FELINE

FACIAL MUSCLES

Muscles of the lips and cheeksMuscles of the noseMuscles of the eyelidsMuscles of the external ear

MUSCLES OF THE LIPS & CHEEKSNAME INNERVATION

ORIGIN INSERTION FUNCTION

Orbicular m. of the mouthFacial nerve, buccolabial branches

Circular muscles Closes the opening of the mouth(rima oris)

Incisive m.Facial nerve, buccolabial branches-upper incisive m.-lower incisive m.

Alveolar arch Orbicular m. of the mouth

-Raises the upper lip-Pulls lower lip down

Nasolabial levator m.Facial nerve,zygomatic branches

Forehead, lateral surface of the nasal & maxillary bones

Orbicular m. of the mouth near the nasal aperture

Raises the upper lip & widens opening of nostrils

NAME INNERVATION

ORIGIN INSERTION FUNCTION

Levator muscles of the upper lip(levator labii superiolis)Facial nerves,buccolabial branches

Variably on the maxillary bones(Rostral to infraorbital foramen)

Upper lip Raises & draws back upper lip & nasal plane

Canine muscleFacial nerves,buccolabial branches

Rostrally on the facial crest & on the facial tuberosity

Upper lip near the nasal aperture

Widens external nostrils & draws back upper lip

NAME INNERVATION

ORIGIN INSERTION FUNCTION

Depressor muscles of the upper lipFacial nerves,buccolabial branches

Facial tuberosity Upper lip Pulls upper lip down

Depressor muscles lower lipFacial nerve,buccolabial branches

Maxillary tuberosity Lower lip Pulls lower lip down

Levator muscles of chinFacial nerve & buccolabial branches

On the lateral surface of the alveolar border of the mandible

Radiates into chin Movement of the chin

NAME INNERVATION

ORIGIN INSERTION FUNCTION

Zygomatic musclesFacial nerve ,zygomatic branches

Zygomatic bone Orbicular oris m. of the mouth

Draws back the angle of the mouth

Buccinator musclesFacial nerve , buccolabial

Rostral border of messeter muscle

Angle of the mouth •Narrows cheek pouch• lateral boundary of oral cavity• interwoven rostrally with the obicularis

muscle fibres

Muscles of the eyelidsNAME INNERVATION

ORIGIN INSERTION FUNCTION

Orbicular m. of the eyeFacial n., zygomatic branch

Circular m. of the eye

Closes the palpebral fissure

Levator m. of the medial angle of the eyeFacial n., zygomatic branch

Nasofrontal fascia Medial on the eye lid

Elevate of the medial part of the eye lid

NAME INNERVATION

ORIGIN INSERTION FUNCTION

Retractor m. of the lateral angle of the eyeFacial n., zygomatic branch

Temporal fascia Lateral palpebral angle

Retractor of the lateral palpebral angle

Malar m.Facial n., buccolabial branch

Facial fascia Lower eye lid Draws lower eye lid downward

AURICULAR MUSCLESNAME INNERVATION

ORIGIN INSERTION FUNCTION

M. Cervicoauricularis superficialis

Dorsal median raphe of the neck

Dorsal (convex) surface of the auricular cartilage

Long elevator muscle of the ear

M. cervicoscutularis Dorsal median raphe of the neck

Caudomedial part of scutiform cartilage

Elevates the ear & tenses the scutiform cartilage

Mm. cervicoauricularis

External sagittal crest

Lateral border of the auricular cartilage

Turns the opening (conchal fissure) of the auricular cartilage caudolaterally

M. Cervicoauricularis superficialis

M. Cervicoscutularis (3)

Mm. cervicoauricularis

NAME INNERVATION

ORIGIN INSERTION FUNCTION

M. occipitalis External sagittal crest

Superficial fascia of the head

Draws the scutiform cartilage caudomedially

M. interscutularis Transverse fibres passing between the 2 scutiform cartilages

Draws the scutiform cartilages medially

M. frontoscutularis Rostral continuation of the m. interscutularis

Draws the scutiform cartilages rostromedially

M. Interscutularis (6)

M. frontoscutularis

NAME INNERVATION

ORIGIN INSERTION FUNCTION

M. Scutuloauricularis superfacialis

Scutiform cartilage Rostral border of the auricular cartilage

Turns the auricular cartilage so that its opening (conchal fissure) faces rostromedially, erects the ear

