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Expert Consultation Green House Gases emissions from biofuels and bioenergy. National bioenergy program

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Expert Consultation

Green House Gases emissions from biofuels and bioenergy.

National bioenergy program

is a public decentralized body subordinated to the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries with

operative and financial autarchy.

MISSION

“”To carry out and foster actions addressing the innovation of

agricultural and livestock, agro-food and agro-industrial sectors to contribute to the competitiveness of agro-industrial chains, environmental health and sustainability of productive systems, social equity and territorial development, through

research, technological development and extension”. (2005-2015 Institutional Strategic Plan)

NATIONAL STRUCTURE

• Central office B.A.

• 15 Regionales centers

• 47 Experimental stations

• 4 Research centers

• 13 Research institutes

• 240 Extension units

• 9 Innovation parks

• INTA group members:

• Foundation ArgenINTA

Private company INTEA S.A

7300 EMPLOYEES

Year budget 250 M dollars

http://www.inta.gov.ar

ARGENTINA

ARGENTINA: FACTS AND FIGURES

Official name: Argentine Republic

Chief of state: Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER

Capital: Buenos Aires

Area: 2.8 million sq km

Population: 40 million inhabitants

GDP (purchasing power parity): US$ 560 billion

GDP - per capita (PPP): US$ 14,000

Source: CIA-The World Factbook and INDEC

ARGENTINE GDP ANNUAL GROWTH 2003-2007

IN PERCENTAGE %

8.59.0 9.2

0.9

5.0

8.78.8

6.8

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

ARGENTINA

3.700 Km

3.700 Km1.300 Km

ARGENTINA

ARGENTINE ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY SOURCE

Source: Department of Energy, Argentina

Coal

2%

Others

4%

Nuclear

2%Hydro

6%

Natural Gas

41%

Oil

45%

ARGENTINA

LIQUID FUELS - CONSUMPTION

Fuente: Secretaría de Energía

DIESEL

OIL

66%

GASOLINE

17%CNG

17%

Argentina imports 3 to 4% of total diesel oil

ARGENTINA

Argentine Grain Production

- in million tons -

62,0

95,0

69,469,2 70,8

95,0 97,3

84,5

67,4

76,5

-

20,0

40,0

60,0

80,0

100,0

120,0

2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10

(*)

ARGENTINE GRAIN PRODUCTION

Source: Ministry of Agriculture, livestock and fisheries of Argentina

(*) Estimated

ARGENTINA

Argentine total grain production for the 2007/2008 reached 95,0 million tons.

SOY, CORN and WHEAT account for almost 90% of total grain production.

ARGENTINE GRAIN PRODUCTION

Source: Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries - Argentina

Total Grain Production 2007/2008 season:

Grain Planted area Production Share

million hectares million tons %

SOY 16.6 46.2 47%

CORN 4.2 22.0 23%

WHEAT 6.0 16.3 17%

SUNFLOWER 2.6 4.7 5%

SORGHUM 0.8 2.9 3%

OTHERS 1.8 5.2 5%

TOTAL 32.0 97.3 100%

ARGENTINA

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

23 Biodiesel plants

Total production capacity : 2,5 million tons.

Total Investments: US$ 500 million

Source: Department of Energy and CARBIO

(*) Projected

Argentine Biodiesel Markets

- in thousand tons -

168

1150

725

1200

800

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

2007 2008 2009 2010 (*)

Domestic

Export

ARGENTINA

FOREST LAW No. 26331 – December 2007

The law establishes:

•A moratorium on any natural forest cutting until each province

produces a Native Forest Land Inventory and Land Management

Plan.

•An obligation to produce an environmental impact study and hold

a public hearing before approving any clearing.

•Respect for the rights of indigenous and rural communities over

forests they use.

