THE SEPERATION OF SOUTH SUDAN

FROM SUDANBLANCHE ENGELBRECHT – 201403280

FARAI MUCHE – 201401902MATHEUS TAAPOPI – 201406567

SHIPOPYENI SHIVUTE - 201411869NORMAN NDEUYEEKA – 201406599

The separation of South Sudan from Sudan

British and Egyptian administration incorporated South Sudan in the Sudan we knew as a matter of convenience despite cultural, linguistic and religious differences1930 – administration of South Sudan became somewhat separated from north Sudan1956 – Sudan (north and south) gained independence from Britain, with authority centered in Khartoum• Start of (first) 18 year civil war between north and south because South Sudan had

no autonomy1972 – Addis Ababa Resolution, granted South Sudan more autonomy1983 – Gaafar Nimeiry threw out the Addis Ababa agreement and seized control of Southern government centers1993 – negotiations for peace deal fail2005 – Comprehensive peace agreement signed in Nairobi, granting autonomy to the South and set a timeline for a referendum on South Sudan’s independence9 July 2011 – South Sudan gains its independence!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

COLONIAL INHERITANCE■ Arbitrary borders■ Non – hegemonic state■ Formation of state elites■ Weak links between state and society■ Economic inheritance■ Weak political institution

INTERNAL FACTORS

■Culture, religion, linguistic, ethnicity

■Geographical area■Politics

EXTERNAL FACTORS

■Influence from Central African immediate neighbors (Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, DRC, and CAR)

■The British colonial rule

Consequences and Challenges of both Sudan and South Sudan Divorce■ Virtually all of the issues that needed to be settled between the new states were

outstanding on 9 July 2011, including:1. Security, 2. Control of land; land rights between ethnic communities3. Economic competition,4. Boundary division and Border conflicts; 5. Debt, 6. Contestation of oil; (access, control and economics)7. Trade, and Citizenship,8. Resource Shortage9. Human Capital

Today, most of these remain unresolved. The two countries have ravaged each other’s economies, fought proxy wars in each other’s territory, and descended into internal conflict.

Population; 30,9 millionLand Size; 1861484 km2Literacy; 77,5 %

Population: 8,26 millionLand size: 644329 km2Literacy: 27%

SUDAN SOUTH SUDAN

Way forward for both Sudan and South Sudan

■ Infrastructure■ Combating Corruption■ Land Policy■ Support Returnees and

Displaced Persons■ Improve Health■ Education■ And Deliver Basic Services

■ Internal Democratic Reform

■ Diversify Economy■ Reconciliation;

Accommodate Diversity■ Mediation and National

Discourse■ Provide State Security

Sources:■ http://

www.csmonitor.com/World/Africa/2011/0721/South-Sudan-5-key-questions-answered/When-will-South-Sudan-be-self-sufficient

■ https://www.quora.com/What-events-led-to-South-Sudan-voting-for-its-independence-from-Sudan

■ https://www.quora.com/What-problems-does-South-Sudan-face■ https://

www.quora.com/What-are-the-three-major-reasons-why-Sudan-split-into-two-in-2011■ https://

www.usaid.gov/news-information/frontlines/sudan-south-sudaneducation/two-sudans-separation-africa%E2%80%99s-largest

■ http://harvardkennedyschoolreview.com/the-great-divorce-sudan-south-sudan-and-the-promise-of-prosperity/

■ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pKmM1N0MoC4■ http://hornaffairs.com/en/2016/07/15/causes-consequences-south-sudan-failed-state/■ http://www.beyondintractability.org/casestudy/yousif-rothbart-sudan-south-sudan