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Exploring the Exploring the Religions of Our Religions of Our World World Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the Beginning the Journey Journey http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bd5hv XgI_bQ

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Page 1: Exploring the Religions of Our World Chapter 1 Beginning the Journey Chapter 1 Beginning the Journey

Exploring the Religions Exploring the Religions of Our Worldof Our World

Exploring the Religions Exploring the Religions of Our Worldof Our World

Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the JourneyChapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the Journey

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bd5hvXgI_bQ

Page 2: Exploring the Religions of Our World Chapter 1 Beginning the Journey Chapter 1 Beginning the Journey

Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the Journey

Setting the StageSetting the Stage• Global villageGlobal village• Protected now but not next yearProtected now but not next year• Unique class—overview of manyUnique class—overview of many• Goals: Proclaim, dialogue, learn Goals: Proclaim, dialogue, learn • World Religion = worldwide or significantWorld Religion = worldwide or significant

Buddhism, Christianity, and IslamBuddhism, Christianity, and Islam Hinduism, Judaism, Japanese, Chinese, and Hinduism, Judaism, Japanese, Chinese, and

AmericanAmerican

Page 3: Exploring the Religions of Our World Chapter 1 Beginning the Journey Chapter 1 Beginning the Journey

Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the Journey What is ReligionWhat is Religion

• Not present in most holy booksNot present in most holy books• Only modern separation from lifeOnly modern separation from life• Latin Latin religioreligio = to bind = to bind• Person or community to something or someone Person or community to something or someone

over or beyondover or beyond• Entailed obligationsEntailed obligations• Not just one thing—worship, action, belief, etc…Not just one thing—worship, action, belief, etc…

so look at as much as we canso look at as much as we can• Elusive but some patternsElusive but some patterns• Western systematic approachWestern systematic approach

Page 4: Exploring the Religions of Our World Chapter 1 Beginning the Journey Chapter 1 Beginning the Journey

Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the JourneyChapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the Journey

Why Study World Religions?Why Study World Religions? Why Study World Religions?Why Study World Religions?

to gain a clearer to gain a clearer understanding of understanding of one’s own faithone’s own faith

to gain a clearer to gain a clearer understanding of understanding of one’s own faithone’s own faith

to foster openness to foster openness and acceptance of and acceptance of human differenceshuman differences

to foster openness to foster openness and acceptance of and acceptance of human differenceshuman differences

to gain insights into to gain insights into human beings by human beings by

understanding their understanding their religious activitiesreligious activities

to gain insights into to gain insights into human beings by human beings by

understanding their understanding their religious activitiesreligious activities

to gain a better to gain a better understanding of understanding of

humankind’s various humankind’s various civilizationscivilizations

to gain a better to gain a better understanding of understanding of

humankind’s various humankind’s various civilizationscivilizations

to gain a better to gain a better understanding of understanding of various human various human

culturescultures

to gain a better to gain a better understanding of understanding of various human various human

culturescultures to learn from some to learn from some great sources of great sources of

wisdomwisdom

to learn from some to learn from some great sources of great sources of

wisdomwisdom

to dispel fears andto dispel fears and

misunderstandingsmisunderstandings

to dispel fears andto dispel fears and

misunderstandingsmisunderstandings

Page 5: Exploring the Religions of Our World Chapter 1 Beginning the Journey Chapter 1 Beginning the Journey

Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the Journey A Different Religion ClassA Different Religion Class

• Religion class vs. othersReligion class vs. others Head and heartHead and heart Facts and experiencesFacts and experiences Rational and faith experiencesRational and faith experiences Questions beyond science to philosophy & Questions beyond science to philosophy &

theology—not merely descriptive but theology—not merely descriptive but prescriptiveprescriptive

• World religion class vs. religion classWorld religion class vs. religion class Not merely own religious tradition’s answersNot merely own religious tradition’s answers Each Each religionreligion answers & interprets differently answers & interprets differently

Page 6: Exploring the Religions of Our World Chapter 1 Beginning the Journey Chapter 1 Beginning the Journey

Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the JourneyChapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the Journey

Studying with a New Attitude

Non-judgmental Catholics reject nothing which is true & holy in other

religions…sincere respect…reflect a ray of Truth (Vatican II, NA, 2)

Accept on its own terms does not = accept for self Empathy = identify & understand another’s situation Humble, open, & respectful “Equality…equal personal dignity” (CDF, DJ, 22) Avoid false irenicism by consistent with own tradition but

openness towards other ones without pretense or close mindedness; true, humble, frank dialogue; witness & conversion (JPII, RM, 56)

Studying with a New Attitude

Non-judgmental Catholics reject nothing which is true & holy in other

religions…sincere respect…reflect a ray of Truth (Vatican II, NA, 2)

Accept on its own terms does not = accept for self Empathy = identify & understand another’s situation Humble, open, & respectful “Equality…equal personal dignity” (CDF, DJ, 22) Avoid false irenicism by consistent with own tradition but

openness towards other ones without pretense or close mindedness; true, humble, frank dialogue; witness & conversion (JPII, RM, 56)

Page 7: Exploring the Religions of Our World Chapter 1 Beginning the Journey Chapter 1 Beginning the Journey

Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the JourneyChapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the Journey

Setting the Context of Catholic’s in DialogueSetting the Context of Catholic’s in Dialogue

Angelo Roncalli (1881)—Pope John XIII (1958-1963) Vatican diplomat to Greece and Turkey—Orthodox & Muslims Jews during WWII Protestants are separated brothers not heretics (Ad Cathedram Petri) Received Archbishop of Canterbury & greeted Patriarch of

Constantinople Removed “perfidious Jews” from Good Friday liturgy; egregiously Seems minor today but revolutionary in 1960’s Vision was that Catholic Church not set itself against the world, but

engage in dialogue with the world Vision was fleshed out in Vatican II (1962-1965) Died after first of four sessions so Pope Paul VI continued vision (1963-

1978)

Setting the Context of Catholic’s in DialogueSetting the Context of Catholic’s in Dialogue

Angelo Roncalli (1881)—Pope John XIII (1958-1963) Vatican diplomat to Greece and Turkey—Orthodox & Muslims Jews during WWII Protestants are separated brothers not heretics (Ad Cathedram Petri) Received Archbishop of Canterbury & greeted Patriarch of

Constantinople Removed “perfidious Jews” from Good Friday liturgy; egregiously Seems minor today but revolutionary in 1960’s Vision was that Catholic Church not set itself against the world, but

engage in dialogue with the world Vision was fleshed out in Vatican II (1962-1965) Died after first of four sessions so Pope Paul VI continued vision (1963-

1978)

Page 8: Exploring the Religions of Our World Chapter 1 Beginning the Journey Chapter 1 Beginning the Journey

Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the Journey

Benefits of the Council Dignitatis Humanae (Declaration on Human Freedom)

Rights if individuals to social & civil freedom in religious matters

Unitatis Redintegratio (Decree on Ecumenism) Dialogue with fellow Christians

Nostra Aetate (Declaration on the Relation of the Church to Non-Christian Religions)

Dialogue with non-Christians

Pontificates of Paul VI and John Paul II—words into action 1965 joint resolution between Paul VI and Athanagoras I Joint declaration between Paul VI and Archbishop of Canterbury John Paul II met with religious leaders and holy sites in extensive travels 1986 and 2002 World Day of Prayer for Peace in Assisi Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification with Lutherans April 2005 funeral of John Paul II

Page 9: Exploring the Religions of Our World Chapter 1 Beginning the Journey Chapter 1 Beginning the Journey

Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the JourneyChapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the Journey

Related Documents from the pontificate of JP IIRelated Documents from the pontificate of JP IIRelated Documents from the pontificate of JP IIRelated Documents from the pontificate of JP II

Ut Unum Sint1995 Encyclical on the Church Commitment to

Ecumenism by JPII

Ut Unum Sint1995 Encyclical on the Church Commitment to

Ecumenism by JPIIDialogue & Proclamation

1991 Reflections on Interreligious Dialogue by the Pontifical Council for

Interreligious Dialogue

Dialogue & Proclamation 1991 Reflections on

Interreligious Dialogue by the Pontifical Council for

Interreligious Dialogue

Redemptoris Missio 1990 Encyclical on the

Mission of Christ by JPII

Redemptoris Missio 1990 Encyclical on the

Mission of Christ by JPII

Directory for the Application of Principles & Norms on

Ecumenism 1993 by Pontifical Council

for Christina Unity

Directory for the Application of Principles & Norms on

Ecumenism 1993 by Pontifical Council

for Christina Unity

Page 10: Exploring the Religions of Our World Chapter 1 Beginning the Journey Chapter 1 Beginning the Journey

Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the JourneyChapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the JourneyEcumenical Dialogue Ecumenical Dialogue 1. All Catholics, not just specialists, are to evangelize the world

thru dialogue with non-Catholics = witness not proselytism2. God offers the gift of salvation to all the nations3. The scriptures of other religions point to a future communion4. People from other religious traditions can be recipients of

God’s grace even though Christ is one savior and Church is ordinary means (CCC, 846 & Pope Benedict XVI in 2007)A. The Church has primacy over other faith traditions because of its

apostolic succession by which it can offer the “means of salvation” B. “Those who, through no fault of their own, do not know the

Gospel of Christ or his Church, but who nevertheless seek God with a sincere heart … may achieve eternal salvation (CCC, 847 & Karl Rahner’s (1904-1984) Anonymous Christian theology)

5. Holy Spirit led dialogue can be through both words & actions

Ecumenical Dialogue Ecumenical Dialogue 1. All Catholics, not just specialists, are to evangelize the world

thru dialogue with non-Catholics = witness not proselytism2. God offers the gift of salvation to all the nations3. The scriptures of other religions point to a future communion4. People from other religious traditions can be recipients of

God’s grace even though Christ is one savior and Church is ordinary means (CCC, 846 & Pope Benedict XVI in 2007)A. The Church has primacy over other faith traditions because of its

apostolic succession by which it can offer the “means of salvation” B. “Those who, through no fault of their own, do not know the

Gospel of Christ or his Church, but who nevertheless seek God with a sincere heart … may achieve eternal salvation (CCC, 847 & Karl Rahner’s (1904-1984) Anonymous Christian theology)

5. Holy Spirit led dialogue can be through both words & actions

Page 11: Exploring the Religions of Our World Chapter 1 Beginning the Journey Chapter 1 Beginning the Journey

Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the JourneyChapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the Journey

Some Common Elements or Patterns of ReligionsSome Common Elements or Patterns of Religions “What a religion is” rather than “what is religion” Overlap not compartmentalized

Some Common Elements or Patterns of ReligionsSome Common Elements or Patterns of Religions “What a religion is” rather than “what is religion” Overlap not compartmentalized

Sacred stories, Sacred stories, sacred scriptures, & sacred scriptures, & other writingsother writings

Beliefs & practices Beliefs & practices

Sacred timeSacred time

Sacred places & Sacred places & sacred spacessacred spaces

Sacred stories, Sacred stories, sacred scriptures, & sacred scriptures, & other writingsother writings

Beliefs & practices Beliefs & practices

Sacred timeSacred time

Sacred places & Sacred places & sacred spacessacred spaces

MythsMyths (sacred & empirical (sacred & empirical history), Upanishads, history), Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, Qur’an, BibleBhagavad Gita, Qur’an, Bible

_____________________ _____________________

__________________________________________

__________________________________________

MythsMyths (sacred & empirical (sacred & empirical history), Upanishads, history), Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, Qur’an, BibleBhagavad Gita, Qur’an, Bible

_____________________ _____________________

__________________________________________

__________________________________________

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Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the JourneyChapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the Journey

Common Elements or Patterns of ReligionsCommon Elements or Patterns of ReligionsCommon Elements or Patterns of ReligionsCommon Elements or Patterns of Religions Sacred stories & Sacred stories &

sacred scripturessacred scriptures

Beliefs & practicesBeliefs & practices Vertical & horizontal Vertical & horizontal Doctrine & actionDoctrine & action Moral code—W or UMoral code—W or U

Goodness & salvationGoodness & salvation

Sacred timeSacred time

Sacred places & Sacred places & sacred spacessacred spaces

Sacred stories & Sacred stories & sacred scripturessacred scriptures

Beliefs & practicesBeliefs & practices Vertical & horizontal Vertical & horizontal Doctrine & actionDoctrine & action Moral code—W or UMoral code—W or U

Goodness & salvationGoodness & salvation

Sacred timeSacred time

Sacred places & Sacred places & sacred spacessacred spaces

Examples:Examples:

4 Noble Truths & 8-Fold Path, 4 Noble Truths & 8-Fold Path, Apostles Creed, Sh’ma, Apostles Creed, Sh’ma, ShahadahShahadah

Personal – Personal – Prayer, meditation, ritual washingPrayer, meditation, ritual washing