•A prohibition on open burning of forest cuttings waste.

http://www.infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/135000-139999/136125/norma.htm

ARGENTINA

FOREST LAW No. 26331 – November 2007

Argentine

provinces have

begun enacting

land zoning

policies under

the Forest

Law’s land

management

provisions,

laying out areas

where

agricultural

expansion is

banned due to

environmental

concerns and

areas where

agricultural

expansion is

permissible.

Very High Conservation Value Forest Areas

Forest Conservation Areas

Potential Productive Areas

Current Productive Areas

ECONOMY

Cost freigh distances

ECOLOGY

Sensible ecosystms biodiversity, soil water and air

conservation

SOCIAL ASPECTS

working conditions

health and security

Susteinableproduction

OUR PARTICULAR VIEW OF BIOENERGY

Secure the supply of sustainable bioenergy

sources and services, taking care and

supporting sustainable development, national

energy security, poverty reduction, climate

change attenuation & environmental

equilibrium in all the national territory

INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE TECNOLOGIA AGROPECUARIA

Traditional crops and residues for

bioenergy production

Generation & development of second

and third generation biofuels

Strategic development of

plant resources

with energy applications

Tool development for a sustainable growth of bioenergy production from

different sources

RSB

Global-Biopact

BIALEMA

CYTED

Babethanol

Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria

Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos

Instituto de Biotecnología

Instituto de Clima y Agua

Instituto de Ingeniería Rural

Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola

Castelar National Research Centre

National Bioenergy Program

Office & research groups

http://www.inta.gov.ar/info/bioenergia/bio.htm

Specífic project

Residues and traditional crops for bioenergy production

Energy balance, life cycle analysis LCA.

Reference laboratory for fuels homologation and efficiency studies.

Development of a Geographic Information System at a national level

considering crops and residues for bioenery purposes.

Development of particular crop study networks :› Rape seed EEA Barrow

› Carthamus EEA Ascasubi

› Corn EEA Pergamino

› Topinambur EEA Manfredi

› Sugar beet EEA San Juan

› Panicum Virgatum EEA Anguil

› Sorghum EEA Manfredi

› Sugar cane EEA Famaillá

INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE TECNOLOGIA AGROPECUARIA

Construction of a geographical bioenergy information systemconsidering agronomical ecological economical and social aspects

Aim:

Multicriteria

approachReal

world

Data base

GIS

Users

Geographical analysis of potential biofuel crops

ATLAS

Spatial study to define the potenti of biofuels production

Step I

Regional bioclimatic maps

Water requirements

Temperature and radiation

Fotoperiod

Chill resistance – high temperatures

High medium and low potential areas are defined

List of potential crops for biofuels

Soil use capacity

(Mapa INTA escala 1:500.000)

( 1: 500.000 ) agroecological maps for each crop GIS

Wisdom FAO

Argentina

GLOBAL LAND

COVER MAP

(GLC 2000 – JRC)

INVENTARIO

MONTE NATIVO

(SAyDS)

INVENTARIO

FORESTAL

(SAGPyA)

LC250_2

98 CLASES DE

COBERTURA DEL SUELO

FISICAL & LEGAL ACSESS

AVAILABLE

INCREMENT

MAP

(máx, med, min)

ACCESIBLE

INCREMENT MAP

(máx, med, min)

SUBSTRACT OTHER

NON ENERGY USESS

INCREMENT COMMERCIAL

AVAILABLE MAP (máx, med, min)

Power (MW) PCI= 4 ter/kg (tm)

Relation

Tm/M

W

5 40.000 8.000

12 78.000 6.500

25 135.000 5.400

BIOMASS DISPONIBILITY FOR BIOENERGY AT LOCAL LEVEL

For assessing economic

aspects of new technologies you

need to know where is the

available feedstock and in what amount .

STOCK AVAILABLE INCREMENT ANNUAL MEAN

Selection of crops with a potential to be used for

biofuel production

Generate the map of bioclimatic aptitude for each crop

attending to:

Water ,temperature and solar radiation requeriments

Frost resistence, etc

Using SMN and INTA`s weather databases from 1971 to 2000, areas

with high, medium, low or marginal climatic aptitude where

delimited for each crop.

