experience in soft ground engineering - ags (hkags-hk.org/notes/18/05_softsoil_jeff.pdfsoft soil...

Insert Heading

AGS (HK) Seminar on Reclamation

Experience in Soft Ground Engineering

Dr Jeff Hsi 29th November 2014

1

Outline

bull Soft Soil Behaviour

bull Characteristics amp Issues

bull Investigation amp Interpretation

bull Design Considerations

bull Treatment Options

bull Observational Approach

bull Risk Management

2

Soft Soil Behaviour

bull Build-up of pore water pressure when loaded

bull Undrained deformation of soil - instantaneous

bull Dissipation of excess pore water pressure

bull Increase in effective stress in soil

bull Consolidation settlement (primary settlement) ndash time dependent

bull Strength gains in soil

bull Creep settlement (secondary settlement) ndash long term

Voids (Water)

Soil Particles

Saturated Soil 3

Characteristics amp Issues

Soft Soil Characteristics

bull High compressibility

bull Low strength

bull Low permeability

Soft Soil Issues

bull Excessive ground movement during and post construction

bull Instability failure of embankment

bull Slow consolidation and prolonged settlement time during construction

4

Characteristics amp Issues Construction Access

Y2C

BBA CKE

BBA 5

Characteristics amp Issues Excessive Ground Movement

Y2C

Y2C

6

Characteristics amp Issues Embankment Failure

Y2C GUP

Vietnam

7

Characteristics amp Issues Differential Settlement

Raleigh Deviation

8


Sunshine Motorway

SCCP

9

Investigation amp Interpretation

bull Subsurface profile

bull Drainage boundaries

bull Groundwater table piezometric levels

bull Compressibility

bull Strength

bull Hydraulic conductivity (ie permeability coefficient of consolidation)

10

Investigation amp Interpretation CPTU PPDT

Y2C

11

Investigation amp Interpretation 00

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

10 15 20 25

Dep

th (m

)

Bulk Density (kNm3)

0 20 40 60 80 100

Undrained Shear Strength Cu (kPa)

Field Shear VaneShear Vane Residual

0 1 2 3 4 5OCR

(SuSu(NC))^1mσp σv

0 50 100 150Atterberg Limit ()

Moisture ContentLiquid LimitPlastic Limit

0 1 2Liquidity Index

0 2 4 6 8cv (m2yr)

0 001 002 003Cαε

00

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

0 02 04 06

Dep

th (m

)

Ccε0 002 004 006

Crε

BAC 12

Design Considerations

bull Stability (short amp long terms)

bull Settlement (total amp differential)

bull Construction program time constraints

bull Design life and durability

bull Functionality serviceability

bull Maintenance

13


Dp

t1 ltlt t2

With W D

t1

Time (log)

Sett

lem

ent

No W D

t2

Dp (Max Drainage Path)

Use of wick drains to speed up consolidation settlement

14


t1 t2 lt t3

Ssrsquo lt Ss

HF

H

HF

FSL

HF = Preload Height

t3

S Ssrsquo

Ss

t2 t1

HS

HS

HS ndash HF = Surcharge Height

t

Use of surcharge to reduce preload time amp long term creep settlement

15

Design Considerations Ladd 1989 ndash reduction of Cα as a result of increase in OCR

16

Design Considerations Use of piles columns to eliminate settlement and control differential settlement

17


Design Process

bull Checks Settlement Stability

bull Treatment options No treatment Preload amp Surcharge Preload and surcharge with wick drains Rigid semi-rigid inclusions

18

Treatment Options

Above Ground

bull Embankment reinforcement ndash high strength geotextile

bull Light weight fill ndash geoform bottom ash

bull Stabilisation berm

Below Ground

bull Soft inclusions ndash wick drains vacuum consolidation electro-osmosis

bull Semi-rigid inclusions ndash sand compaction piles stone columns DRVR deep soil mixing

bull Rigid inclusions ndash concrete injected columns CFA piles timber piles reinforced concrete driven piles