Communal – Communal – animal sacrifice, pilgrimages, sacred animal sacrifice, pilgrimages, sacred mealsmeals

• Formality often comes from sacred stories; Formality often comes from sacred stories; e.g. Pesache.g. Pesach

• Practice reveals belief; e.g prayer for MuslimsPractice reveals belief; e.g prayer for Muslims

__________________________________________

__________________________________________

Examples:Examples:

4 Noble Truths & 8-Fold Path, 4 Noble Truths & 8-Fold Path, Apostles Creed, Sh’ma, Apostles Creed, Sh’ma, ShahadahShahadah

Personal – Personal – Prayer, meditation, ritual washingPrayer, meditation, ritual washing

Communal – Communal – animal sacrifice, pilgrimages, sacred animal sacrifice, pilgrimages, sacred mealsmeals

• Formality often comes from sacred stories; Formality often comes from sacred stories; e.g. Pesache.g. Pesach

• Practice reveals belief; e.g prayer for MuslimsPractice reveals belief; e.g prayer for Muslims

__________________________________________

__________________________________________

Page 13: Exploring the Religions of Our World Chapter 1 Beginning the Journey Chapter 1 Beginning the Journey

Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the JourneyChapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the Journey

Common Elements or Patterns of ReligionsCommon Elements or Patterns of ReligionsCommon Elements or Patterns of ReligionsCommon Elements or Patterns of Religions

Sacred stories & Sacred stories & sacred scripturessacred scriptures

Beliefs & practices Beliefs & practices

Sacred timeSacred time All time is sacredAll time is sacred Ritual moves I or C to, Ritual moves I or C to,

reminds, & timelessreminds, & timeless Frequency varies but Frequency varies but

always draws past & always draws past & future to presentfuture to present

Sacred places & Sacred places & sacred spacessacred spaces

Sacred stories & Sacred stories & sacred scripturessacred scriptures

Beliefs & practices Beliefs & practices

Sacred timeSacred time All time is sacredAll time is sacred Ritual moves I or C to, Ritual moves I or C to,

reminds, & timelessreminds, & timeless Frequency varies but Frequency varies but

always draws past & always draws past & future to presentfuture to present

Sacred places & Sacred places & sacred spacessacred spaces

Examples:Examples: Muslims, - Fri., RamadanMuslims, - Fri., RamadanJews - Sabbath, Yom KippurJews - Sabbath, Yom KippurChristians - Sun, Lent, EasterChristians - Sun, Lent, EasterBuddhists- Bodhi DayBuddhists- Bodhi DayHindus – DiwaliHindus – DiwaliSikhs – Gobind Singh’s b-daySikhs – Gobind Singh’s b-day

Communal rituals more formal Communal rituals more formal that personal devotions; sense that personal devotions; sense of belonging & personal of belonging & personal renewal renewal

Examples:Examples: Muslims, - Fri., RamadanMuslims, - Fri., RamadanJews - Sabbath, Yom KippurJews - Sabbath, Yom KippurChristians - Sun, Lent, EasterChristians - Sun, Lent, EasterBuddhists- Bodhi DayBuddhists- Bodhi DayHindus – DiwaliHindus – DiwaliSikhs – Gobind Singh’s b-daySikhs – Gobind Singh’s b-day

Communal rituals more formal Communal rituals more formal that personal devotions; sense that personal devotions; sense of belonging & personal of belonging & personal renewal renewal

Page 14: Exploring the Religions of Our World Chapter 1 Beginning the Journey Chapter 1 Beginning the Journey

Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the JourneyChapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the Journey

Common Elements or Patterns of ReligionsCommon Elements or Patterns of ReligionsCommon Elements or Patterns of ReligionsCommon Elements or Patterns of Religions

Sacred stories & Sacred stories & sacred scripturessacred scriptures

Beliefs & practices Beliefs & practices

Sacred timeSacred time

Sacred places & Sacred places & sacred spacessacred spaces

Anywhere but usually marked by a permanent sacred space and place

Can be temporary Based on sacred stories

and scriptures of religion

Sacred stories & Sacred stories & sacred scripturessacred scriptures

Beliefs & practices Beliefs & practices

Sacred timeSacred time

Sacred places & Sacred places & sacred spacessacred spaces

Anywhere but usually marked by a permanent sacred space and place

Can be temporary Based on sacred stories

and scriptures of religion

Examples:Examples:

Origins & TravelsOrigins & TravelsMuslims -- Mecca/ MedinaMuslims -- Mecca/ MedinaChristians, Jews, & Muslims -- Holy Christians, Jews, & Muslims -- Holy

LandLand

NaturalNaturalRivers – Jordan (Christians) & Rivers – Jordan (Christians) &

Ganges (Hindus)Ganges (Hindus)Mountains – Sinai (Jews) & Fuji Mountains – Sinai (Jews) & Fuji

(Shintos)(Shintos)

Shrines, Synagogues, Mosques, Shrines, Synagogues, Mosques, Temples, Churches, & temporaryTemples, Churches, & temporary

Examples:Examples:

Origins & TravelsOrigins & TravelsMuslims -- Mecca/ MedinaMuslims -- Mecca/ MedinaChristians, Jews, & Muslims -- Holy Christians, Jews, & Muslims -- Holy

LandLand

NaturalNaturalRivers – Jordan (Christians) & Rivers – Jordan (Christians) &

Ganges (Hindus)Ganges (Hindus)Mountains – Sinai (Jews) & Fuji Mountains – Sinai (Jews) & Fuji

(Shintos)(Shintos)

Shrines, Synagogues, Mosques, Shrines, Synagogues, Mosques, Temples, Churches, & temporaryTemples, Churches, & temporary

Page 15: Exploring the Religions of Our World Chapter 1 Beginning the Journey Chapter 1 Beginning the Journey

Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the Journey Other Elements or PatternsOther Elements or Patterns

• Methodology Brief historical overview Sacred stories & scriptures Basic beliefs & practices Sacred time Sacred places & spaces The religion through a Catholic lens

• Implicit aspects Symbols & objects; laws; institutional structure; holy people

• Order Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Chinese, Japanese,

Christianity (out of order) & American Not chronological

Page 16: Exploring the Religions of Our World Chapter 1 Beginning the Journey Chapter 1 Beginning the Journey

Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the JourneyChapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the Journey

Vocabulary:Vocabulary:

• ReligionReligion• EmpathyEmpathy• LiturgyLiturgy• EcumenismEcumenism• EvangelizationEvangelization• Witnessing Witnessing • MythsMyths• IrenicismIrenicism• EgregiouslyEgregiously• PerfidiousPerfidious• Anonymous ChristianAnonymous Christian

Vocabulary:Vocabulary:

• ReligionReligion• EmpathyEmpathy• LiturgyLiturgy• EcumenismEcumenism• EvangelizationEvangelization• Witnessing Witnessing • MythsMyths• IrenicismIrenicism• EgregiouslyEgregiously• PerfidiousPerfidious• Anonymous ChristianAnonymous Christian

Page 17: Exploring the Religions of Our World Chapter 1 Beginning the Journey Chapter 1 Beginning the Journey

Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the JourneyChapter 1 Chapter 1 Beginning the JourneyBeginning the JourneyReview Questions:Review Questions:1. Briefly describe the religious diversity in our world today.2. Why use the term “world’s religions” rather than “world religions” in

studying various religious traditions?3. In what language did the word “religion” originate? Why do you think

it is such a difficult term to define?4. What attitude is asked of us in studying some of the world’s religions?

Explain.5. What makes a class about the world’s religions different from other

religion classes?6. What are some reasons for studying the world’s religions?7. Relate some of the ways in which Popes John XXIII, Paul VI, and John

Paul II broke ground in the Catholic Church’s relationship with other religious traditions.

8. Why is interreligious dialogue a duty of all Catholics? In what ways can a Catholic fulfill this duty?

9. What are some of the common elements or patterns we will employ in our study of some of the world’s religions?

Review Questions:Review Questions:1. Briefly describe the religious diversity in our world today.2. Why use the term “world’s religions” rather than “world religions” in

studying various religious traditions?3. In what language did the word “religion” originate? Why do you think

it is such a difficult term to define?4. What attitude is asked of us in studying some of the world’s religions?

Explain.5. What makes a class about the world’s religions different from other

religion classes?6. What are some reasons for studying the world’s religions?7. Relate some of the ways in which Popes John XXIII, Paul VI, and John

Paul II broke ground in the Catholic Church’s relationship with other religious traditions.

8. Why is interreligious dialogue a duty of all Catholics? In what ways can a Catholic fulfill this duty?

9. What are some of the common elements or patterns we will employ in our study of some of the world’s religions?