Exploration, Discovery Exploration, Discovery and Settlementand Settlement

1492-17001492-1700

The original exploration, discovery The original exploration, discovery and settlement of the Americas and settlement of the Americas

occurred thousands of years occurred thousands of years before Christopher Columbus was before Christopher Columbus was

born. born.

Exploration, Discovery and Exploration, Discovery and SettlementSettlement

Archeologists believe the Archeologists believe the first people to settle N. first people to settle N. America arrived 40,000 America arrived 40,000 years agoyears ago

These people crossed a land These people crossed a land bridge that connected bridge that connected Siberia (Russia) to AlaskaSiberia (Russia) to Alaska

These first Americans These first Americans eventually migrated to S. eventually migrated to S. AmericaAmerica

They adapted to their They adapted to their environment, spoke different environment, spoke different languages, developed languages, developed unique culturesunique cultures

50-75 million persons50-75 million persons

Exploration, Discovery and Exploration, Discovery and SettlementSettlement

How were the How were the Native Americans Native Americans different? different?

How were they How were they similar?similar?

PuebloPueblo Most N. Americans lived in Most N. Americans lived in small settlements (300 small settlements (300 people)people)

Men: made tools, huntingMen: made tools, hunting Women: Grew crops Women: Grew crops Some were nomadicSome were nomadic

More ComplexMore Complex:: Pueblos in SW U.S. had Pueblos in SW U.S. had

multistoried homes, irrigationmultistoried homes, irrigation Mound builders in Mississippi, Mound builders in Mississippi,

Ohio R. ValleysOhio R. Valleys Iroquois form League of Iroquois form League of

NationsNations

Cultures of N. AmericaCultures of N. America

Cultures of N. AmericaCultures of N. America

Adena, Hopwell Adena, Hopwell and Mississippian and Mississippian culturescultures

Cultures of C. and S. Cultures of C. and S. AmericaAmerica

Aztec Capitol: TenochtitlanAztec Capitol: Tenochtitlan Equal in size to any Equal in size to any

European city at its heightEuropean city at its height

Most historians believe Most historians believe more people lived in more people lived in Cenral and South American Cenral and South American than N. Americathan N. America

BIG 3BIG 3: : Maya Maya AztecsAztecs IncasIncas All were highly organized, All were highly organized,

extensive trade, calendars, extensive trade, calendars, scientific observations, and scientific observations, and farmingfarming

Europe Moves Toward Europe Moves Toward ExplorationExploration

Most Europeans had no Most Europeans had no idea the Americas existedidea the Americas existed

Vikings came around 1000 Vikings came around 1000 to N. America but left no to N. America but left no lasting impactlasting impact

Columbus arrives in 1492Columbus arrives in 1492 Why?Why?

Improvements in Improvements in TechnologyTechnology

Renaissance: rebirth of classical learning and Renaissance: rebirth of classical learning and outburst of scientific activity (1400s and 1500s)outburst of scientific activity (1400s and 1500s)

Gunpowder from ChinaGunpowder from China Sailing Compass adopted by Arabs from ChineseSailing Compass adopted by Arabs from Chinese Improvements in Shipbuilding and mapmakingImprovements in Shipbuilding and mapmaking Printing press invented in 1450sPrinting press invented in 1450s

Religious ConflictReligious Conflict

Catholic SpainCatholic Spain: Spain expelled all Muslims in the : Spain expelled all Muslims in the 1400s and united under King Ferdinand and 1400s and united under King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella (they financed Columbus)Queen Isabella (they financed Columbus)

N. Europe RebelsN. Europe Rebels: Protestant Reformation starts : Protestant Reformation starts in Germany, soon France, England and Holland in Germany, soon France, England and Holland revolt against papal authorityrevolt against papal authority

Religious wars between Catholics and ProtestantsReligious wars between Catholics and Protestants This causes a religious motive for exploration as This causes a religious motive for exploration as

European countries wanted their “versions” European countries wanted their “versions” spreadspread

Expanding TradeExpanding Trade Competition for trade Competition for trade

amongst European amongst European countriescountries

Looking for a new way to Looking for a new way to the riches of Asiathe riches of Asia

Along African coast? Or Along African coast? Or across Atlantic?across Atlantic?

Portugal lead the way - Portugal lead the way - Prince Henry the Navigator Prince Henry the Navigator and Vasco da Gamaand Vasco da Gama

Developing Nation-StatesDeveloping Nation-States

In Europe monarchs were gaining power In Europe monarchs were gaining power and building nation-states ( country where and building nation-states ( country where the people share a common culture and the people share a common culture and loyalty to govt.) in Spain, Portugal, France, loyalty to govt.) in Spain, Portugal, France, and the Netherlandsand the Netherlands

They depended on trade for $They depended on trade for $

Early ExplorationsEarly Explorations C. Columbus sails for Spain C. Columbus sails for Spain

and lands in the Bahamas and lands in the Bahamas in Oct. 1492in Oct. 1492

He always thought he had He always thought he had reached Asia, not the reached Asia, not the AmericasAmericas

He names the natives: He names the natives: IndiansIndians

Amerigo Vespucci = Amerigo Vespucci = AmericaAmerica

There will now be There will now be PERMANENT interaction PERMANENT interaction between Europe and the between Europe and the “New World”“New World”

ExchangesExchanges

Dividing the New WorldDividing the New World Spain and Portugal were Spain and Portugal were

the first to claim landthe first to claim land In 1493 the pope drew a In 1493 the pope drew a

dividing line to separate dividing line to separate the lands between the two the lands between the two countriescountries

Treaty of TordesillasTreaty of Tordesillas

Spanish Exploration and Spanish Exploration and ConquestConquest

Conquistadors conquered Conquistadors conquered land for Spain in S. land for Spain in S. America and C. AmericaAmerica and C. America

Cortes def. AztecsCortes def. Aztecs Pizzaro def. IncasPizzaro def. Incas

Gold and silver sent back Gold and silver sent back to Spainto Spain

Spain becomes wealthiest Spain becomes wealthiest nation in Europenation in Europe

Spanish ConquestsSpanish Conquests

Encomienda SystemEncomienda System: : king of Spain gives king of Spain gives grants of land and grants of land and Indians to individual Indians to individual SpaniardsSpaniards

Indians had to work on Indians had to work on farms/minesfarms/mines

What caused Native What caused Native Americans to die by Americans to die by the thousands?the thousands?

English ClaimsEnglish Claims