M. parotidoauricularis

Parotid fascia and superfacial fascia of the cranial neck

Ventrolateral at the base of the auricular cartilage

Draws the ear down, lays the ear ‘back’

M. mandibuloauricularis

Caudal margin of the ramus of the mendible ventral to the condyle

Ventral at the base of the auricular cartilage

M. Scutuloauricularis superfacialis & M. parotidoauricularis

MANDIBULAR MUSCLES

Muscles of masticationSuperficial m. of the mandibular space

Muscles of masticationNAME INNERVATION

ORIGIN INSERTION FUNCTION

Masseter m.Masseteric n.of the mandibular n.

Facial crest & zygomatic arch

Lateral surface of the mandible & intermandubular region

Raises & draws mandible sidewards

Lateral pterygoid m.Branch to lateral pterygoid from the mandibular n.

Pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone

Medial surface of the mandible & the condylar process

Raises, pushes & draws forward the mandible

Medial pterygoid m.Branch to medial pterygoid from the mandibular n.

Pterygoid process of the sphenoid, pterygoid bone & the perpendicular plate

Medial surface of the mandible

Raises mandible

NAME INNERVATION

ORIGIN INSERTION FUNCTION

Temporal m.Deep temporal n. from the mandibular n.

Temporal fossa Coronoid process of the mandible

Raises mandible in order to close the mouth

Superficial m. of the mandibular space

NAME INNERVATION ORIGIN INSERTION FUNCTION

Digastric m.Rostral part:Nerve to mylohyoid from the mandibular n.Caudal part:Digastric branch from the facial n.

Paracondylar process

Medial of the body on the mandible

Draws mandible downwards, opens the mouth

Occipitomandibular portionDigastric branch from the facial n.

Paracondylar process

Angle of the mandible

Opens the mouth

Mylohyoid m.Branch to mylohyoid from the mandibular n.

Mylohyoid line Median raphe Supports & lifts the tongue

MUSCLES OF THE UPPER BACK, SHOULDER, & BACK OF NECK

NAME INNERVATION

ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION

LATISSIMUS DORSIA superficial ,flat,triangular muscle extending from the middorsal line to the medial surface of the humerus; a portion of this muscle is covered dorsally by a smaller triangular muscle, the spinotrapezius

Neural spines of fourth thoracic to sixth lumbar vertebrae and lumbodorsal fascia

Medial surface of humerus

Retracts humerus dorsally and posterior

SpinotapeziusA triangular superficisial muscle overlying the latissimus dorsi in the middle dorsal region

Spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae and spines of cervical vertebrae

Fascia of scapula Draws scapula medially and posteriorly toward the tail

AcromiotrapeziusA flat superficial muscles covering the scapula

Spinous process of axis to third thoracic vertebrae

Metacromion process and spine of scapula

Draws scapula medially

Name of innervation

origin insertion function

ClavotrapeziusA flat superficial muscle on the dorsal surface of the neck

Superficial nuchal line and median dorsal line of neck

clavicle Draws clavicle dorsally and anteriorly

Levator scapulae ventralisA longitudinal band of muscle on the side of the neck : between the clavortrapezius and acromitrapezius

Transverse occipital bone and process of atlas

Metacromion process of scapula spine

Draws scapula cranially

SupraspinatusA thick muscle occupying the supraspinous fossa of the scapula : lies deep to the acromiotrapezius

Supraspinous fossa of scapula

Greater tubercle of humerus

Draws humerus cranially

NAME OF INNERVATION

ORIGIN INSERTION FUNCTION

InfraspinatusA muscle occupying the infraspinous fossa of the scapula : lies deep to acromiotrapezius

