Falling fertility rates on population

Done by :Sumaiah alghamdi 434203445

alobeid Submitted to: Dr. Maie

Content

• Introduction• What is falling fertility?• History of fertility• Records around the world• Reasons behind falling fertility• what is concern people about falling

fertility?• Solutions

Introudction

• as we know that Growing birth rates are very important for a nation for a number of reasons such as greater financial security

• And the Low fertility will affect the economy in bad way but itself is not as bad as falling fertility can be.

• what is falling fertility?  huge decrease in

the ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area.

History of fertility

• Around the turn of 20th century, the fertility rate in the United States was over three. The rate then dropped precipitously following the Great Depression

• Based on this data, it seems obvious that the number of births in the U.S. is tied to the success of the economy. because the economy plays an important role. But a more nuanced explanation is also required.

History of fertility

Record around the world

Record around the world

• America's total fertility rate is around 1.9 babies per woman.

• Some parts of the world are far below 2.1 and may see steep population declines in the future, including China, Japan, Germany, Ukraine and others. The range worldwide is large,: from Niger's 6.89 down to Singapore's 0.8, based on 2014 estimates. At both ends, there are potential benefits and worries

Reasons behind falling fertility

• The declines are partially due to• 1-contraception: which was a

mechanism that facilitated the underlying causes.

• 2- changing value.A generation ago , with the average

woman producing almost four children in 1960 and nearly three as late as 1975-1976. There was, “no divorce, no contraception allowed.” By the 1980s many things changed.

Reasons behind falling fertility

3-the emancipation of women and their increasing participation in the labour force.

4-More Access to EducationOne of the major factors in dictating

how many children a woman is likely to have is how educated that woman is.

Reasons behind falling fertility

5-The instability of many partnerships was also a factor.

Upstream of these factors were economic pressures, industrialization and urbanization. Changing labour markets are demanding increasingly educated and skilled workers, so the cost to parents of raising and educating numerous children becomes prohibitive

Reasons behind falling fertility

6- Having Children LaterMost of the women having children

whene they are older, in the age groups of 30-34, 35-39, and even 40-44. On the other hand, women in the age bracket spanning 20-24 saw their number of births continue to decline.

What is concern people about fertility ?

• It's the change that creates the shock. That's what concerns people.

• Gradually declining population sizes might be ideal for the environment and stability,. Gradually growing populations, on the other hand, might also be good if they generate dynamism and economic growth

• It's a concern in real time for some countries like Europe and East Asia, now experiencing quite low fertility rates, they may soon see their labor forces shrink.

Solutions • In Japan nearly $30 million has been

designated for encouraging marrige.• In Russia, the government directly gives

couples up to $12,500 for having a second child or adopting.

• Many European countries meanwhile, focus on benefits after the baby is born, providing lavish maternity leave or child care.

• The United Sates provides minor tax breaks to women having children.

Conclusion

• Still, as of right now, the issue remains unresolved and a remedy is unclear. Even with birth rates recently back on the rise, in the future the concerns may change from the number of mouths to feed to whether or not we even have enough people to help feed them.

tha main q is What will happen in 50 or 100 years if Very low fertility rates continue???

 

any question?

Thanks

Refrences:

•  Caldwell, John Charles . Theory of fertility decline • http://lawstreetmedia.com/issues/health-science/falling-fertility-impact-d

eclining-birth-rates/• http://www.economist.com/node/14744915• http://www.forbes.com/sites/joelkotkin/2012/05/30/whats-really-behind-

europes-decline-its-the-birth-rates-stupid/