expert consultation green house gases emissions … · › corn eea pergamino ... monte nativo...
TRANSCRIPT
Expert Consultation
Green House Gases emissions from biofuels and bioenergy.
National bioenergy program
is a public decentralized body subordinated to the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries with
operative and financial autarchy.
MISSION
“”To carry out and foster actions addressing the innovation of
agricultural and livestock, agro-food and agro-industrial sectors to contribute to the competitiveness of agro-industrial chains, environmental health and sustainability of productive systems, social equity and territorial development, through
research, technological development and extension”. (2005-2015 Institutional Strategic Plan)
NATIONAL STRUCTURE
• Central office B.A.
• 15 Regionales centers
• 47 Experimental stations
• 4 Research centers
• 13 Research institutes
• 240 Extension units
• 9 Innovation parks
• INTA group members:
• Foundation ArgenINTA
Private company INTEA S.A
7300 EMPLOYEES
Year budget 250 M dollars
http://www.inta.gov.ar
ARGENTINA
ARGENTINA: FACTS AND FIGURES
Official name: Argentine Republic
Chief of state: Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER
Capital: Buenos Aires
Area: 2.8 million sq km
Population: 40 million inhabitants
GDP (purchasing power parity): US$ 560 billion
GDP - per capita (PPP): US$ 14,000
Source: CIA-The World Factbook and INDEC
ARGENTINE GDP ANNUAL GROWTH 2003-2007
IN PERCENTAGE %
8.59.0 9.2
0.9
5.0
8.78.8
6.8
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
ARGENTINA
ARGENTINE ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY SOURCE
Source: Department of Energy, Argentina
Coal
2%
Others
4%
Nuclear
2%Hydro
6%
Natural Gas
41%
Oil
45%
ARGENTINA
LIQUID FUELS - CONSUMPTION
Fuente: Secretaría de Energía
DIESEL
OIL
66%
GASOLINE
17%CNG
17%
Argentina imports 3 to 4% of total diesel oil
ARGENTINA
Argentine Grain Production
- in million tons -
62,0
95,0
69,469,2 70,8
95,0 97,3
84,5
67,4
76,5
-
20,0
40,0
60,0
80,0
100,0
120,0
2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10
(*)
ARGENTINE GRAIN PRODUCTION
Source: Ministry of Agriculture, livestock and fisheries of Argentina
(*) Estimated
ARGENTINA
Argentine total grain production for the 2007/2008 reached 95,0 million tons.
SOY, CORN and WHEAT account for almost 90% of total grain production.
ARGENTINE GRAIN PRODUCTION
Source: Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries - Argentina
Total Grain Production 2007/2008 season:
Grain Planted area Production Share
million hectares million tons %
SOY 16.6 46.2 47%
CORN 4.2 22.0 23%
WHEAT 6.0 16.3 17%
SUNFLOWER 2.6 4.7 5%
SORGHUM 0.8 2.9 3%
OTHERS 1.8 5.2 5%
TOTAL 32.0 97.3 100%
ARGENTINA
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
23 Biodiesel plants
Total production capacity : 2,5 million tons.
Total Investments: US$ 500 million
Source: Department of Energy and CARBIO
(*) Projected
Argentine Biodiesel Markets
- in thousand tons -
168
1150
725
1200
800
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
2007 2008 2009 2010 (*)
Domestic
Export
ARGENTINA
FOREST LAW No. 26331 – December 2007
The law establishes:
•A moratorium on any natural forest cutting until each province
produces a Native Forest Land Inventory and Land Management
Plan.
•An obligation to produce an environmental impact study and hold
a public hearing before approving any clearing.
•Respect for the rights of indigenous and rural communities over
forests they use.
•A prohibition on open burning of forest cuttings waste.
http://www.infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/135000-139999/136125/norma.htm
ARGENTINA
FOREST LAW No. 26331 – November 2007
Argentine
provinces have
begun enacting
land zoning
policies under
the Forest
Law’s land
management
provisions,
laying out areas
where
agricultural
expansion is
banned due to
environmental
concerns and
areas where
agricultural
expansion is
permissible.
