fetal pig a study of mammalian anatomy with emphasis on humans and the fetal pig
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Taxonomy
• Kingdom Animalia• Phylum: Chordata
(backbone/spine)• Class: Mammalia• Order• Genus: Sus• Species: scrofa• When naming an animal
scientifically you would use that animal’s genus & species.
• Ex. This type of pig is Sus scrofa.
External/Head Region• External structures • *There are 3 major regions of
the pig’s body. Head, trunk & tail.
• I) Head region – usually considered the front or top of a species. Usually contains the brain & most sense organs
– 1) Eyes (2) – sight organs.(#3)
– 2) Jaw – a bony area of the head that contains the teeth (#5)
– 3) Snout – the pig’s nose used for smelling & digging (#4)
– 4) Ear – organs used for hearing. May be called Pinnae (#1 & #2)
External/Trunk Region• B) Trunk – the midsection of a
mammal. It is broken into 2 sections, the thorax (upper trunk) & abdomen (lower trunk).
– Legs- front & hind. Used for movement
– Umbilicus (umbilical chord) – small tube that connects the fetus to the mother’s uterus. Used to feed the baby in the womb.(#6)
– Nipples – on males & females, but often more on the female pig. Used to feed the young milk. (#10)
– Reproductive organs – For reproducing. • a) Male- penis & scrotal sac.
(May not be outwardly visible.) (#9)
• b) Female – Vagina– Anus – pore used for eliminating
solid waste from the body. (May be considered part of the tail region as well.(#11)
External/Tail
• Tail – the back of some species. A tail can be used for anything from swatting pests & grasping objects to attracting mates & distracting predators.
The Internal Structures
• All internal structures will be put into body systems.
• The systems will include:– Digestive/Excretory– Urogenital/Reproductive– Respiratory– Circulatory– Nervous – Skeletal– Muscular*Not all systems or organs will be mentioned
Digestive/Excretory Systems• Digestive/Excretory system – converts food to energy
for the body’s use & removes waste from the body.– Liver – organ that removes waste from some
foods. (detoxification) It also stores bile. Usually brown.
– Diaphragm – muscle between abdominal & thoracic cavities that separates them & puts pressure on lungs & esophagus.
– Tongue – taste organ with 4 taste buds on it. ( sweet, sour, salty, bitter)
– Esophagus – muscular tube behind the tongue that connects mouth to stomach.
– Stomach – stores & digests food using enzymes & stomach acids.
– Small intestine – smaller tube that connects stomach to large intestine beginning of waste removal (excretory system).
– Large intestine – also called colon. Waste removal is its function.
– Rectum – a muscle at the end of the large intestine that pushes feces (solid waste from the body) out.
– Anus – an external feature but a pore where the waste leaves the body.
– Gall bladder – small greenish structure behind the liver. It contains bile & helps detoxify food.
– Spleen – connected to the stomach. It makes white blood cells so it is actually part of the circulatory system. Long & thin.
– Pancreas – in the mesentery (web-like connective tissue) behind stomach. Usually it is gray & bumpy & has enzymes that aid in digestion.
Urogenital & Reproductive Systems• Urogenital & Reproductive systems – to remove
liquid waste & reproduce offspring• Urogenital
– Kidney – bean shaped organ on the wall of the back that removes excess salt, H2O, & urea (nitrogen waste) from the blood.
– Ureter – small tubes that empty the kidneys to the bladder.
– Bladder – the bulb-like sac organ that stores urine until it is ready to be removed.
– Urethra – a tube that empties urine from the bladder out of body.
• Male reproductive system– Penis- male reproductive organ– Scrotum – sac that protects the testes.– Testes – 2 male oval organs that produce
sperm.• Female reproductive system
– Vagina – female reproductive organ.– Ovaries – 2 small round organs attached to
the back produce egg cells.– Oviduct (Fallopian tube) – 2 tubes that
connect ovaries to the Uterus for fertilization. Pig has Uterine horns (extensions that help mammals with multiple births).
– Uterus – a sac where fertilization takes place & the fetus is nurtured. The Urinary System
Respiratory System
• Respiratory system – brings in oxygen & removes carbon dioxide.– Mouth- where air
enters. Tongue & teeth are in the mouth.
– Pharynx – a cavity that has the organs for breathing.• Larynx – voicebox• Trachea – windpipe.
Ringed cartilage.– Lungs – 2 organs that
exchange gases.
Circulatory System
• Circulatory system - transports, blood, oxygen, & nutrients to the body.
– Blood vessels – carry blood• Veins –smaller blood
vessels bring blood back to the heart from the body. This blood contains little or no oxygen.
• Arteries- larger blood vessels that carry blood with oxygen from the heart to the body.
• Capillaries – small connecting blood vessels.
– Heart- muscular organ that pumps blood to the body.
Nervous System
• Nervous System – controls body’s senses functions, & actions. – Brain – the organ that
controls all the body’s functions, the nerve center.
– Spinal Chord – nervous tissue behind the backbone. Like an electrical wire to the rest of the body. Sends signals from brain to body’s nerves.
Skeletal System
• Skeletal system – Protection, movement, & support.
• All bones (humans 206) & cartilages (soft bone) are part of this system