19

Treatment Options Preload surcharge amp wick drains

20

Treatment Options Rigid amp semi-rigid inclusions

21

Treatment Options High Strength Geotextile

Raleigh Deviation

Y2C

22

Treatment Options Light Weight Fill

BAC

450mm Dia CMC PILES OR EQUIVALENT

PILE L CMC CURTAIN WI

CONTROLLED

WICK

PAVEMENT

SELECT FILL

EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM

FOUNDATION SOIL(WITH FOUNDATION TREATMENT)

MINIMUM 200mm THICK SAND BED HDPE MEMBRANE

MINIMUM 1000mm AT CENTRE OF ROAD

UM 150mm THICK LIGHTLY ORCED CONCRETE SLAB

23

Treatment Options Stabilising Berm

Y2C

24

Treatment Options Wick Drains

Y2C 25

Treatment Options Vacuum Consolidation

BBA

26

Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash DR

WM7 27

Treatment Options Stone Columns ndash VR

28

Treatment Options Sand Compaction Piles

CKE 29

Treatment Options Deep Soil Mixing

30

Treatment Options Concrete Injected Columns

BH2Y 31

Treatment Options CFA Columns

GUP

32

Treatment Options Driven Piles

CWL Y2C 33

Observational Approach

bull Instrumentation amp monitoring Settlement plates Surface pins Settlement stakes Piezometers amp observation wells Inclinometers

bull Performance Pore pressure dissipation Rate and magnitude of settlement Embankment stability

bull Back analysis Calibration of geotechnical model Adjustment of design and construction Prediction of long term performance

34

Observational Approach Settlement

Instrumented embankment

35


Pore pressure Lateral soil movement

36

Risk Management

bull Geotechnical investigation

bull Interpretation

bull Geotechnical model

bull Design amp construction

bull Instrumentation amp monitoring

bull Back analysis amp calibration of assumptions

bull Adjustment of design amp construction

bull Prediction of future performance

Risk Management

Initial GeotechnicalInvestigations

Past Experience andLocal Knowledge

First PassDesign

Construction

AdditionalGeotechnicalInvestigations

Trial Embankments Instrumentation ampMonitoring

Calibration of Design

Modification ofConstruction

Prediction of LongTerm Performance

Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38

Outline

bull Soft Soil Behaviour

bull Characteristics amp Issues

bull Investigation amp Interpretation

bull Design Considerations

bull Treatment Options

bull Observational Approach

bull Risk Management

2

Soft Soil Behaviour








Voids (Water)

Soil Particles

Saturated Soil 3




bull Low strength


Soft Soil Issues




4


Y2C

BBA CKE

BBA 5


Y2C

Y2C

6


Y2C GUP

Vietnam

7


Raleigh Deviation

8


Sunshine Motorway

SCCP

9






bull Strength


10


Y2C

11


10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

10 15 20 25

Dep

th (m

)

Bulk Density (kNm3)

0 20 40 60 80 100



0 1 2 3 4 5OCR





0 2 4 6 8cv (m2yr)

0 001 002 003Cαε

00

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

0 02 04 06

Dep

th (m

)

Ccε0 002 004 006

Crε

BAC 12







bull Maintenance

13


Dp

t1 ltlt t2

With W D

t1

Time (log)

Sett

lem

ent

No W D

t2



14


t1 t2 lt t3

Ssrsquo lt Ss

HF

H

HF

FSL

HF = Preload Height

t3

S Ssrsquo

Ss

t2 t1

HS

HS


t


15


16


17


Design Process



18

Treatment Options

Above Ground




Below Ground




19


20


21


Raleigh Deviation

Y2C

22


BAC



CONTROLLED

WICK

PAVEMENT

SELECT FILL

EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM





23


Y2C

24


Y2C 25


BBA

26


WM7 27


28


CKE 29


30


BH2Y 31


GUP

32


CWL Y2C 33





34



35



36

Risk Management


bull Interpretation







Risk Management



First PassDesign

Construction






Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38

Soft Soil Behaviour








Voids (Water)

Soil Particles

Saturated Soil 3




bull Low strength


Soft Soil Issues




4


Y2C

BBA CKE

BBA 5


Y2C

Y2C

6


Y2C GUP

Vietnam

7


Raleigh Deviation

8


Sunshine Motorway

SCCP

9






bull Strength


10


Y2C

11


10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

10 15 20 25

Dep

th (m

)