Very High Conservation Value Forest Areas
Forest Conservation Areas
Potential Productive Areas
Current Productive Areas
ECONOMY
Cost freigh distances
ECOLOGY
Sensible ecosystms biodiversity, soil water and air
conservation
SOCIAL ASPECTS
working conditions
health and security
Susteinableproduction
OUR PARTICULAR VIEW OF BIOENERGY
Secure the supply of sustainable bioenergy
sources and services, taking care and
supporting sustainable development, national
energy security, poverty reduction, climate
change attenuation & environmental
equilibrium in all the national territory
INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE TECNOLOGIA AGROPECUARIA
Traditional crops and residues for
bioenergy production
Generation & development of second
and third generation biofuels
Strategic development of
plant resources
with energy applications
Tool development for a sustainable growth of bioenergy production from
different sources
RSB
Global-Biopact
BIALEMA
CYTED
Babethanol
Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria
Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos
Instituto de Biotecnología
Instituto de Clima y Agua
Instituto de Ingeniería Rural
Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola
Castelar National Research Centre
National Bioenergy Program
Office & research groups
Specífic project
Residues and traditional crops for bioenergy production
Energy balance, life cycle analysis LCA.
Reference laboratory for fuels homologation and efficiency studies.
Development of a Geographic Information System at a national level
considering crops and residues for bioenery purposes.
Development of particular crop study networks :› Rape seed EEA Barrow
› Carthamus EEA Ascasubi
› Corn EEA Pergamino
› Topinambur EEA Manfredi
› Sugar beet EEA San Juan
› Panicum Virgatum EEA Anguil
› Sorghum EEA Manfredi
› Sugar cane EEA Famaillá
INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE TECNOLOGIA AGROPECUARIA
Construction of a geographical bioenergy information systemconsidering agronomical ecological economical and social aspects
Aim:
Multicriteria
approachReal
world
Data base
GIS
Users
Geographical analysis of potential biofuel crops
ATLAS
Spatial study to define the potenti of biofuels production
Step I
Regional bioclimatic maps
Water requirements
Temperature and radiation
Fotoperiod
Chill resistance – high temperatures
High medium and low potential areas are defined
List of potential crops for biofuels
Soil use capacity
(Mapa INTA escala 1:500.000)
( 1: 500.000 ) agroecological maps for each crop GIS
GLOBAL LAND
COVER MAP
(GLC 2000 – JRC)
INVENTARIO
MONTE NATIVO
(SAyDS)
INVENTARIO
FORESTAL
(SAGPyA)
LC250_2
98 CLASES DE
COBERTURA DEL SUELO
AVAILABLE
INCREMENT
MAP
(máx, med, min)
ACCESIBLE
INCREMENT MAP
(máx, med, min)
SUBSTRACT OTHER
NON ENERGY USESS
INCREMENT COMMERCIAL
AVAILABLE MAP (máx, med, min)
Power (MW) PCI= 4 ter/kg (tm)
Relation
Tm/M
W
5 40.000 8.000
12 78.000 6.500
25 135.000 5.400
BIOMASS DISPONIBILITY FOR BIOENERGY AT LOCAL LEVEL
For assessing economic
aspects of new technologies you
need to know where is the
available feedstock and in what amount .
Selection of crops with a potential to be used for
biofuel production
Generate the map of bioclimatic aptitude for each crop
attending to:
Water ,temperature and solar radiation requeriments
Frost resistence, etc
Using SMN and INTA`s weather databases from 1971 to 2000, areas
with high, medium, low or marginal climatic aptitude where
delimited for each crop.
Generate a Soil aptitud map for each crop with four categories
( Based on INTA`s digital Soil Map 1967- scale 1:500.000)
Agroecological Map for each crop ( 1: 500.000 )
SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF THE POTENTIAL CROPS FOR THE
PRODUCION OF BIOFUELS IN ARGENTINA
Methodology – 1st step
Restricted Areas to agriculture under biodiversity and legal consideration
Agroecological Aptitude for soybean under biodiversity and legal considerations.
Energy balance a continuous work
CULTIVOS CONSUMOS
MÍNIMOS
INGRESOS BALANCE
E Prod. E Subpr. VEN 1 VEN 2 RE 1 RE 2
Colza 17,31 35,00 25,37 17,69 43,06 2,02 3,49
Girasol Convenc. 18,72 35,00 20,00 16,28 36,28 1,87 2,94
Girasol SD 22,32 35,00 20,00 12,68 32,68 1,57 2,46
Girasol SD T.P. 20,42 35,00 20,00 14,58 34,58 1,71 2,69
Soja 1° Convenc. 22,32 35,00 81,75 12,68 94,43 1,57 5,23
Soja 1° SD 24,22 35,00 81,75 10,78 92,53 1,45 4,82
Soja 1° SD T.P. 18,02 35,00 81,75 16,98 98,73 1,94 6,48
Soja 2° SD 22,42 35,00 81,75 12,58 94,33 1,56 5,21
Maíz Convenc. M.H 15,27 22,50 3,34 7,23 10,57 1,47 1,69
Maíz Convenc. M.S 16,32 22,50 3,09 6,18 9,27 1,38 1,57
Maíz SD M.H 15,27 22,50 3,34 7,23 10,57 1,47 1,69
Maíz SD M.S 16,32 22,50 3,09 6,18 9,27 1,38 1,57
Maíz SD T.P. M.H 15,47 22,50 3,34 7,03 10,37 1,45 1,67
Maíz SD T.P. M.S 16,52 22,50 3,09 5,98 9,07 1,36 1,55
Sorgo Convenc. 14,18 22,50 3,65 8,32 11,97 1,59 1,84
Sorgo SD 15,48 22,50 3,65 7,02 10,67 1,45 1,69
Fuente: L Donato I Huerga IIR 2008
RE 1 Balance sin cobproductos
RE 2 Balance con cobproductos
Implementation of the international protocol to validate technologies
Empresa Biometano del Sur planta M Paz
Specífic project
Generation & development of second and third generation biofuels
The project is focused on the improvement of ethanol production from
cellulosic materials:
Bacteria biodiversity studies using met genomic tools looking for cellulose
degradations. (ex rumen environment).
