extensive aquaculture

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Presented by: Hina Amir EXTENSIVE AQUACULTURE Topic

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Page 1: Extensive Aquaculture

Presented by: Hina Amir

EXTENSIVE AQUACULTURE

Topic

Page 2: Extensive Aquaculture

 1. Introduction2. Characteristics            Food            Management            Productivity3. Advantages4. Disadvantages5. Comparison6. References

CONTENTS

Page 3: Extensive Aquaculture

INTRODUCTION

• Aquaculture • Marine and freshwater species                              Categories: Extensive aquaculture. Semi-Intensive aquaculture. Intensive aquaculture.

Page 4: Extensive Aquaculture

Culture  and  rearing  in  which  human intervention  is  concentrated  on  the reproduction of the stock,  in  addition  to capture. 

Selective increase of the production

 man’s food (salmon, oysters, etc.) industry (algoculture) pleasure (sport fishing, pearl culture, etc.). 

EXTENSIVE AQUACULTURE

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• Not  rely  on  excessive    working  in    the  growing process. 

• The stock is left to grow on its own, utilizing natural food sources. 

• Fish chosen for extensive aquaculture are very hardy

• Prawns,  muscles,  seaweed,  carp,  tilapia,  tuna  and salmon

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CHARACTERISTICS OF EXTENSIVE

AQUA CULTURE

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FOOD SUPPLY

Utilizes  natural  photosynthetic production of  food  (algae,  plankton,  molluscs, crustaceans) to feed the fish.

(insect larvae, snails; and worms).

Certain producers provide additional feed.  Examples – Carp, in mixed farming with

other species (whitefish, catfish, etc.).

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              Water Management

Water management is totally dependent       on tidal fluctuation. 

Water change is effected through tidal     means, i.e., new water is let in only     during high tide and the pond can be       drained only at low tide. 

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• Undeveloped parts of the World             (Southeast Asia)

• Areas  of  coastal  mangrove  swamps, marshes, estuaries.

        (not in use for other purposes)

• Indonesia =  six million acres

Suitable Region

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• Low stocking densities (e.g., 5 000-10 000 shrimp post larvae (PL)/ha/crop)

• The ponds used for extensive culture are usually (more than two ha) and may be shallow

• Production is generally low at less than 1 t/ha/y

Stocking and production

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ADVANTAGES OF EXTENSIVE AQUACULTURE

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1. Can be undertaken in existing farm dams.

2. Negates  the  need  for  costly  built structures.

3. Low overheads and production costs due  to  no  feeding  and  aeration requirements.

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4- Low labor costs.     low stocking densities      less attention to water quality issues and          stock monitoring . 

5-  Many other uses of the waterway, such as recreational boating and fishing,  occur simultaneously

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1- Natural habitat destruction         Example:• Philippines,  shrimp  aquaculture, destruction  of  thousands  of  acres  of mangrove fields

• Benthic  habitats  are  being  depleted, organic waste produced by the fish.

DISADVANTAGES

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• Phytoplankton  and  algae,  reduces  the amount  of  available  oxygen  in  the  water column, kills the Benthic organisms. 

2-Another  serious  problem,  extensive aquaculture is the introduction of invasive species into ecosystems

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3-  Foreign  fish  interbreed  with  wild  species, upset  the  genetic  variability  of  the  species, more prone to disease and infection.

4-  Some  farmers  protect  their  stocks  from predatorily  birds  such  as  pelicans  and albatross  by  shooting  sometimes endangered  creature

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5-  Diseases and Parasites             Example:•     "black gill " disease         caused by fungus, bacteria or detritus.         Necrosis and browning of exoskeleton,

6- A non-reliable water supply (e.g. drought)

Diseases

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• Extensive aquaculture• Intensive aquaculture

• Complete diet

• High density

• Limited space

• High water exchange

• Utilize natural productivity

• Low density

• No supplemental feeds

• Low water exchange

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More Predation control

More labor

Large productivity

qualified as ‘processing

No or less predation control

Less labor

Small productivity

qualified as ‘production’

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REFERENCES• Allen, .(1989). Freshwater Fishes of Australia. T.F.H Publications: New Jersey, USA.

• Mackinnon, M. (1995). Fish for Farm Dams. Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane.

• .• NSW Fisheries (1994). Freshwater Crayfish Advisory Pack. NSW Fisheries, Sydney.

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• Tidwell, J. H. (2012)  Aquaculture Production Systems   ,John Wiley & Sons, ISBN0813801265 :pp.88-89

• McCormack, G. and Jackson, P. (1991). The Farm Fish Book - Proceedings of the Seminar on Stocking Fish in Farm Dams for Recreation and Farm Table Use. Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane