presented by Rick HawrylakJoe Payne  PE  LEED APJoe Payne, PE, LEED AP

PVA Green WatersPVA Green WatersConference

20162016

Id tif t ti lIdentify cost, operational, maintenance andmaintenance, and

environmental benefits of a battery-poweredall-electric ferry

AgendaUnique aspects of EZEferry systemSystem description/arrangementSystem description/arrangementPerformance, reliability, safetyEconomic analysisSummarySummary

EZEferry Teamf yNaval ArchitectSystem Designer

Power Electronics Integrator/Supplier 

Battery System Integrator/Supplier 

Unique aspects of EZEferry systemNo internal combustion engines All main propulsion engines and ship service

q p f y y

All main propulsion engines and ship service generators are eliminated (minimum of four engines on most ferries)g )

No engine maintenance Engine overhauls Engine overhauls

Oil changes

N f l t k f l il t No fuel tanks or fuel oil systems No fuel spills

No trips to fueling dock

Unique aspects of EZEferry systemNo internal combustion engines No engine cooling systems No engine cooling systems No engine starting systems No Class-A machinery space and the associates

fire protection requirements Significant reduction in vessel noise ZERO Emissions

No exhaust piping or mufflers

Lots of happy neighbors!Lots of happy neighbors!

Unique aspects of EZEferry systemMain power system Propulsion and ship service powered supplied by Propulsion and ship service powered supplied by

two battery banks Battery banks are charged when in port utilizing Battery banks are charged when in port, utilizing

600Vac-690Vac utility power Battery bank configuration and type of battery is Battery bank configuration and type of battery is

dependent upon operational profile: may be sized for one complete round-trip or multiple trips (plusfor one complete round trip or multiple trips (plus reserve)

Unique aspects of EZEferry system

Compact main power module(patent pending)(patent pending)

All battery bank, charging system and main power/inverter components contained in twopower/inverter components contained in two standard ISO containersAll t i d d t t d b f All systems are wired up and pre-tested before shipment to shipyardSi ifi t d ti i i t l Significant reduction in space requirements on vessel

Plug-N-Play installation (cabling and cooling hoses) Major reduction in shipyard installation costs

C t i d lUnique aspects of EZEferry system

Compact main power module(patent pending)(p p g)

C t i d lUnique aspects of EZEferry system

Compact main power module(patent pending)(p p g)

Unique aspects of EZEferry systemEquipment Scope of SupplyMain Battery Banks

q p f y y

Main Battery BanksBattery Monitoring System (BMS)Main Power/Inverter Cabinet Rectifier/Charging Units 900Vdc Distribution Main Propulsion Inverter/Motor Drivesp DC/DC Converter (Battery Isolation) Ship Service Power Invertersp

Main Propulsion Motors

Unique aspects of EZEferry system

Vessel Arrangementsq p f y y

Vessel arrangements are significantly i lifi d d t th li i ti fsimplified due to the elimination of many

engine and fuel support systemsBattery/inverter modules can be easily

arranged around the required structural support

Unique aspects of EZEferry systemTypical arrangement

q p f y y

Unique aspects of EZEferry systemTypical arrangement

q p f y y

EZEferry System

Performance, Reliability, & Safetyf y y

Response of electric propulsion motors much faster than direct-drive diesels.

When slowing, propulsion motors act as generators to charge batteries (regeneration)

d d i d f tilitand reduce power required from utility.Other than Propulsion Motors, there are NO

moving parts in this system. Extremely low maintenance and high reliability.

EZEferry SystemPerformance, Reliability, & SafetyCharging Cabinets are EACH capable of

f y y

Charging Cabinets are EACH capable of charging entire battery bank within the required time (100% redundant)time (100% redundant)

Inverter/drive modules and propulsion motors are proven technology; utilized in industrial andare proven technology; utilized in industrial and marine applications world-wide

System can be configured such that in theSystem can be configured such that in the event of an inverter failure, either motor can be supplied from the opposite invertersupplied from the opposite inverter

EZEferry SystemPerformance, Reliability, & SafetyBatteries

f y y

Batteries Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC)

Entirel maintenance free Entirely maintenance-free High charge and discharge rates

A t ti ll it i b l i d Automatic cell monitoring, balancing and isolation (with remote monitoring available)

NMC h i t l t d f thi ifi NMC chemistry was selected for this specific operating and charging profile. Different chemistry may be appropriate for other scenariosmay be appropriate for other scenarios.

