federal reserve

LIVING LAB NYC: ADVANCING LIGHTING CONTROLS

IN ICONIC OFFICE TOWERS MAY 6, 2015 12:15PM

Living Labs NYC:

Advanced Lighting Controls in Iconic Office Towers

6 May 2015 | LightFair 2015

Yetsuh Frank Managing Director, Building Energy Exchange

Tim GuarnieriRegional Director, Bank of America

Cindy QuanSenior Vice President, Goldman Sachs

Steve SelkowitzSenior Advisor, Lawrence Berkeley Lab

Learning Objectives

•  Understanding the opportunities and

challenges of implementing retrofits of advanced lighting and shading systems and controls in occupied office spaces.

•  The different types and appropriate applications of advanced lighting and shading systems, including high efficiency lighting, shades, controls, extended daylight penetration, tuning, occupancy.

•  How metered and measured demonstration projects can advance wider implementation of advanced controls, including evaluation of energy use, occupant satisfaction, maintenance, and other factors.

•  The tools and techniques to advance the market transfer and widespread adoption of versatile and energy efficient advanced lighting, daylighting, and shading retrofit systems and controls.be-exchange.org

Session Agenda

• Context• NYC Opportunities• National Perspective

• Living Lab• Goals and Process• Innovators• Next Steps • Innovation/Integration

• Questions

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ContextNew York City

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CONTEXT

Interior Lighting:

largest electric end use

Per Con Ed 2010 Energy Efficiency Potential Study be-exchange.org

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Illuminating Change - Living Labs for Advanced Controls Building Energy Exchange LIGHTFAIR Presentation - May 6, 2015

New York City: New Laws will Drive Massive Retrofit Activity

Unique opportunity of enormous magnitude

•  Local Law 88 - 2009 requires lighting upgrades in all large commercial buildings

•  Affects 1.25 billion sf•  New tech prices dropping rapidly

•  Local Law 84 – Benchmarking law effects 2.5 bsf

•  New Codes are becoming more stringent

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CONTEXTADVISORY GROUP

Mark Ambrosone, Vornado

Candace Damon, HR&A

Elizabeth Donoff, Architectural Lighting

Magazine

Jonathan Flaherty, Tishman Speyer

Chris Garvin, Cook + Fox

Russell Leslie, Lighting Research Center

Hayden McKay, HLB Lighting Design

Chris Meek, Integrated Design Lab

Michael Mehl, JB&B

Jean Savitsky, JLL

Stephen Selkowitz, Lawrence Berkeley

National Labs

Byron Stigge, Level Infrastructure

Marsha Walton, NYSERDA

BEEx Daylight Potential Report

CO-AUTHORSAdam Hinge

Yetsuh Frank

Richard Yancey

STEERING COMM

Ashok Gupta, NRDC

Laurie Kerr, NYC Mayor’s Office of

Long Term Planning &

Sustainability

REPORT SPONSOR

Natural Resources Defense Council

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The scale of NYC’s office market is

unique

LET THERE BE DAYLIGHT

Office space in major US CBD’sbe-exchange.org

Lighting: big

contributor to Peak Demand


Electric Lighting Demand & Building Peak Demandbe-exchange.org

Significant Savings Potential

TECHNICAL POTENTIAL


Potential Savings of NYC Office Space with Daylighting Controls

•  160 MW Electric Demand

= 16 Empire State Buildings

•  340 GWh electricity savings

= More than all private office space in Albany Central Business District

•  $70 million annual cost saving

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PersistentChallenges

•  Doing it right is not easy…•  … and can be expensive•  Many existing projects are not

working as intended•  Occupants and building

operators often don’t understand systems

CHALLENGES

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BUT these can be overcome

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Must be cost effective

Combine key features in a

“systems package”

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THE PATH FORWARD

Lighting•  Granular control•  Addressable control•  Dimmable light levels•  Easy installation•  Maintainable

Shading•  Responsive•  “Optics”•  Install/maintain/calibrate

BEExGame Plan

Three Phases2013-14: Select Demo Projects2015-16: Strategic Incentives2017-18: Broader Deployment

THE PATH FORWARD GLNY GAME PLAN

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Case Study:Related Offices Lighting Retrofit

•  Less then 10 years old

• State of the art when built

• Peak Demand reduced from

70 kW to 30 kW

•  55% reduction in lighting energy

•  3.3 year payback after utility rebate

OVERCOMING CHALLENGES

TIME WARNER CENTER

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OVERCOMING CHALLENGES

TIME WARNER CENTER

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55% reduction in lighting

energy

(c)2013 Related!