Generate a Soil aptitud map for each crop with four categories

( Based on INTA`s digital Soil Map 1967- scale 1:500.000)

Agroecological Map for each crop ( 1: 500.000 )

SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF THE POTENTIAL CROPS FOR THE

PRODUCION OF BIOFUELS IN ARGENTINA

Methodology – 1st step

Bioclimatic aptitude map

Land capability map (I to VIII)

Land capability map for soybean

Restricted Areas to agriculture under biodiversity and legal consideration

Agroecological Aptitude for soybean under biodiversity and legal considerations.

Energy balance a continuous work

CULTIVOS CONSUMOS

MÍNIMOS

INGRESOS BALANCE

E Prod. E Subpr. VEN 1 VEN 2 RE 1 RE 2

Colza 17,31 35,00 25,37 17,69 43,06 2,02 3,49

Girasol Convenc. 18,72 35,00 20,00 16,28 36,28 1,87 2,94

Girasol SD 22,32 35,00 20,00 12,68 32,68 1,57 2,46

Girasol SD T.P. 20,42 35,00 20,00 14,58 34,58 1,71 2,69

Soja 1° Convenc. 22,32 35,00 81,75 12,68 94,43 1,57 5,23

Soja 1° SD 24,22 35,00 81,75 10,78 92,53 1,45 4,82

Soja 1° SD T.P. 18,02 35,00 81,75 16,98 98,73 1,94 6,48

Soja 2° SD 22,42 35,00 81,75 12,58 94,33 1,56 5,21

Maíz Convenc. M.H 15,27 22,50 3,34 7,23 10,57 1,47 1,69

Maíz Convenc. M.S 16,32 22,50 3,09 6,18 9,27 1,38 1,57

Maíz SD M.H 15,27 22,50 3,34 7,23 10,57 1,47 1,69

Maíz SD M.S 16,32 22,50 3,09 6,18 9,27 1,38 1,57

Maíz SD T.P. M.H 15,47 22,50 3,34 7,03 10,37 1,45 1,67

Maíz SD T.P. M.S 16,52 22,50 3,09 5,98 9,07 1,36 1,55

Sorgo Convenc. 14,18 22,50 3,65 8,32 11,97 1,59 1,84

Sorgo SD 15,48 22,50 3,65 7,02 10,67 1,45 1,69

Fuente: L Donato I Huerga IIR 2008

RE 1 Balance sin cobproductos

RE 2 Balance con cobproductos

Modelo de digestor PHRVC

Implementation of the international protocol to validate technologies

Empresa Biometano del Sur planta M Paz

El biometano alimenta dos desactivadoras de soja

Specífic project

Generation & development of second and third generation biofuels

The project is focused on the improvement of ethanol production from

cellulosic materials:

Bacteria biodiversity studies using met genomic tools looking for cellulose

degradations. (ex rumen environment).

Evaluation of identified genes within different protein recombinant

expression (bacteria's, yeast Piccia pastoris,). Enzymes that can degrade

cellulose and sugars table to be assimilate by alcohol yeast and bacteria

are going to be pursue.

Escherichia coli improvement for optimizing ethanol production and other

useful products coming from sugars.

INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE TECNOLOGIA AGROPECUARIA

Work strategy

Muestras ambientales

ADN

Biblioteca de celulasas

metagenómica

Aislamiento de microorganismos

Caracterización genotípica y

fenotípica

Soil samples

Análisis microbiológico

Recuento de microorganismos celulolíticos

NMP

Aislamiento de microorganismos celulolíticos

Caracterización fenotípica

Caracterización genotípica

Rep-PCRPara analizar la diversidad de los aislamientos

Seq 16 S rDNAPara clasificarlos taxonómicamente, es decir¿Quiénes son?

