Critic

                                                                  

                      

The Painter and his Pug, 1745

“Breakfast Scene”from Marriage a la Mode, 1745

                                                                                                                                               

                       

Thomas Gainsborough

Peasant Smoking at Cottage Door, 1788

Thomas Gainsborough

Mrs. Richard Brisley Sheridan, 1785

Thomas Gainsborough

Mrs. Sarah Siddons, 1785

Sir Joshua Reynolds

Mrs Siddons as the Tragic Muse

1789

Sir Joshua Reynolds

Self-Portrait, 1780

Sir Joshua Reynolds

Jane, Countess of Harrington, 1777

Spanish Baroque

Diego Velázquez

Las Meninas, c. 1656

Diego Velázquez

Old Woman frying eggs,

1618

The French Baroque

Nicolas Poussin: Master of Composition

Landscape with the Funeral of Phocion. 1648

Claude Lorrain: Nature as Ideal

Idylic Landscape with Escape to Egypt, 1663

Versailles - Palace of Pomp

Le Brun & Hardouin-Mansart, Hall of Mirrors, Versailles, c. 1680

RococoMood: Playful, superficial, alive with energy

Interior Décor: gilded woodwork, painted panels, enormous wall mirrors

Shapes: S and C-curves, ribbon-like scrolls

Style: light, graceful, delicate

Colours: white, silvers, gold, light pinks, blues, greens

Antoine Watteau

Pilgrimage to Cythera, 1717

Francois Boucher

Spring (detail), 1745

Jean-Honoré

Fragonard

The Reader,1770-72

Jean-Honoré

Fragonard

The Swing, 1767

Cavilliés, Mirror Room, 1734-39