Bulk Density (kNm3)

0 20 40 60 80 100



0 1 2 3 4 5OCR





0 2 4 6 8cv (m2yr)

0 001 002 003Cαε

00

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

0 02 04 06

Dep

th (m

)

Ccε0 002 004 006

Crε

BAC 12







bull Maintenance

13


Dp

t1 ltlt t2

With W D

t1

Time (log)

Sett

lem

ent

No W D

t2



14


t1 t2 lt t3

Ssrsquo lt Ss

HF

H

HF

FSL

HF = Preload Height

t3

S Ssrsquo

Ss

t2 t1

HS

HS


t


15


16


17


Design Process



18

Treatment Options

Above Ground




Below Ground




19


20


21


Raleigh Deviation

Y2C

22


BAC



CONTROLLED

WICK

PAVEMENT

SELECT FILL

EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM





23


Y2C

24


Y2C 25


BBA

26


WM7 27


28


CKE 29


30


BH2Y 31


GUP

32


CWL Y2C 33





34



35



36

Risk Management


bull Interpretation







Risk Management



First PassDesign

Construction






Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38




bull Low strength


Soft Soil Issues




4


Y2C

BBA CKE

BBA 5


Y2C

Y2C

6


Y2C GUP

Vietnam

7


Raleigh Deviation

8


Sunshine Motorway

SCCP

9






bull Strength


10


Y2C

11


10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

10 15 20 25

Dep

th (m

)

Bulk Density (kNm3)

0 20 40 60 80 100



0 1 2 3 4 5OCR





0 2 4 6 8cv (m2yr)

0 001 002 003Cαε

00

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

0 02 04 06

Dep

th (m

)

Ccε0 002 004 006

Crε

BAC 12







bull Maintenance

13


Dp

t1 ltlt t2

With W D

t1

Time (log)

Sett

lem

ent

No W D

t2



14


t1 t2 lt t3

Ssrsquo lt Ss

HF

H

HF

FSL

HF = Preload Height

t3

S Ssrsquo

Ss

t2 t1

HS

HS


t


15


16


17


Design Process



18

Treatment Options

Above Ground




Below Ground




19


20


21


Raleigh Deviation

Y2C

22


BAC



CONTROLLED

WICK

PAVEMENT

SELECT FILL

EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM





23


Y2C

24


Y2C 25


BBA

26


WM7 27


28


CKE 29


30


BH2Y 31


GUP

32


CWL Y2C 33





34



35



36

Risk Management


bull Interpretation







Risk Management



First PassDesign

Construction






Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38


Y2C

BBA CKE

BBA 5


Y2C

Y2C

6


Y2C GUP

Vietnam

7


Raleigh Deviation

8


Sunshine Motorway

SCCP

9






bull Strength


10


Y2C

11


10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

10 15 20 25

Dep

th (m

)

Bulk Density (kNm3)

0 20 40 60 80 100



0 1 2 3 4 5OCR





0 2 4 6 8cv (m2yr)

0 001 002 003Cαε

00

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

0 02 04 06

Dep

th (m

)

Ccε0 002 004 006

Crε

BAC 12







bull Maintenance

13


Dp

t1 ltlt t2

With W D

t1

Time (log)

Sett

lem

ent

No W D

t2



14


t1 t2 lt t3

Ssrsquo lt Ss

HF

H

HF

FSL

HF = Preload Height

t3

S Ssrsquo

Ss

t2 t1

HS

HS


t


15


16


17


Design Process



18

Treatment Options

Above Ground




Below Ground




19


20


21


Raleigh Deviation

Y2C

22


BAC



CONTROLLED

WICK

PAVEMENT

SELECT FILL

EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM





23


Y2C

24


Y2C 25


BBA

26


WM7 27


28


CKE 29


30


BH2Y 31


GUP

32


CWL Y2C 33





34



35



36

Risk Management


bull Interpretation







Risk Management



First PassDesign

Construction






Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38


Y2C

Y2C

6


Y2C GUP

Vietnam

7


Raleigh Deviation

8


Sunshine Motorway

SCCP

9






bull Strength


10


Y2C

11


10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

10 15 20 25

Dep

th (m

)