Análisis microbiológico

Purificación de ADN de muestras de suelo

ADN

Muestras enriquecidas

Purificación de ADN

Biblioteca

Diseño de primers

validación

Metagenoma Biblioteca de celulasas

ADN

Screening funcional secuenciación

Aislamiento de bacterias anaerobias estrictas celulolíticas del compartimiento C-1 de las llamas

INSTITUTO DE PATOBIOLOGIA

INTA CASTELAR

Obtención de licor ruminal para la preparación de medios de cultivo

Preparación de medios de cultivo: Mediante flujo constante de CO2 . Los tubos son cerrados con tapa de butilo. Esterilizados en autoclave

Preparación medios de cultivo

Specific project

Vegetable strategic resources with energy application

The project initially is focused on technology development of

Jatropha:

Development of field agronomical management Jatropha.

Molecular genetic improvement J. curcas L.

Ecofisiology J. curcas L.

Micro propagations development.

Oil quality and biodiesel analysis.

INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE TECNOLOGIA AGROPECUARIA

Mejoramiento Genético: presencia de Jatropha

nativas.

21/5/2008 19/6/20083/1/2008

Injertos:

J. curcas / J.macrocarpa ; JCL/J. hieronymi

Para evaluar esta tecnología es fundamental la micropropagación!!

Se basará en el estudio de la ecofisiología de las

Jatropha nativas.

Desarrollo de tecnología de manejo específico.

Cerrillos (Salta)

24 /7/ 2009: -8°C

25/7/09: -6°C

21 set 200921 set 2009

Avances del módulo de pre breeding

3er Trimestre (TC)

Marcador

JCL México

JCL Orán

J. macrocarpa

Marcador

3 PCR con el mismo par de primers:Diferencias nucleotídicas en JCL México, JCL Orán y J. macrocarpa.

Se están secuenciandolas bandas para determinar dónde están las diferencias.

JATROPHA Challenges

Genetic improvement

Frost resistance

Mechanized harvesting

Low value of product and need to obtain food orfeed products

Sanitary requirements

Water and fertilizer

Watch high risk marginal land stability

Competition with other more profitable crops

Specífic project

Generation & development of second and third generation biofuels

The project is focused on the improvement of ethanol production from

cellulosic materials:

Bacteria biodiversity studies using met genomic tools looking for cellulose

degradations. (ex rumen environment).

Evaluation of identified genes within different protein recombinant expression

(bacteria's, yeast Piccia pastoris,). Enzymes that can degrade cellulose and sugars

table to be assimilate by alcohol yeast and bacteria are going to be pursue.

Escherichia coli improvement for optimizing ethanol production and other useful

products coming from sugars.

INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE TECNOLOGIA AGROPECUARIA

INTA PROJECTS AND ACTIONS REGARDING

SOIL WATER & BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Haga click para continuar

Establecimiento Localidad

Propietario Provincia

Período Evaluado Ecorregión

Indicator 0 % Percentage of anual crops

Index 1 Mj/ha/año Fossil fuel consumption

Index 2 Mj EF/Mj prod. Fossil fuel use efficiency

Index 3 kg/ha/año Nitrogen balance

Index 4 kg/ha/año Phosphorus balance

Index 5 Indice relativo N risk of contamination

Index 6 Indice relativo P resk of contamination

Index 7 Indice relativo Pesticide resk of contamination

Index 8 Indice relativo Soil erosion risk

Index 9 Indice relativo Habitat intervention

Index 10 ton/ha/año Carbon stock

Index 11 ton/ha/año Greenhouse gases balance

25,000

3.458,640

0,244

5,841

-20,700

0,250

0,000

0,075

0,492

0,045

-0,156

12,805

La Rosita Santa Rosa

Juan Pérez La Pampa

1990 - 2003 Pampa central semiárida

ECOTOXICAL AGRO INDEX

SYSTEM

Maria Elena Zacagnini

Natural resource national research center

The program combines field and GOS folowup information regarding birds populations and the effect of agrochemical use, risks and