ContextNational Perspective

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CONTEXT

Single component or isolated system measures

Current Design Paradigm

Integrated Building Systems Approach

Multi-system integrated Energy Efficiency Measures

National Trends: Moving from “Widgets” to “Integrated Systems Design”:

Promise: Bigger Savings at Lower Cost

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Good Lighting Controls Worked in 1990 (Daylight Dimming) – Why Not Today?

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Day of Year 1990

kWh/12 hr/zoneDaily Energy Use (6 A.M to 6 P.M.)

Data from advanced lighting controls demonstration in Emeryville, CA (1990) !!! Energy Use before retrofit: After retrofit: South zone: North zone:

40-60% Savings

40-80% Savings

But Dimming is only 3% of lighting sales!

LBNL Advanced Façade Testbed Facility

2007$2015!Automated/Shading;/

/

Daylight/Redirec<ng;/

/

Integrated/PV/and/storage/

2003$2006!Electrochromic/

windows/

•  Berkeley,/South/facing/3/Rooms/

•  Changeable/façade/•  Ligh<ng,/HVAC/•  Heavily/instrumented/•  Sta<c/Dynamic/•  Occupant/Studies/•  Controls/Automa<on/

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full power Percent ofdaywindow >2000cd/sqm

LPD (W/sf)

Automated/systems/deliver/excellent/energy/savings/and/comfort!

Manual vs Auto Shading Impact on “Annual Lighting Use”, Visual Comfort

0.57 W/sf 0.34 W/sf

0.31 W/sf

10% of day = 1.2 hours

•  Automated Shading •  Dimmable lighting

• Addressable, Granular • Tunable

Getting Integrated Systems Solution That Works at Scale NY Times: Intelligent Lighting, Shade Control, UFAD

(Design: 2003; Field Energy Measurement 2013)

New York Times office with dimmable lights and automated shading Occupied 2007

NY Times Testbed: Optimize: Physical & Virtual

2

18 17 Simulated Views from 3 of 22 view positions

Phase 1: Physical Testbed, 18 month field study •  Evaluate Shading, daylighting, employee feedback and

constructability in a +5000 sf testbed

•  Fully instrumented; 1 year testing

Phase 2: Virtual Model, extend measured data •  Extend Test Data: more Orientations and Floor Levels •  Shade Control Algorithms for Motorized Shades Developed

using Simulation •  Built a virtual model of the building in its urban context

using hourly weather data to simulate performance

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Lights!On!5am!–!10!PM!+!Night!Cleaning!Crew!

Off!

Off!

Time/

Power/

New York Times Building Energy Monitoring and Post Occupancy Evaluation

Lighting Control Systems: On/off: Scheduling!

!

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New York Times Building Energy Monitoring and Post Occupancy Evaluation

Lighting Control Systems: On/off: Scheduling, Occupancy

Dimming: Setpoint Tuning, Daylight, Demand Response !!

The “Headlines” from The New York Times Building

2003: Building designed to save energy, satisfy occupants •  Shading systems and lighting control systems were rigorously

developed and evaluated in a full scale test bed •  Owners engaged key systems suppliers via performance specs

2013: Systems (dimming, shading, UFAD) worked well

•  Compared to a similar Code-compliant building: •  56% lighting energy savings •  24% total energy savings •  21-25% reduction in summer peak demand •  Economic Paybacks appear very reasonable •  Overall Occupant Satisfaction is high

•  All-glass building!! But with “Integrated Building Systems”

Annual Lighting Energy Use Intensity GSA Green Proving Ground (GPG) Projects:

Install, Test, Evaluate Promising Efficiency Measures in GSA Buildings

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2

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Energy Use Intensity

(kWh/sf-yr)

Building Site

13 Sites with Fluorescent Controls 3 Sites with LED Controls

Pre-retrofit

Post-retrofit LED Controls

Rubinstein!et!al!2014,!2015!