Economic Anal sis EZEferry SystemEconomic Analysis(why this makes sense!) Internal comb stion engines are generall 30 40%

f y y

Internal combustion engines are generally 30-40% efficient

Engines idling at dock or slow speeds are VERY Engines idling at dock or slow speeds are VERY inefficient

Large electric motors are generally 96-98% Large electric motors are generally 96-98% efficient.

Modern inverters are 95-97% efficient Modern inverters are 95 97% efficient.EZEferry system is ~85-90% efficient

(utility to shaft)(utility to shaft)

EZEferry SystemEconomic AnalysisOperating profile: 30 car, double-ended ferry

f y y

600HP main propulsion engines 25-30kW of hotel (ship service) load Maximum power required: ~500kW 5-minute crossingg 15-minutes at island 20-minutes at mainland, charging batteries, g g 45-minute total round-trip 24 round-trips per day, 365 days per year24 round trips per day, 365 days per year

EZEferryEconomic Analysis: Capital CostsC t f 600HP EZEf t $2 3M

EZEferry

Cost of a 600HP EZEferry system: $2.3M (includes $200k for shore facilities)

Cost of a 600HP direct-drive system: $1.7M (estimated using two Cat C18 Tier 3 engines)(estimated using two Cat C18 Tier 3 engines)

EZEferryEconomic Analysis: Annual CostsT t l d i d t i 82kWH

EZEferry

Total energy used in one round-trip: 82kWHWith 85% system efficiency: 82kWH/trip =

2315kWH/d2315kWH/dayUtility energy cost: 5.98¢/kWH = $51.6k/yearUtility demand cost (PSE Schedule 26):

$10.90/kW/month = $51.6k/yr * Total power cost: $102k/year

(No regeneration included in this calculation)

EZEferry SystemEconomic Analysis: Annual CostsElectric system (4-trip reserve capacity)

f y y

y ( p p y) Energy: $102k/year Batteries: $41k/yr System maintenance: $7k/yr Total: $150k/yr

Cost of diesel version: $3.00/gal $4.00/gal Fuel: ($3.50/$4.00 gal) $144k/yr $192k/yr LO/System maintenance: $170k/yr Total: $314k/yr $362k/yr

S i $188k/ ( 3 2 b k)Savings: ~$188k/yr (~3.2 year payback)

EZEferry SystemEconomic Analysis~$185k/yr savings (1st 12 years)

ferry Syste

$185k/yr savings (1 12 years)~$230k/yr savings (yr 13-24)~$270k/yr savings (yr 25-36)50% reduction in current fuel and50% reduction in current fuel and

engine maintenance costs$8 2M i i 35 $8.2M savings in 35 years

* These savings reflect anticipated reductions in battery replacement costs. Changes in diesel fuel & electric rates, and regeneration savings are not included in this analysis.

EZEferry SystemEconomic Analysis Gi en the rapid ad ance in batter technolog

ferry Syste

Given the rapid advance in battery technology, expect the battery replacement cost to drop significantly reducing annual operating costssignificantly, reducing annual operating costs even further. 50% reduction in the next 5-10 years would not be unexpected. p

Also expect fuel prices to increase and emission standards to become even tighter, substantially increasing the capital and operating costs of any internal combustion system.

SummaryEZEferry provides

EZE l t tiEZE vessel constructionEZE vessel operationpEZE vessel maintenanceZ i iZero emissions Elimination of 560 tons green house gases

every yearSignificant reduction in operating costs

EZE EZE Electric Zero Emissions

TM

Electric Zero Emissions

Joe PayneJoe.Payne@EESImarine.comT l/T   6Tel/Text: 360.710.1424

Rick HawrylakRick HawrylakRHawrylak@SpearPS.comTel: 281.808.496949 9