9th European Research Conference

Homelessness in Times of Crisis

Warsaw, Friday 19th September 2014

Factors Influencing the Processes of

Exclusion/Integration experienced by Homeless

People: Relations between the Type of

Intervention and the Processes

Elia María Solana

Universidad Pública de Navarra, Spain

9th European Research Conference

Homelessness in Times of Crisis

Warsaw, Friday 19th September 2014

Issues, current debates

1. Integration processes depending on the social

intervention and profiles. Need for longitudinal

studies.

2. Articulation between structural and personal

factors in processes of integration / exclusion.

3. Autonomy or Institutionalization? Factors

influencing.

9th European Research Conference

Homelessness in Times of Crisis

Warsaw, Friday 19th September 2014

Aims

Relate social intervention - integration processes.

Detect influential factors by quantitative and

qualitative assessment of integration processes.

2 CASE

STUDIES

Methodology

DAY CENTRE

Quantitative process

assessment: needs and

development process

by intervention areas.

RESIDENCE

Qualitative process

assesment: interacting

factors and way of

living

Main source: monitoring

record, also interviews.

Creating tool for recording

information

Main sources:

monitoring record,

meetings, observation

and active

participation.

First Study Case: Centro S. Miguel, a Day

Centre for Homeless

I. Analysis of the type of

intervention

II. Analysis of the processes

experienced by the homeless

Annual average of the number of

interventions

Parallel intervention in housing, economic monitoring, employment and government benefits

Housing area: the highest correlations with the others areas

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Employment Economic monitoring

Government benefits

Rights-SS Housing Mental health

Centers Criminal conduct

Drugs and Alcohol

Number of interventions by gender

Annual average

Number of interventions by origin Annual average

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Men Women

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

National Origin Foreign Origin

77,2

70,2

70,2

47,4

33,3

21,1

17,5

14,0

5,3

5,3

5,3

3,5

Shelter

Street

Flatshare

Guest house

Institution

Prison

Family housing

Substandard housing

Supervised apartment or protected patron

Partner´s housing

Known house-holds

Appartment

Accommodations homeless have lived in during their stay in the Day Centre

% PSH

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Pe

rce

nta

ge

Increase of shared flatsShared flat Appartment or family flat

3,4

4,5

Annual Average by Gender

Women Men

STRONG INSTABILITY

Annual average of

accomodation changes: 3.5

2,4

4,1

Annual average by origin

Foreigners Nationals

Educational Area

Marked gap origin.

It might get a better response:

- Differentiated spaces and several programs according to their needs

- Harm Reduction Program with controlled alcohol consumption for further deterioration profile.

Economic Area

Marked inequality by

gender and origin: less

intervention, signed

agreements and economic

monitoring in immigrants

and in women.

A clear sexual division of

labour

Housing Area

Achievement of intervention: increase in shared flats.

High instability

Worse evolution in

women (greater

deterioration)

Vulnerability of foreign

homeless.

Health Area

- Strong physical and mental deterioration. - Evolution average is negative - Women: more intervention and poorer outcome due to further deterioration - Immigrants: less intervention and less deterioration.

Relationship Area

-Many without familiar links

- Detected relation between

familiar links and be a couple

- More women with a

partner than men.

-Inmigrants: less support

network, conflictivity and

punishable behaviour than

nationals.

- It´s worthy to intervene on

gender violence situations.

Adiction Area

- The treatments show their effectiveness in improving processes.

- Consumption profile: more pronounced in women, less in immigrants

CONCLUSIONS: process assessment

52% 37%

11%

Processes evolution Positive Negative Remains the same

Assessment Average of process by areas

Scale (-1,+1)

Development of PSH is primarily related to the health and housing areas.

Relationship between the number of interventions and achievements in all

areas except in Health.

0,14 0,13

-0,05

0,25

0,11

Economy Housing Health Relations Consumption

Process assesment by areas: better results in men and nationals in all the

analized areas .

Scale (-1, +1)

0,06 0,04

-0,15

0,08

0,04

0,16 0,15

-0,02

0,3

0,14

Economy Housing Health Relations Consumption

Foreign Origin National Origin

0,09

-0,13

-0,21

0,13

0,06

0,15 0,17

-0,02

0,27

0,12

Economy Housing Health Relations Consumption

Women Men

Other factors influencing the

improvement of integration processes

Signing of agreements

Regular attendance

Length of stay in the center

Total number of interviews/contacts

Report of Gender Violence

Having some, but not many family ties.

Second Case Study:

Nazaret Residence for single men

Qualitative study:

Factors by intervention areas: how they affect

and how they interact.

Exemplifying cases.

Questions generated in the intervention.

Qualitative assessment of processes by

intervention areas.

Favorable/unfavorable factors

for independent life

Qualitative description:

15 favourable factors

19 unfavourable factors

Desires of Independent living

Slept desires

Fears Accompaniment

Mates

Vulnerabillity

Loneliness Failure

Motivation

INDEPENDENT

LIVING

€

Independent Living: common features

Ilnes Health: they do not want.

Young immigrant with schizophrenia:

cannot do it.

Alcoholic people: fears.

Economic exclusion and lack of

household: independence and

loneliness.

Conclusions about the integration processes

lived according to the social intervention

Intervention change process change

Accompaniment independence

processes

Plans and agreements: awareness and

involvement-participation.

Difficulty: lack of public resources.

Integrated project promotes mental health

stabilization.

Alcoholism: few achievements and

questions.

Main factors influencing the improvement of

the process of integration in the residence

With regard to the type of intervention:

Social Accompaniment

Signing of agreements

Working in occupational workshop

Coordination

Personal factors:

Motivation and participation.

Economic Area

Lack of resources and

policies for independent

living.

Agreements, economic

monitoring and financial

support favour

processes

Housing Area

Independent living

15 factors favour

19 factors difficult

Health Area

The integrated project favours stability in people with mental illness: - Administration of medication - Occupational Workshop - Home Environment

Consumption Area

Economic management slows down further deterioration process while performing. But after that?

It is required a more specific focus for process improvement.

Relationships

Area

Strong difficulty to

create new social

networks.

The total absence

of network causes

isolation and

depression.

Employment and

occupational Area

Chronicity/stability in

occupational workshop.

Difficulties of access to

work and social

occupational or

employment resources.

Scarce performance of

Social Services in

labour integration.

Lack of resources and

policies for independent

living.

CONCLUSIONS A change in the social intervention involves changing processes of

exclusion/integration: accompaniment generates independence

processes (shared flats in Day Centre and outputs in Residence).

Social accompaniment plans and signing of agreements positively

influence the improvement of the integration processes.

Development of Homeless is primarily related to the health and

housing areas. In the Day Centre, there is a relationship between

the number of interventions and achievements in all areas except in

Health; In the Residence, the integrated project promotes mental

health stabilization.

Men obtain best achievements that women in all analyzed areas,

and nationals better than foreigners (in the Day Centre).