fetal pig a study of mammalian anatomy with emphasis on humans and the fetal pig

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Fetal Pig A study of mammalian anatomy with emphasis on humans and the fetal pig

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Fetal Pig

A study of mammalian anatomy with emphasis on humans and the

fetal pig

Taxonomy

• Kingdom Animalia• Phylum: Chordata

(backbone/spine)• Class: Mammalia• Order• Genus: Sus• Species: scrofa• When naming an animal

scientifically you would use that animal’s genus & species.

• Ex. This type of pig is Sus scrofa.

Fetal Pig

• Fetal = fetus: a stage in animal development. A well developed zygote.

External/Head Region• External structures • *There are 3 major regions of

the pig’s body. Head, trunk & tail.

• I) Head region – usually considered the front or top of a species. Usually contains the brain & most sense organs

– 1) Eyes (2) – sight organs.(#3)

– 2) Jaw – a bony area of the head that contains the teeth (#5)

– 3) Snout – the pig’s nose used for smelling & digging (#4)

– 4) Ear – organs used for hearing. May be called Pinnae (#1 & #2)

External/Trunk Region• B) Trunk – the midsection of a

mammal. It is broken into 2 sections, the thorax (upper trunk) & abdomen (lower trunk).

– Legs- front & hind. Used for movement

– Umbilicus (umbilical chord) – small tube that connects the fetus to the mother’s uterus. Used to feed the baby in the womb.(#6)

– Nipples – on males & females, but often more on the female pig. Used to feed the young milk. (#10)

– Reproductive organs – For reproducing. • a) Male- penis & scrotal sac.

(May not be outwardly visible.) (#9)

• b) Female – Vagina– Anus – pore used for eliminating

solid waste from the body. (May be considered part of the tail region as well.(#11)

External/Tail

• Tail – the back of some species. A tail can be used for anything from swatting pests & grasping objects to attracting mates & distracting predators.

The Internal Structures

• All internal structures will be put into body systems.

• The systems will include:– Digestive/Excretory– Urogenital/Reproductive– Respiratory– Circulatory– Nervous – Skeletal– Muscular*Not all systems or organs will be mentioned

Digestive/Excretory Systems• Digestive/Excretory system – converts food to energy

for the body’s use & removes waste from the body.– Liver – organ that removes waste from some

foods. (detoxification) It also stores bile. Usually brown.

– Diaphragm – muscle between abdominal & thoracic cavities that separates them & puts pressure on lungs & esophagus.

– Tongue – taste organ with 4 taste buds on it. ( sweet, sour, salty, bitter)

– Esophagus – muscular tube behind the tongue that connects mouth to stomach.

– Stomach – stores & digests food using enzymes & stomach acids.

– Small intestine – smaller tube that connects stomach to large intestine beginning of waste removal (excretory system).

– Large intestine – also called colon. Waste removal is its function.

– Rectum – a muscle at the end of the large intestine that pushes feces (solid waste from the body) out.

– Anus – an external feature but a pore where the waste leaves the body.

– Gall bladder – small greenish structure behind the liver. It contains bile & helps detoxify food.

– Spleen – connected to the stomach. It makes white blood cells so it is actually part of the circulatory system. Long & thin.

– Pancreas – in the mesentery (web-like connective tissue) behind stomach. Usually it is gray & bumpy & has enzymes that aid in digestion.

Urogenital & Reproductive Systems• Urogenital & Reproductive systems – to remove

liquid waste & reproduce offspring• Urogenital

– Kidney – bean shaped organ on the wall of the back that removes excess salt, H2O, & urea (nitrogen waste) from the blood.

– Ureter – small tubes that empty the kidneys to the bladder.

– Bladder – the bulb-like sac organ that stores urine until it is ready to be removed.

– Urethra – a tube that empties urine from the bladder out of body.

• Male reproductive system– Penis- male reproductive organ– Scrotum – sac that protects the testes.– Testes – 2 male oval organs that produce

sperm.• Female reproductive system

– Vagina – female reproductive organ.– Ovaries – 2 small round organs attached to

the back produce egg cells.– Oviduct (Fallopian tube) – 2 tubes that

connect ovaries to the Uterus for fertilization. Pig has Uterine horns (extensions that help mammals with multiple births).

– Uterus – a sac where fertilization takes place & the fetus is nurtured. The Urinary System

Reproductive Diagrams

Male Female

Respiratory System

• Respiratory system – brings in oxygen & removes carbon dioxide.– Mouth- where air

enters. Tongue & teeth are in the mouth.

– Pharynx – a cavity that has the organs for breathing.• Larynx – voicebox• Trachea – windpipe.

Ringed cartilage.– Lungs – 2 organs that

exchange gases.

Circulatory System

• Circulatory system - transports, blood, oxygen, & nutrients to the body.

– Blood vessels – carry blood• Veins –smaller blood

vessels bring blood back to the heart from the body. This blood contains little or no oxygen.

• Arteries- larger blood vessels that carry blood with oxygen from the heart to the body.

• Capillaries – small connecting blood vessels.

– Heart- muscular organ that pumps blood to the body.

Nervous System

• Nervous System – controls body’s senses functions, & actions. – Brain – the organ that

controls all the body’s functions, the nerve center.

– Spinal Chord – nervous tissue behind the backbone. Like an electrical wire to the rest of the body. Sends signals from brain to body’s nerves.

Skeletal System

• Skeletal system – Protection, movement, & support.

• All bones (humans 206) & cartilages (soft bone) are part of this system

Muscular System

• Muscular system – for movement & insulation.

• It includes all ligaments (muscle to bone) & tendons (muscle to muscle) (connective tissues).