agricultural expansion in different territories

Biodiversity search on different agroecosystems

Abundance(Zenaida auriculata

2002, 2003 and 2004(Zenaida auriculata

2002, 2003 and 2004

I.N.T.A. CASTELAR – INSTITUTO DE CLIMA Y AGUA

SKY ARROW 650 E.R.A.Environmental Research Aircraft

INTA GHG monitoring on agricultural land

Main sensors in the platform

ENVIRONMENT ASPECTS OF

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN

ARGENTINAJorge Antonio Hilbert

No till technolgy conservs energy

water resources and carbon in the

soilsEach mm. of usefull water gained

means:

18 a 24 kg/ha o corn

5 a 7 kg/ha of soy beans

8 a 12 kg/ha of wheat

The no-till system Concept

New agricultural paradigm

Productive system based on the lack of tillage and the presence of permanent cover of the soil via crops and residues

In NT the function of the roots and the fauna plays an important role in the soil porosity regeneration

The highest biodiversity in agricultural ecosystems relies in the soil

This biodiversity is highly preserved and increased

The aggregates are formed in layers, in relation to the cultural residues replacement. The action of the saprophytic fungi facilitates the soil aggregation.

Source: Moraes Sá, 2004

AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION

Intensive application of technology

Farmers knowledge share

History and experience

Presition agriculture

Since 1996 to2006 Argentina is responsable of 92 % of the increment in vegetable oil world commerce, increasing

exports in 3,21 millon tones

Evolution af presition agriculture components

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2009

Yield monitors 50 200 300 450 560 600 850 1300 1600 2500 6200

Yield monitors with

GPS25 75 155 270 400 420 600 900 1300 2200 2750

Yield monitors with no GPS 25 125 145 180 160 180 250 400 300 300 380

Variable rate planters VRT fertilizers

3 4 5 6 10 12 25 40 130 500 1400

Planting monitors 400 500 700 1000 1300 1500 1800 2200 3000 4200 9500

Aeroplane GPS

parallel swathing

swathing

35 60 100 160 200 230 300 450 480 550 700

Spayers GPS parallel swathing

0 10 70 200 400 500 2000 3000 4000 500010500

Automatic guidance 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 25 50 650

Nitrogen sensors 0 0 2 2 4 5 6 7 7 12 22

Date Presition agriculture project INTA

Argentina is the 2nd country by number of yield monitors after US

PRESITION NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

N-Sensor

Green Seeker RT 200

Green Seeker

manual

Green Seeker RT 200

High tec mature farmmachinery technology

Development of high levelemployment in rural towns

Recent local electronic developments

Central automathic control.

Yield monitor with GPRS

transfer of data

Why?

Because there are scientific fundamentals that correlate soil health indicator values with agronomical practices

Because there are distinctive advantages of Argentina´s type of farming that must be proved and exported.

Productive and environmental quality management system in CA (QMS/CA)

GAP’sAAPRESID THE NATIONAL PRIVATE ASOCIATION OF

NO TILLAGE FARMERS IS PROMOTING A NEW CERTIFICATION PROCESS

Agriculturephase

Industrial

phase

Transport

phase

ARGENTINA SOYBEAN BIODIESEL CASE STUDY

Instalation in the media

and information channells

Policy makers

respond to changes in

social perception

Requirements fall on

Legislation & control and commerce institutions

Search for scientific and

technical bases from Universities

and research centres & institutions

INSTALATION OF BIOFUEL PERCEPTION

IN THE SOCIETY

Economic actors

Media

NGO

Contact information

Ing.Agr. M.Sc. Jorge A. Hilbert

National Bioenergy Program INTA

Tel +54 11 4665-0495 0450

Mail [email protected]

Web page http://www.inta.gov.ar/info/bioenergia

Mobile +54911 4143-4394

Corporative mobile INTA +54911 5961-4369