Evaluation of identified genes within different protein recombinant
expression (bacteria's, yeast Piccia pastoris,). Enzymes that can degrade
cellulose and sugars table to be assimilate by alcohol yeast and bacteria
are going to be pursue.
Escherichia coli improvement for optimizing ethanol production and other
useful products coming from sugars.
INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE TECNOLOGIA AGROPECUARIA
Work strategy
Muestras ambientales
ADN
Biblioteca de celulasas
metagenómica
Aislamiento de microorganismos
Caracterización genotípica y
fenotípica
Análisis microbiológico
Recuento de microorganismos celulolíticos
NMP
Aislamiento de microorganismos celulolíticos
Caracterización fenotípica
Caracterización genotípica
Rep-PCRPara analizar la diversidad de los aislamientos
Seq 16 S rDNAPara clasificarlos taxonómicamente, es decir¿Quiénes son?
Análisis microbiológico
Purificación de ADN
Biblioteca
Diseño de primers
validación
Metagenoma Biblioteca de celulasas
ADN
Screening funcional secuenciación
Aislamiento de bacterias anaerobias estrictas celulolíticas del compartimiento C-1 de las llamas
INSTITUTO DE PATOBIOLOGIA
INTA CASTELAR
Obtención de licor ruminal para la preparación de medios de cultivo
Preparación de medios de cultivo: Mediante flujo constante de CO2 . Los tubos son cerrados con tapa de butilo. Esterilizados en autoclave
Preparación medios de cultivo
Specific project
Vegetable strategic resources with energy application
The project initially is focused on technology development of
Jatropha:
Development of field agronomical management Jatropha.
Molecular genetic improvement J. curcas L.
Ecofisiology J. curcas L.
Micro propagations development.
Oil quality and biodiesel analysis.
INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE TECNOLOGIA AGROPECUARIA
Mejoramiento Genético: presencia de Jatropha
nativas.
21/5/2008 19/6/20083/1/2008
Injertos:
J. curcas / J.macrocarpa ; JCL/J. hieronymi
Para evaluar esta tecnología es fundamental la micropropagación!!
Se basará en el estudio de la ecofisiología de las
Jatropha nativas.
Desarrollo de tecnología de manejo específico.
Cerrillos (Salta)
24 /7/ 2009: -8°C
25/7/09: -6°C
21 set 200921 set 2009
Avances del módulo de pre breeding
3er Trimestre (TC)
Marcador
JCL México
JCL Orán
J. macrocarpa
Marcador
3 PCR con el mismo par de primers:Diferencias nucleotídicas en JCL México, JCL Orán y J. macrocarpa.
Se están secuenciandolas bandas para determinar dónde están las diferencias.
JATROPHA Challenges
Genetic improvement
Frost resistance
Mechanized harvesting
Low value of product and need to obtain food orfeed products
Sanitary requirements
Water and fertilizer
Watch high risk marginal land stability
Competition with other more profitable crops
Specífic project
Generation & development of second and third generation biofuels
The project is focused on the improvement of ethanol production from
cellulosic materials:
Bacteria biodiversity studies using met genomic tools looking for cellulose
degradations. (ex rumen environment).
Evaluation of identified genes within different protein recombinant expression
(bacteria's, yeast Piccia pastoris,). Enzymes that can degrade cellulose and sugars
table to be assimilate by alcohol yeast and bacteria are going to be pursue.
Escherichia coli improvement for optimizing ethanol production and other useful
products coming from sugars.
INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE TECNOLOGIA AGROPECUARIA
Establecimiento Localidad
Propietario Provincia
Período Evaluado Ecorregión
Indicator 0 % Percentage of anual crops
Index 1 Mj/ha/año Fossil fuel consumption
Index 2 Mj EF/Mj prod. Fossil fuel use efficiency
Index 3 kg/ha/año Nitrogen balance
Index 4 kg/ha/año Phosphorus balance
Index 5 Indice relativo N risk of contamination
Index 6 Indice relativo P resk of contamination
Index 7 Indice relativo Pesticide resk of contamination
Index 8 Indice relativo Soil erosion risk
Index 9 Indice relativo Habitat intervention
Index 10 ton/ha/año Carbon stock
Index 11 ton/ha/año Greenhouse gases balance
25,000
3.458,640
0,244
5,841
-20,700
0,250
0,000
0,075
0,492
0,045
-0,156
12,805
La Rosita Santa Rosa
Juan Pérez La Pampa
1990 - 2003 Pampa central semiárida
ECOTOXICAL AGRO INDEX
SYSTEM
Maria Elena Zacagnini
Natural resource national research center
The program combines field and GOS folowup information regarding birds populations and the effect of agrochemical use, risks and
agricultural expansion in different territories
I.N.T.A. CASTELAR – INSTITUTO DE CLIMA Y AGUA
SKY ARROW 650 E.R.A.Environmental Research Aircraft
INTA GHG monitoring on agricultural land
Main sensors in the platform
No till technolgy conservs energy
water resources and carbon in the
soilsEach mm. of usefull water gained
means:
18 a 24 kg/ha o corn
5 a 7 kg/ha of soy beans
8 a 12 kg/ha of wheat
Casas, 2003
INCREMENT IN SOIL CARBON THROUGH NO TILLAGE PRACTICES IN ARGENTINA
WHEAT – SOY – CORN ROTATION
The no-till system Concept
New agricultural paradigm
Productive system based on the lack of tillage and the presence of permanent cover of the soil via crops and residues
In NT the function of the roots and the fauna plays an important role in the soil porosity regeneration
The highest biodiversity in agricultural ecosystems relies in the soil
This biodiversity is highly preserved and increased
The aggregates are formed in layers, in relation to the cultural residues replacement. The action of the saprophytic fungi facilitates the soil aggregation.
Source: Moraes Sá, 2004
AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION
Intensive application of technology
Farmers knowledge share
History and experience
Presition agriculture
Since 1996 to2006 Argentina is responsable of 92 % of the increment in vegetable oil world commerce, increasing
exports in 3,21 millon tones
Evolution af presition agriculture components
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2009
Yield monitors 50 200 300 450 560 600 850 1300 1600 2500 6200
Yield monitors with
GPS25 75 155 270 400 420 600 900 1300 2200 2750
Yield monitors with no GPS 25 125 145 180 160 180 250 400 300 300 380
Variable rate planters VRT fertilizers
3 4 5 6 10 12 25 40 130 500 1400
Planting monitors 400 500 700 1000 1300 1500 1800 2200 3000 4200 9500
Aeroplane GPS
parallel swathing
swathing
35 60 100 160 200 230 300 450 480 550 700
Spayers GPS parallel swathing
0 10 70 200 400 500 2000 3000 4000 500010500
Automatic guidance 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 25 50 650
Nitrogen sensors 0 0 2 2 4 5 6 7 7 12 22
Date Presition agriculture project INTA
Argentina is the 2nd country by number of yield monitors after US
Recent local electronic developments
Central automathic control.
Yield monitor with GPRS
transfer of data
Why?
Because there are scientific fundamentals that correlate soil health indicator values with agronomical practices
Because there are distinctive advantages of Argentina´s type of farming that must be proved and exported.
Productive and environmental quality management system in CA (QMS/CA)
GAP’sAAPRESID THE NATIONAL PRIVATE ASOCIATION OF
NO TILLAGE FARMERS IS PROMOTING A NEW CERTIFICATION PROCESS
Instalation in the media
and information channells
Policy makers
respond to changes in
social perception
Requirements fall on
Legislation & control and commerce institutions
Search for scientific and
technical bases from Universities
and research centres & institutions
INSTALATION OF BIOFUEL PERCEPTION
IN THE SOCIETY
Economic actors
Media
NGO
Contact information
Ing.Agr. M.Sc. Jorge A. Hilbert
National Bioenergy Program INTA
Tel +54 11 4665-0495 0450
Mail [email protected]
Web page http://www.inta.gov.ar/info/bioenergia
Mobile +54911 4143-4394
Corporative mobile INTA +54911 5961-4369