Infraspinous of scapula

Greater tubercle of humerus

Rotates humerus laterally

ClavodeltoidA superficial muscle of the shoulder : continoues with the clavotrapezius at its proximal end : extend into the arm

Clavotrapezius and clavicle

Proximal end of ulna Flexes forearms

AcromiodeltoidA muscle posterior to the clavodeltoid : its distal portion lies under the clavodeltoid

Acromion process of scapula

Deltoid ridge of humerus

Raises and rotates humerus with spinoldeltoid

NAME INNERVATION ORIGIN INSERTION FUNCTION

SpinodeltoidA band of m. posterior to the acromiodeltoid & levator scapulae ventralis

Scapular spine Deltoid ridge of humerus

Raises & rotates humerus

RhomboideusA narrow, elongated m. located beneath the clavo- & acromiotrapezius; seperated into 2 parts, capitis(cranial portion) & caudalis(caudal portion)

Cervical spines to midthoracic spines

Medial border of scapula

Draws the scapula medially toward the vertebral column

MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMINAL WALLNAME INNERVATION

ORIGIN INSERTION FUNCTION

External obliqueA superficial sheet of m. forming the outermost m. of the abdominal wall

Lumbodorsal fascia & posterior ribs

Linea alba by way of aponeurosis

Consticts abdomen

Internal obliqueA sheeetlike m. immediately beneath the external oblique; its m. fibers run in a diff. direction from those of external oblique

Lumbodorsal fascia & border of pelvic girdle

Aponeurosis to linea alba

Compresses abdomen

NAME INNERVATION

ORIGIN INSERTION FUNCTION

Transversus abdominisSheet of m. beneath the fleshy portion of the internal oblique; fibers run in a transverse direction

Similar to internal oblique

Similar to internal oblique

Compresses abdomen

Rectus abdominisA superficial longitudinal band of m. lying immediately lateral to the midventral line of abdomen

Anterior portion of pubic symphysis

Sternum & costal cartilages

Retracts ribs & sternum & compresses abdomen

MUSCLES OF THE UPPER ARMNAME INNERVATION

ORIGIN INSERTION FUNCTION

EpitrochlearisA flat superficial m. on the medial side of humerus

Lateral surface of latissimus dorsi

Olecranon process of ulna

Extends forearm

Biceps brachiiA m. lying on the ventromedial surface of the humerus; it can be more easily seen by transecting & reflecting the pectoralis muscles near the humerus; has medial & lateral heads

Glenoid fossa of scapula

Radius Flexes forearm

NAME INNERVATION

ORIGIN INSERTION FUNCTION

Triceps brachii longusA muscle covering the posterior surface of the humerus

Axillary border of scapula

Olecranon process of ulna

Extends forearm

Triceps brachii lateralisA band of m. covering the lateral surface of the humerus

Greater tuberosity of humerus

Olecranon process of ulna

Extends forearm

NAME INNERVATION

ORIGIN INSERTION FUNCTION

Triceps brachii medialisA m. lying deep to the triceps brachii lateralis (transect the triceps lateralis to see the triceps medialis)

Shaft of humerus Olecranon process of ulna

Extends forearm

BrachialisA m. lying along the outer lateral surface of the humerus; it can be exposed by transecting & reflecting the lateral head of the triceps

Lateral surface of humerus

Ulna Flexes forearm

MUSCLE OF FOREARM, LATERAL SURFACENAME OF INNERVATION

ORIGIN INSERTION FUNCTION

BrachiaoradialisThe most superior ribbonlike muscle of the forearm group

Middle of the humerus of dorsal surface

Distal end of radius Supinator of hand

Extensor carpi radialisNarrow band of muscle that lies superior to the extensor digitorum communis ; has 2 heads-short and long

Middle of humerus Attachment by means of tendon to second and third metacarpals

Extends hand

22. externsor carpi radialis longus 23. extensor carpi radialis brevis 24. extensor digitorum communis 25. extensor digitorum lateralis 26. extensor carpi ulnaris 27. radial nerve 28. extensor digitorum communis tendons 29. extensor digitorum lateralis tendons