Lighting Performance: 3 metrics GSA Green Proving Ground Projects

Rubinstein!et!al!2014,!2015!

3.0

1.6

0

1

2

3

4

5

Pre-retrofit Post-retrofit

Energy Use Intensity (kWh/sf-

yr)

43% decrease

•  Lighting Energy Use Intensity •  kWh/sf-yr

36 39

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10

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Pre-retrofit Post-retrofit

Light Levels

(lumens/sf)

•  Light Levels, fc

•  Power density: .96 1.06 •  W/sf

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

GPG Lighting Project: Sample Data LED + Tuning + Schedule + Occupancy + Daylight

The Living Lab Demonstration Project

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BEEx- LBNL Living Lab

Project

Funding:• US Department of Energy

• NYSERDA

• Scherman Foundation

• Significant Host Site Cost Share

LIVING LABS

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Project

Advanced Lighting Living Labs:• Multiple solution sets on

occupied “lab” floor

• Use “State of the Shelf” technology

•  Test with M&V and Occupant Surveys

• Deploy proven solutions widely

•  Tech Transfer: Virtual Case Studies; training; programs

• Advocate tailored incentives

LIVING LABS

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Project

Technology Selection Process

•  LBNL Tech Research

•  Technology RFI based on broad Performance Specification

• Short proposal evaluation

•  Full proposal evaluation

• Negotiate hard, soft and install costs

•  Install/Commission

LIVING LABS

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BEEx - LBNL

Living Lab Project

Technology SelectionRFI Performance Specs

•  Task surface: 30 fc

•  LPD tiers: 75%, 50% reduction (per ASHRAE 90.1-2010)

•  Lighting energy use tiers 2.0, 1.5, 1.0 kWh/SF/Year

• Daylight, Occupancy, Tuning, Sched’g

• Addressable: from zone to each fixture

• GUI, Support, Cx

LIVING LABS

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BEEx - LBNL

Living Lab Project

Technology SelectionEvaluation Criteria

• Relevance to project objectives

• Maturity

•  Technical merit

• Risk

• Experience

• Costs/Benefits

• Market impact potential

LIVING LABS

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BENEFITS

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Typical Building PaybackLIVING LAB

Controls + Fixtures +ShadingCalculated payback (years) 4 5 12 Ten year rate of return 41.4% 13.9% 2.6%

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BENEFITS Projected Savings Breakdown

LIVING LAB

Tuning, 50%

Occupancy Sensors,

30%

Daylighting, 20%

Savings from Controls

Savings from

fixtures, 30%

Savings from

controls, 44%

Post-retrofit energy

use, 26%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1

Potential Energy Savings Breakdown


Innovators

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INNOVATORS

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THE PATH FORWARD

One Bryant Park

Bank of AmericaOne Bryant Park, Opened in 2009

1st LEED Platinum Skyscraper

Scale:•  2.35-million-square-feet•  51 stories

Uses:•  Stephen Sondheim Theatre•  Trading Floor•  Office Space

INNOVATORS

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THE PATH FORWARD

One Bryant Park

Bank of America

Environmental features include:•  4.6 MW Co-Generation Plant

•  Rainwater Harvesting

•  Gray-water filtering

•  Thermal Ice storage

INNOVATORS

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THE PATH FORWARD

One Bryant Park

Bank of America

Why be part of the Living Lab?•  To reinforce Environmental

Commitment in Flagship Property

•  To demo state-of-shelf technology

•  To explore whole tower retrofit options

•  To potentially replicate into larger portfolio

Living Labs

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THE PATH FORWARD

One Bryant Park

Bank of America ProposedTechnologies

AREA B1Controls: Lutron (DALI)

AREA B2No changes planned

AREA B3Controls: Encelium Wireless (0-10V)

BOA TECHNOLOGIES

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LIVING LABS

AREA B1

AREA B3

AREA B2

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INNOVATORS

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LIVING LAB

Goldman Sachs & Co.200 West Street, Completed 2009

LEED Gold Building Scale:•  2.1-million-square-feet•  43 stories Uses:•  Trading Floors•  Office Space•  Auditorium

200 West Street

INNOVATORS

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LIVING LAB

Goldman Sachs & Co.Environmental features include:•  Automated shading and perimeter

daylight dimming

•  Under floor air distribution systems

•  Ice storage

•  Cooling tower optimization

200 West Street

INNOVATORS

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LIVING LAB

Goldman Sachs & Co.Why be part of the Living Lab?