Bulk Density (kNm3)

0 20 40 60 80 100



0 1 2 3 4 5OCR





0 2 4 6 8cv (m2yr)

0 001 002 003Cαε

00

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

0 02 04 06

Dep

th (m

)

Ccε0 002 004 006

Crε

BAC 12







bull Maintenance

13


Dp

t1 ltlt t2

With W D

t1

Time (log)

Sett

lem

ent

No W D

t2



14


t1 t2 lt t3

Ssrsquo lt Ss

HF

H

HF

FSL

HF = Preload Height

t3

S Ssrsquo

Ss

t2 t1

HS

HS


t


15


16


17


Design Process



18

Treatment Options

Above Ground




Below Ground




19


20


21


Raleigh Deviation

Y2C

22


BAC



CONTROLLED

WICK

PAVEMENT

SELECT FILL

EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM





23


Y2C

24


Y2C 25


BBA

26


WM7 27


28


CKE 29


30


BH2Y 31


GUP

32


CWL Y2C 33





34



35



36

Risk Management


bull Interpretation







Risk Management



First PassDesign

Construction






Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38


Y2C GUP

Vietnam

7


Raleigh Deviation

8


Sunshine Motorway

SCCP

9






bull Strength


10


Y2C

11


10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

10 15 20 25

Dep

th (m

)

Bulk Density (kNm3)

0 20 40 60 80 100



0 1 2 3 4 5OCR





0 2 4 6 8cv (m2yr)

0 001 002 003Cαε

00

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

0 02 04 06

Dep

th (m

)

Ccε0 002 004 006

Crε

BAC 12







bull Maintenance

13


Dp

t1 ltlt t2

With W D

t1

Time (log)

Sett

lem

ent

No W D

t2



14


t1 t2 lt t3

Ssrsquo lt Ss

HF

H

HF

FSL

HF = Preload Height

t3

S Ssrsquo

Ss

t2 t1

HS

HS


t


15


16


17


Design Process



18

Treatment Options

Above Ground




Below Ground




19


20


21


Raleigh Deviation

Y2C

22


BAC



CONTROLLED

WICK

PAVEMENT

SELECT FILL

EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM





23


Y2C

24


Y2C 25


BBA

26


WM7 27


28


CKE 29


30


BH2Y 31


GUP

32


CWL Y2C 33





34



35



36

Risk Management


bull Interpretation







Risk Management



First PassDesign

Construction






Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38


Raleigh Deviation

8


Sunshine Motorway

SCCP

9






bull Strength


10


Y2C

11


10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

10 15 20 25

Dep

th (m

)

Bulk Density (kNm3)

0 20 40 60 80 100



0 1 2 3 4 5OCR





0 2 4 6 8cv (m2yr)

0 001 002 003Cαε

00

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

0 02 04 06

Dep

th (m

)

Ccε0 002 004 006

Crε

BAC 12







bull Maintenance

13


Dp

t1 ltlt t2

With W D

t1

Time (log)

Sett

lem

ent

No W D

t2



14


t1 t2 lt t3

Ssrsquo lt Ss

HF

H

HF

FSL

HF = Preload Height

t3

S Ssrsquo

Ss

t2 t1

HS

HS


t


15


16


17


Design Process



18

Treatment Options

Above Ground




Below Ground




19


20


21


Raleigh Deviation

Y2C

22


BAC



CONTROLLED

WICK

PAVEMENT

SELECT FILL

EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM





23


Y2C

24


Y2C 25


BBA

26


WM7 27


28


CKE 29


30


BH2Y 31


GUP

32


CWL Y2C 33





34



35



36

Risk Management


bull Interpretation







Risk Management



First PassDesign

Construction






Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38


Sunshine Motorway

SCCP

9






bull Strength


10


Y2C

11


10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

10 15 20 25

Dep

th (m

)

Bulk Density (kNm3)

0 20 40 60 80 100



0 1 2 3 4 5OCR





0 2 4 6 8cv (m2yr)

0 001 002 003Cαε

00

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

0 02 04 06

Dep

th (m

)

Ccε0 002 004 006

Crε

BAC 12







bull Maintenance

13


Dp

t1 ltlt t2

With W D

t1

Time (log)