16. triceps brachii (long head) 17. triceps brachii (lateral head) 18. triceps brachii (medial head) 19. brachialis 20. epitrochlearis21. brachioradialis 22. externsor carpi radialis longus 23. extensor carpi radialis brevis 24. extensor digitorum communis

NAME OF INNERVATION

ORIGIN INSERTION FUNCTION

Extensor digitorum communisA thin muscle that lies superior to the extensor digitorum lateralis

Latyeral surface of humerus

Attachment by means of tendons to third and fourth digits

Extends third and fourth digits

Extensor digitorum lateralisA long wedge-shaped muscle that lies superior to the extensor carpi ulnaris

Lateral surface of humerus

Attachment by means of tendons to third to fourth digits

Extends third and fourth

22. externsor carpi radialis longus 23. extensor carpi radialis brevis 24. extensor digitorum communis 25. extensor digitorum lateralis 26. extensor carpi ulnaris 27. radial nerve 28. extensor digitorum communis tendons 29. extensor digitorum lateralis tendons

16. triceps brachii (long head) 17. triceps brachii (lateral head) 18. triceps brachii (medial head) 19. brachialis 20. epitrochlearis21. brachioradialis 22. externsor carpi radialis longus 23. extensor carpi radialis brevis 24. extensor digitorum communis

NAME OF INNERVATION

ORIGIN INSERTION FUNCTION

Extensor carpi ulnarisA long muscle that form the most inferior portion of the lateral forearm

Semilunar notch and lateral epicondyle of humerus

Proximal portion of fifth metacarpal

Extend fifth digit and ulna side of wrist

22. externsor carpi radialis longus 23. extensor carpi radialis brevis 24. extensor digitorum communis 25. extensor digitorum lateralis 26. extensor carpi ulnaris 27. radial nerve 28. extensor digitorum communis tendons 29. extensor digitorum lateralis tendons

16. triceps brachii (long head) 17. triceps brachii (lateral head) 18. triceps brachii (medial head) 19. brachialis 20. epitrochlearis21. brachioradialis 22. externsor carpi radialis longus 23. extensor carpi radialis brevis 24. extensor digitorum communis

MUSCLE OF FOREARM, MEDIAL SURFACE

NAME OF INNERVATION

ORIGIN INSERTION FUNCTION

Protonator teresA short wedge-shaped muscle that lies above the flexorCarpi radialis

Medial epicondyle of humerus

Medial surface of radius

Pronates hand (rotates radius)

Flexor carpi radialisLarge narrow muscle that lies above the palmaris longus

Medial epicondyle of humerus

Second and thiord metacarpals

Flexes second and third metacarpals

NAME OF INNERVATION

ORIGIN INSERTION FUNCTION

Palmaris longusLargest of the medial forearm group: lies above the flexor carpi ulnaris

Medial epicondyle of humerus

Attachment by means of tendons to all digits

Flexes digits

Flexor carpi ulnarisA large band of muscle that covers the medial surface of the ulna

To heads-medial epicondyle of humerus and olecranon process

Pisiform bone of wrist

Flexes digits

MUSCLE OF THE THIGH, DORSAL ASPECT NAME OF INNERVATION

ORIGIN INSERTION FUNCTION

Tensor fasciae lataeA triangular muscle on the lateral side of the hip medial to the tough white fascias(fascia lata) covering the anterior portion of the thigh

Illium and facia Fascia lata Thighens fascia lata, extends thigh

Biceps fimorisA large thick muscle covering the lateral surface of the thigh, caudal to the tensor fascia latae: one of the hamstring muscles

Tuberosity of ischium

Patella to shaft the tibia

Abducts thigh and flexes shank

NAME OF INNERVATION

ORIGIN INSERTION FUNCTION

CaudofemoralisA small muscle cranial to the dorsal potion of the biceps femors

Tranverse processes of second and third caudal vertebrae

Patella Abducts thigh, extend shank

Gluteus maximusA small muscle cranial to the caudofemoralis

Fascia nad transverse processes of last sacral and first caudal vertebrae

Pascia lata and slightly on greater trochanter

Abducts thigh

NAME OF INNERVATION

ORIGIN INSERTION FUNCTION

Gluteus mediusA thick muscle dorsal to the tensor fasciae latae

Crest and lateral surface of illium

Greater trochanter Abducts thigh

MUSCLE OF THE THIGH, VENTRAL ASPECT

NAME OF INNERVATION

ORIGIN INSERTION FUNCTION

SartoriusA flat superficial band of muscle covering the lateral ventral portion of the thigh

