field observations on building disaster resilient communities - hemker

Field Observations on Building

Disaster-Resilient Infrastructure

29 January 2014 – RAFI Forum in Cebu City / Philippines

“Are we ready for the normal”

Claus Hemker

Consultant Architect

Claus Hemker Caritas Germany

Topics

A careful first approach to understand THE NORMAL

About Hazards and Disaster

Natural, men made and technological hazards

Vulnerability and underlying risk factors

Observations

Samples

Solutions

Lessons

2


Architecture, Urban Planning, Risk Management

Visions & Dreams of THE NORMAL…

3


4

8. - 10.November 2013 – Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan)

Philippines – The New NORMAL – Impact ?

Süddeutsche Zeitung: Tacloban – Siedlung am Fischereihafen


THE NORMAL …same time, different location

5

Eastern Samar

Cebu City



Fukushima / Japan – Global Impact through Media

6


Port au Prince – Cathedral

Haiti 2010

7



Flood USA, New Orleans…

8


Flood in Europe / Germany – June 2013

„Jahrhunderthochwasser „ (…2002 ???)

Estimated damage: 7.000.000.000 Euro x 60 = 420 billion PHP

9


Collapsed Garment Factory – Bangladesh 2013

Global Economies – Local Impacts

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A) Natural Hazards

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World Seismicity Map (25.10.2010)

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Tropical Cyclones

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14


Economic Damage registered by Insurances in

Germany

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Extensive flood reports – Cali, Colombia

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Source: UN, Risk and Poverty in a changing Climate, Summary and Recommendations, 2009, page 13


Source: Safe & Resilient Cities - World Bank

Note: Analyses predates 2010 Haiti Earthquake…!

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B) Men made disaster: War, Civil war, Civil unrest

Liberia, Sierra Leone, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Syria…

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C) Technical Hazards

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Energy, Power…

Location of

Active

Nuclear Power Stations

Germany


Transport Systems, nuclear waste, explosives…

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Important

International

Airports

Germany


e.g. : Flight Tracks – Munich Airport / Germany

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Energy in Europe - Gas Pipelines

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23


Haiti 12. January 2010

Earthquake + Vulnerability = Impact

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Underlying Risk Factorsit is not only a matter of Design and Technology

but about the facts behind

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DRM

Risk Identification

Hazard

Risk

Underlaying Factors

Knowledge Transfer

Disaster preparedness

Emergency Response

(Re)Construction

Poor urban governance

Climate change

Missing regulatory Framework

Poverty


Geography + Climate Change + Population Growth

+ Urbanisation + informal Settlements + Poverty +

poor Leadership = risk + poor Infrastructure… 26


Observations

Samples

Solutions

Lessons

27


28

Caritas

Germany


Samples, Solutions, Lessons learnt from the field

29

Technical solutions are

expensive and have

limitetions !

Creek Shutter

(Verschlussbauwerk,

Speyer Germany)

Fischbeck, Elbe /

Germany June 2014


Environment friendly – low cost solutions –

planning with the nature not against …

30

Careful

Transformation

Umnutzung /

Umgestaltung von

frei werdenden

landwirtschaftlichen

Flächen und

Industriebrachen

wegen

Strukturwandel

Skizze:

Architekturbüro

Grub-Lejeune


Flood retention basin, Wetlands and natural buffer

31


Risk Mapping

32

Hazard and Risk

Assessment and

Mapping are

necessary for

comprehensive

regional planning,

urban planning and

disaster resiliant

design


Simultaneous Risk Assessment

33

Methods:

Quantitative, Qualitative, Deterministic, ProbabilisticResilient Cities, Module 02, technical Analysis, pages 4, 5


Samples, Solutions, Lessons learnt from the field

34

Do no Harm!

Formal and informal

Urbanization in hazard

exposed areas need to be

carefully assessed,

improved and transformed

with respect to different

economic and Social

realities

!!! Political unrest

Taqsim Square , Istanbul


Sector Approach to a Minimum Standard…?

35

Niermann: Aspekte der

Kostenreduzierung im

Wohnungsbau für

unterste

Einkommensgruppen

1977


Participation: Urban Planning and Architectural Design

must respect the “Genius Loci” and local culture

36

Tsunami resistent House

design Initiative, Harvard,

May 2005

„Domes For the

World...“ (System from

1972 Bayer / Germany

for Nicaragua; Photo:

Java 2006


Provide not only building code but Rebuild Better:

Resilient Buildings becomes – Transitional Shelter

37


Engineer driven Dammage Assessment + Analizes

provides best lessons on „What went wrong“

38

Asile St Vincent

Léogâne - Haiti


Rebuild Better – Capacity Building

39

Awareness,

knowledge transfer

and training of

Architects, engineers

and craftsman must

become part of every

sustainable

reconstruction

strategy.


(re)Construction is a chance to improve

Function assessment – National Development

40


Professional Partnerships – University Darmstadt

41


Site Planning and Professional Design

by Architect U.Lang, Freiburg Germany

42


Inclusion and accessibility for People with handicaps

43


Filling the gaps:

Engineering – Supervison - Accountability

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Finished School Complex Léogâne: February 2012

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Not spectacular

solutions or avant-

garde architecture,

but

functional,

resilient and

Ready for the

normal


Points for Discussion

Do we need to increase the norm of structural

engineering?

Up to which level can / must the norms for engineering

and technical infrastructure become increased?

What are the consequences ?

Is Yolanda becoming “the normal”?

What would be the impact on “normal housing”?

How can we improve the strength and performance of

our buildings and infrastructures today?

Can we provide sufficient resistant Shelter for all people?

46


Dahang Salamat

Every crises is

a new opportunity

to learn

and

a chance to improve.

We must not miss it !

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field observations on building disaster resilient communities - hemker

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