Sett

lem

ent

No W D

t2



14


t1 t2 lt t3

Ssrsquo lt Ss

HF

H

HF

FSL

HF = Preload Height

t3

S Ssrsquo

Ss

t2 t1

HS

HS


t


15


16


17


Design Process



18

Treatment Options

Above Ground




Below Ground




19


20


21


Raleigh Deviation

Y2C

22


BAC



CONTROLLED

WICK

PAVEMENT

SELECT FILL

EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM





23


Y2C

24


Y2C 25


BBA

26


WM7 27


28


CKE 29


30


BH2Y 31


GUP

32


CWL Y2C 33





34



35



36

Risk Management


bull Interpretation







Risk Management



First PassDesign

Construction






Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38






bull Strength


10


Y2C

11


10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

10 15 20 25

Dep

th (m

)

Bulk Density (kNm3)

0 20 40 60 80 100



0 1 2 3 4 5OCR





0 2 4 6 8cv (m2yr)

0 001 002 003Cαε

00

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

0 02 04 06

Dep

th (m

)

Ccε0 002 004 006

Crε

BAC 12







bull Maintenance

13


Dp

t1 ltlt t2

With W D

t1

Time (log)

Sett

lem

ent

No W D

t2



14


t1 t2 lt t3

Ssrsquo lt Ss

HF

H

HF

FSL

HF = Preload Height

t3

S Ssrsquo

Ss

t2 t1

HS

HS


t


15


16


17


Design Process



18

Treatment Options

Above Ground




Below Ground




19


20


21


Raleigh Deviation

Y2C

22


BAC



CONTROLLED

WICK

PAVEMENT

SELECT FILL

EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM





23


Y2C

24


Y2C 25


BBA

26


WM7 27


28


CKE 29


30


BH2Y 31


GUP

32


CWL Y2C 33





34



35



36

Risk Management


bull Interpretation







Risk Management



First PassDesign

Construction






Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38


Y2C

11


10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

10 15 20 25

Dep

th (m

)

Bulk Density (kNm3)

0 20 40 60 80 100



0 1 2 3 4 5OCR





0 2 4 6 8cv (m2yr)

0 001 002 003Cαε

00

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

0 02 04 06

Dep

th (m

)

Ccε0 002 004 006

Crε

BAC 12







bull Maintenance

13


Dp

t1 ltlt t2

With W D

t1

Time (log)

Sett

lem

ent

No W D

t2



14


t1 t2 lt t3

Ssrsquo lt Ss

HF

H

HF

FSL

HF = Preload Height

t3

S Ssrsquo

Ss

t2 t1

HS

HS


t


15


16


17


Design Process



18

Treatment Options

Above Ground




Below Ground




19


20


21


Raleigh Deviation

Y2C

22


BAC



CONTROLLED

WICK

PAVEMENT

SELECT FILL

EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM





23


Y2C

24


Y2C 25


BBA

26


WM7 27


28


CKE 29


30


BH2Y 31


GUP

32


CWL Y2C 33





34



35



36

Risk Management


bull Interpretation







Risk Management



First PassDesign

Construction






Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38


10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

10 15 20 25

Dep

th (m

)

Bulk Density (kNm3)

0 20 40 60 80 100



0 1 2 3 4 5OCR





0 2 4 6 8cv (m2yr)

0 001 002 003Cαε

00

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

0 02 04 06

Dep

th (m

)

Ccε0 002 004 006

Crε

BAC 12







bull Maintenance

13


Dp

t1 ltlt t2

With W D

t1

Time (log)

Sett

lem

ent

No W D

t2



14


t1 t2 lt t3

Ssrsquo lt Ss

HF

H

HF

FSL

HF = Preload Height

t3

S Ssrsquo

Ss

t2 t1

HS

HS


t


15


16


17


Design Process



18

Treatment Options

Above Ground




Below Ground




19


20


21


Raleigh Deviation

Y2C

22


BAC



CONTROLLED

WICK

PAVEMENT

SELECT FILL

EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM





23


Y2C

24


Y2C 25


BBA

26


WM7 27


28


CKE 29


30


BH2Y 31


GUP

32


CWL Y2C 33





34



35



36

Risk Management


bull Interpretation







Risk Management



First PassDesign

Construction






Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38







bull Maintenance

13


Dp

t1 ltlt t2

With W D

t1

Time (log)