Crest and ventral border of illium

Proximal end of tibia

Adducts and rotates thigh, extend shank

GracilisA flat superficial band of muscle covering the medial ventral portion of the thigh

Pubic symphysis and ischium

Aponeorosis to tibia

Adducts and retracts leg

NAME INNERVATION

ORIGIN INSERTION FUNCTION

Vastus lateralisThis large m. can be seen better from the dorsal aspect; it is covered by the fascia lata of the tensor fasciae latae m.

Greater trochanter & shaft of femur

Patella & patellar ligament

Extends shank

Rectus femorisAn elongated m. bordered laterally by the vastus lateralis & medially by the vastus medialis

Ilium anterior to acetabulum

Patella & patellar ligament

Extends shank

NAME INNERVATION

ORIGIN INSERTION FUNCTION

Vastus intermediusA flat m. deep to the rectus femoris

Shaft of femur Patella & patellar ligament

Extends shank

Vastus medialisA band of m. on the medial portion of the thigh, deep to the sartorius

Femur Patella Extends shank

Adductor longusA narrow m. band lying lateral to the adductor femoris

Pubis Femur Adducts thigh

NAME INNERVATION ORIGIN INSERTION FUNCTION

Adductor femorisA m. deep to the gracilis, proximal to the trunk of the cat

Inferior rami of pubis & ischium

Shaft of femur Adducts thigh

SemimembranosusA large thick m. deep to the gracilis, caudal to the adductor femoris; one of the hamstring m.

Ischium Medial epicondyle of femur

Extends thigh

SemitendinosusA stout band of m. caudal to the semimembranosus; more easily seen from the ventral surface; 1 of the hamstring m.

Ischial tuberosity Proximal end of tibia

Flexes shank

MUSCLES OF THE LOWER LEGNAME INNERVATION

ORIGIN INSERTION FUNCTION

Tibialis anteriorA thin m. lying along the lateral border of the tibia

Proximal portion of tibia

First metatarsal Flexes foot

Flexor digitorum longusAn elongated m. running medial to the tibialis anterior

Posterior surface of tibial shaft below popliteal line

Distal phalanx of toes

Flexes & inverts foot

Extensor digitorum longusA flat spindle shaped m. lying ventrolateral to the tibialis anterior m.

Tibia & fibula All 4 digits Extends phalanges

NAME INNERVATION

ORIGIN INSERTION FUNCTION

Peroneus(fibularis) longusA slender cylinder shape muscles located on the lateral surface of the leg

Head of fibula,lateral condyle of tibia

Metatarsals and digit

Extends foot and flexes phalenges

GastrocnemiusA large muscle lateral to the tibia

Caudal aspect of femur proximal to the condyles(two sesamoid bones included)

Tendon of Achilles on calceneus tuber

Flexes knee,extends foot

Soleus•a flattened muscle lying deep to the gastrocnemius• insignificant in other animals

Lateral portion of fibula

Tendon of Achilles on calcaneus tuber

Plantar flexes foot

Lower Leg (Lateral)

1. Tibialis Anterior 7. Gastrocnemius

2. Extensor Digitorm Longus 8. Biceps Femoris

3. Peroneus Longus 9. Semitendinosus

4. Peroneus Brevis 10. Semimembranosus

5. Peroneus Tertius 11. Adductor Femoris

6. Soleus 12. Vastus Lateralis

Lower Leg (Medial)

1. Gastrocnemius2. Plantaris3. Soleus4. Flexor Digitorum Longus5. Tibia (Bone)6. Tibialis Anterior7. Calcaneus Tendon (Achilles Tendon)

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