•  To demo state of the shelf technology

•  To explore innovative fixture options

•  To improve lighting/shading integration

•  To get guidance for new projects

200 West Street

THE PATH FORWARD

One Bryant Park

Goldman Sachs Proposed Technologies

(not yet confirmed)

GS - TECHNOLOGIES LIVING LABS

AREA G1Controls: Encelium (0-10v, wired)Shades: MechoSystems (automated, existing)Fixtures: Neoray S23

AREA G2Controls: Crestron (DALI, wired) Shades: Lutron (automated)Fixtures: Fluxwerx ‘Profile’

AREA G3Controls: Lutron (wired, DALI)Shades: Lutron (automated)Fixtures: Selux M36 / Peerless

AREA G4Controls: Enlighted (wireless)Shades: MechoSystems (automated, existing)Fixtures: Philips ‘MicroSquare’

INTERIOR OFFICE FIXTURESPhilipsFocal Point

G3

G1 G2

G4

BENEFITS

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One Bryant Park Projected Savings

LIVING LAB

Before After

1.071.07

1.73

53%3.68

16.8

6.72

Lighing Peak Demand (kw)

Lighting Power Density (w/sf)(connected)


(kWh/sf/yr)

Lighting Energy Savings

BENEFITS

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200 West Street Projected Savings

LIVING LAB

Before After

.79

1.04

0.83

74%

3.17

22.7

9.1

Lighing Peak Demand (kw)

Lighting Power Density (w/sf)(connected)


(kWh/sf/yr)

Lighting Energy Savings

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Early Lessons

LIVING LABS

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• Myriad Options

• Mid Lease Issues

• Fixed Asset Depreciation

• Monetizing Soft Benefits

• Unfamiliarity = Risk

• New Tech = New Companies


Next Steps

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Project

Next Steps•  Install/Cx

•  Technical Training!  Control typologies!  Functionality!  Costs/Benefits!  Retrofit challenges!  Non-technical challenges

• Reports/Symposia

• Case studies

• Web resources

•  Technology exhibits

LIVING LAB

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NEXT STEPS


Innovation and Integration

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How do we aggressively accelerate… 1.  The learning curve 2.  The adoption curve 3.  Creation of new partnerships for market

impact 4.  Creation of new expectations for market

drivers

Programs Like These Help Define an Innovation Pathway to the Future


Benefits of High Performance Lighting •  Human-centric

–  Visually appealing spaces –  Excellent visual comfort –  Supports visual performance requirements –  Good color rendition –  Lighting tuned to individual needs and task needs

•  Building-centric –  Very low lighting energy use –  Cost effective to operate –  Minimal impact on HVAC energy and peak loads –  Easily adaptable to changing building uses –  Low Maintenance

•  Grid-centric –  Grid responsive –  Resilient systems

•  ….

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Increase Rate of Adoption of

Existing/Emerging Technologies

•  Operational improvements •  Better Design and Selection

Guidance •  New Market channels •  New Voluntary and Mandatory

Programs •  Education: best use for a

particular application (climate, etc.)

Create Pipeline of New Technology Options and Business

Models

•  Incremental improvements to technology available today

•  Performance enhancements but Cost reductions

•  New features •  Breakthrough R&D

•  Innovation- new products, new applications

•  Components " Integrated Systems

10 year View: “Do It Now” + “Do It Better Tomorrow”/

/


Future of Automated Shading and Dimmable Lighting

User Preferences Override

Local Window Luminance

Global Solar Conditions

Load Shedding/ Demand Limiting

Signal

Smart Controller

Building Performance (cost, comfort,

operations)

Dynamic Shading, Glare Control

(active control of daylight, glare, solar gain)

H V A C

Sensors, meters,…

Lighting Controls

(daylight sensor)

Smart Contro

ller

Tuning Setpoints, Occupancy sensing,

Overrides Load Demand Shed

Response


New Tools for Optimizing Lighting Systems Performance and Building Integration:

FLEXLAB: Facility for Low Energy eXperiments in

Buildings


Data acquisition and controls

Interchangeable HVAC systems: air- and water-based

Interchangeable lighting and controls

Interchangeable skylights

Interchangeable façade elements: shading, glazing

Granular sensor, instrumentation and metering system

Reconfigurable, “Kit-of-Parts”


Delivering Answers to Owners and Contractors:

Field Testing in Performance Mockup

Highly Instrumented Office Interior with motorized shading, and dimmable, color tunable LED lighting

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Delivering “Comfort” in Floor Area Adjacent to Windows Snapshot of Field Data on Brightness Measurements and Glare Prediction at Workstations

Snapshot of Electric Light, Daylight and Lighting Energy Use

DOE target: LED/Fixtures/Controls/Shading/Daylight " Integrated systems for very low energy use " Affordable, reliable, deployable at scale

Strategy: Create Open, Interoperable Systems on the “Internet of Things” IOT Platform

BIPV

Facade/Solar!intensity!Daylight,!glare!Shade!posiFon!

Ligh<ng/Occupancy!Illuminance!level!Energy!use!

HVAC/Outdoor!and!indoor!temp!Heat/!cool/!econ!mode!!COP!!

Project Vision •  High Performance: Energy efficiency, comfort,… •  Scalable, Deployable, Affordable

•  Seamless systems interoperability e.g. plug and play •  Dynamic; Intelligent, Responsive/reactive:

•  To changing needs of people, building, grid •  To Time Scale- milliseconds/grid to years/tenant change •  Continuously Optimized system performance •  Resilient in face of unexpected change

•  Value Proposition: Win/Win • Designers- seamless design, integration, no VE surprises •  Contractors- easier to install, commission, •  Owner/Operator- easier to operate; response to churn, rate

hikes •  Occupant: More Local control, occupant-friendly UI • Utilities- energy management opportunith •  Suppliers- x10 increase in market •  Codes/Standards: Outcome-based codes feasible

Active Integrated Perimeter Building Systems

• Year 1: Plan and Refine Program, Partners • Validate Concept, Develop Performance Specs • Build Business Case and Industry Partner Team

• Year 2: Test and Validate IoT Platform • Construct mockup/prototype systems • Evaluate in FLEXLAB testbed • Refine, Optimize Systems Design • Launch, Support Alliance

• Year 3: Demonstrate in Field Test, Occupied Building • High Value, High Visibility building, partner • Enabling tools, data, apps to speed impact…

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Future: Significant Impact Comes Only from Comprehensive Balanced Program To routinely deliver high performance lighting in low-

energy buildings we must find a balance between:

Technology

Process

Solutions fail without this balance

Markets Economics

Policy People

Innovation

Create Mutual Benefits for Lighting Systems in High Performance Buildings

Win-Win Oppportunties: •  New Technology, Smarter Design offers:

• New Business Opportunities • Design freedom and flexibility • Value-added benefits, e.g. better comfort • New performance benefits: e.g. visibility • Modest extra costs, large annual savings • Lower impact on global environment

Manufacturer

Architect Occupant Owner

Society

Make high performance and energy efficiency a market advantage, not an extra cost or a risk

Must Deliver Measurable Savings!

Turn. It. Off. Noon, June 19, 2015

Lower the lights for one hour. Raise awareness. Transform the conversation. Using daylight in your office reduces emissions, improves well-being, and saves money.

2015 PARTICIPATION

•  Durst•  Forest City Ratner•  Rudin•  Tishman Speyer•  Vornado•  NYC Mayor’s Office•  City Council•  Con Ed•  NYPA•  NYSERDA

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Potential Savings•  2014 Daylight Hour equal to: 15,000 miles of Tesla driving•  $1M savings potential if participants used daylight all year•  2015 . . . ?

Yetsuh [email protected]

RESOURCES

Related Offices Case Study

Let There Be Daylighthttp://Bit.ly/glny-ltbd

Stephen [email protected]

RESOURCES

LBL Windowshttp://windows.lbl.gov

Advanced Facades Projecthttp://lowenergyfacades.lbl.gov

Commercial Websitehttp://commercialwindows.org

New York Times Projecthttp://windows.lbl.gov/comm_perf/

newyorktimes.htm

FLEXlab http://flexlab.lbl.gov

Q & A

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