Sett

lem

ent

No W D

t2



14


t1 t2 lt t3

Ssrsquo lt Ss

HF

H

HF

FSL

HF = Preload Height

t3

S Ssrsquo

Ss

t2 t1

HS

HS


t


15


16


17


Design Process



18

Treatment Options

Above Ground




Below Ground




19


20


21


Raleigh Deviation

Y2C

22


BAC



CONTROLLED

WICK

PAVEMENT

SELECT FILL

EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM





23


Y2C

24


Y2C 25


BBA

26


WM7 27


28


CKE 29


30


BH2Y 31


GUP

32


CWL Y2C 33





34



35



36

Risk Management


bull Interpretation







Risk Management



First PassDesign

Construction






Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38


Dp

t1 ltlt t2

With W D

t1

Time (log)

Sett

lem

ent

No W D

t2



14


t1 t2 lt t3

Ssrsquo lt Ss

HF

H

HF

FSL

HF = Preload Height

t3

S Ssrsquo

Ss

t2 t1

HS

HS


t


15


16


17


Design Process



18

Treatment Options

Above Ground




Below Ground




19


20


21


Raleigh Deviation

Y2C

22


BAC



CONTROLLED

WICK

PAVEMENT

SELECT FILL

EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM





23


Y2C

24


Y2C 25


BBA

26


WM7 27


28


CKE 29


30


BH2Y 31


GUP

32


CWL Y2C 33





34



35



36

Risk Management


bull Interpretation







Risk Management



First PassDesign

Construction






Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38


t1 t2 lt t3

Ssrsquo lt Ss

HF

H

HF

FSL

HF = Preload Height

t3

S Ssrsquo

Ss

t2 t1

HS

HS


t


15


16


17


Design Process



18

Treatment Options

Above Ground




Below Ground




19


20


21


Raleigh Deviation

Y2C

22


BAC



CONTROLLED

WICK

PAVEMENT

SELECT FILL

EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM





23


Y2C

24


Y2C 25


BBA

26


WM7 27


28


CKE 29


30


BH2Y 31


GUP

32


CWL Y2C 33





34



35



36

Risk Management


bull Interpretation







Risk Management



First PassDesign

Construction






Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38


16


17


Design Process



18

Treatment Options

Above Ground




Below Ground




19


20


21


Raleigh Deviation

Y2C

22


BAC



CONTROLLED

WICK

PAVEMENT

SELECT FILL

EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM





23


Y2C

24


Y2C 25


BBA

26


WM7 27


28


CKE 29


30


BH2Y 31


GUP

32


CWL Y2C 33





34



35



36

Risk Management


bull Interpretation







Risk Management



First PassDesign

Construction






Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38


17


Design Process



18

Treatment Options

Above Ground




Below Ground




19


20


21


Raleigh Deviation

Y2C

22


BAC



CONTROLLED

WICK

PAVEMENT

SELECT FILL

EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM





23


Y2C

24


Y2C 25


BBA

26


WM7 27


28


CKE 29


30


BH2Y 31


GUP

32


CWL Y2C 33





34



35



36

Risk Management


bull Interpretation







Risk Management



First PassDesign

Construction






Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38


Design Process



18

Treatment Options

Above Ground




Below Ground




19


20


21


Raleigh Deviation

Y2C

22


BAC



CONTROLLED

WICK

PAVEMENT

SELECT FILL

EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM





23


Y2C

24


Y2C 25


BBA

26


WM7 27


28


CKE 29


30


BH2Y 31


GUP

32


CWL Y2C 33





34



35



36

Risk Management


bull Interpretation







Risk Management



First PassDesign

Construction






Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38

Treatment Options

Above Ground




Below Ground




19


20


21


Raleigh Deviation

Y2C

22


BAC



CONTROLLED

WICK

PAVEMENT

SELECT FILL

EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM





23


Y2C

24


Y2C 25


BBA

26


WM7 27


28


CKE 29


30


BH2Y 31


GUP

32


CWL Y2C 33





34



35



36

Risk Management


bull Interpretation







Risk Management



First PassDesign

Construction






Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38


20


21


Raleigh Deviation

Y2C

22


BAC



CONTROLLED

WICK

PAVEMENT

SELECT FILL

EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM





23


Y2C

24


Y2C 25


BBA

26


WM7 27


28


CKE 29


30


BH2Y 31


GUP

32


CWL Y2C 33





34



35



36

Risk Management


bull Interpretation







Risk Management



First PassDesign

Construction






Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38


21


Raleigh Deviation

Y2C

22


BAC



CONTROLLED

WICK

PAVEMENT

SELECT FILL

EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM





23


Y2C

24


Y2C 25


BBA

26


WM7 27


28


CKE 29


30


BH2Y 31


GUP

32


CWL Y2C 33





34



35



36

Risk Management


bull Interpretation







Risk Management



First PassDesign

Construction






Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38


Raleigh Deviation

Y2C

22


BAC



CONTROLLED

WICK

PAVEMENT

SELECT FILL

EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM





23


Y2C

24


Y2C 25


BBA

26


WM7 27


28


CKE 29


30


BH2Y 31


GUP

32


CWL Y2C 33





34



35



36

Risk Management


bull Interpretation







Risk Management



First PassDesign

Construction






Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38


BAC



CONTROLLED

WICK

PAVEMENT

SELECT FILL

EPS-BLOCK GEOFOAM





23


Y2C

24


Y2C 25


BBA

26


WM7 27


28


CKE 29


30


BH2Y 31


GUP

32


CWL Y2C 33





34



35



36

Risk Management


bull Interpretation







Risk Management



First PassDesign

Construction






Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38


Y2C

24


Y2C 25


BBA

26


WM7 27


28


CKE 29


30


BH2Y 31


GUP

32


CWL Y2C 33





34



35



36

Risk Management


bull Interpretation







Risk Management



First PassDesign

Construction






Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38


Y2C 25


BBA

26


WM7 27


28


CKE 29


30


BH2Y 31


GUP

32


CWL Y2C 33





34



35



36

Risk Management


bull Interpretation







Risk Management



First PassDesign

Construction






Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38


BBA

26


WM7 27


28


CKE 29


30


BH2Y 31


GUP

32


CWL Y2C 33





34



35



36

Risk Management


bull Interpretation







Risk Management



First PassDesign

Construction






Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38


WM7 27


28


CKE 29


30


BH2Y 31


GUP

32


CWL Y2C 33





34



35



36

Risk Management


bull Interpretation







Risk Management



First PassDesign

Construction






Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38


28


CKE 29


30


BH2Y 31


GUP

32


CWL Y2C 33





34



35



36

Risk Management


bull Interpretation







Risk Management



First PassDesign

Construction






Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38


CKE 29


30


BH2Y 31


GUP

32


CWL Y2C 33





34



35



36

Risk Management


bull Interpretation







Risk Management



First PassDesign

Construction






Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38


30


BH2Y 31


GUP

32


CWL Y2C 33





34



35



36

Risk Management


bull Interpretation







Risk Management



First PassDesign

Construction






Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38


BH2Y 31


GUP

32


CWL Y2C 33





34



35



36

Risk Management


bull Interpretation







Risk Management



First PassDesign

Construction






Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38


GUP

32


CWL Y2C 33





34



35



36

Risk Management


bull Interpretation







Risk Management



First PassDesign

Construction






Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38


CWL Y2C 33





34



35



36

Risk Management


bull Interpretation







Risk Management



First PassDesign

Construction






Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38





34



35



36

Risk Management


bull Interpretation







Risk Management



First PassDesign

Construction






Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38



35



36

Risk Management


bull Interpretation







Risk Management



First PassDesign

Construction






Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38



36

Risk Management


bull Interpretation







Risk Management



First PassDesign

Construction






Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38

Risk Management


bull Interpretation







Risk Management



First PassDesign

Construction






Finish

OK

NG

37

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38

Insert Heading

Thank You

38

Slide Number 1

Outline

Soft Soil Behaviour
















Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Treatment Options




Risk Management

Slide Number 38

experience in soft ground engineering - ags (hkags-hk.org/notes/18/05_softsoil_jeff.pdfsoft soil...

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