evolution of solar power in india | opportunities & challenges by green dream foundation

Evolution of Solar Power in India

Opportunities &Challenges

Ashish SachdevaFounder, Green Dream Foundation

MENA Solar Power Forum, September 18th, 2012 | Green Dream Foundation

Solar Energy Policies in India

1974-1979 (5th Five Year Plan)Minimum Needs Programme (MNP)



To cover at least 60% of villages in each state and union territory under the rural electrification programme by 1990.

46,464 additional villages were fixed for the Sixth Five Year Plan under the MNP.

Out of the 46,464 villages, actual achievement was estimated at 34,489 villages.


1988-1989Kutir Jyoti Scheme



Nearly 600,000 households connected in 15 years or at a rate of approximately 40,000 households per year .

Extending single-point light connections to households of rural poor families below the poverty line, including Harijan and Adivasi families.


2005Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY)



The Rural Electrification Corporation (REC) is the nodal agency for the programme.

90% grant is provided by Govt. of India and 10% as loan by REC to the State Governments.

Providing electricity Connection to Below Poverty Line (BPL) families free of charge.


2007Semi-Conductor Policy



Encourage semiconductor and ecosystem manufacturing, of which solar PV is also a component.

A capital subsidy of 20% for manufacturing plants in Special Economic Zones (SEZ) and 25% for manufacturing plants outside of SEZs.The proposal should contain the data, surveys, projections, business plan, phasing of expenditure and timelines for project implementation.


2009Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM)



Establish India as a global leader in solar energy, by creating the policy conditions for its diffusion across the country as quickly as possible.

Target of 20,000 MW and stipulates implementation and achievement of the target in 3 phases.

First Phase - 2012-13,Second Phase - 2013 to 2017 &Third Phase - 2017 to 2022


2010Launch of Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission

JNNSM Off-Grid Guidelines Released


ROADBLOCKSin buildingCAPTIVE SOLAR PROJECTSin INDIA


Uncertainty in Weather

- the design of a solar power generation system involves either the use of historical weather data or weather forecast methods to predict the future temporal evolution of the solar energy system.

- unpredictable weather fluctuations will inevitably result to suboptimal system operation


Solar Irradiance

- the variable power flow due to the fluctuation of solar irradiance and temperature are some of the parameters that affect the power quality of photovoltaic systems.

- with high connection densities of photovoltaic in the distribution grid, low irradiance can lead to undesirable variations of power and supply quality (voltage and current) at the connection point.


Initial Cost

- the high initial cost of solar PV systems is one of the most significant barriers to PV adoption.

- however, as the initial cost of PV system decreases and the cost of conventional fuel sources increases, these systems will become more economically competitive.


Surplus Power

- in India, net metering system is currently not available and thus the surplus power generated from renewable energy sources cannot be sold to the utilities.

-- when it is not connected to the grid, excess energy that is generated is not fed out to the utility to give you an energy credit (this can happen with on-grid systems). Off-grid systems must use the surplus or lose it.


Energy Storage

- off-grid PV systems typically use batteries for storing energy, and the use of batteries could increase the:

size, cost and complexity

of the system.


Education & Awareness

- PV systems present a new and unfamiliar technology; few people understand value and feasibility.

- this lack of information slows market and technological growth.


The ROAD AHEAD

India's Solar Potential &it’s Limitations


Current Status

- with about 300 clear, sunny days in a year, India's theoretical solar power reception, on only its land area, is about 5000 Petawatt-hours per year (PWh/yr) (i.e. 5000 trillion kWh/yr).

- the daily average solar energy incident over India varies from 4 to 7 kWh/m2 with about 1500–2000 sunshine hours per year.


Current Status

- assuming the efficiency of PV modules were as low as 10%, this would still be a thousand times greater than the domestic electricity demand projected for 2015.

- 25.1 MW was added in 2010 and 468.3 MW in 2011. India expects to install an additional 10,000 MW by 2017, and a total of 20,000 MW by 2022.MENA Solar Power Forum, September 18th, 2012 | Green Dream Foundation

Challenges

- land is a scarce resource in India and per capita land availability is low.

- the amount of land required for utility-scale solar power plants—currently approximately 1 km2 for every 20–60 megawatts (MW) generated—could pose a strain on India's available land resource.


Challenges Contd.

- the architecture more suitable for most of India would be a highly distributed set of individual rooftop power generation systems, all connected via a local grid.

- however, erecting such an infrastructure, which does not enjoy the economies of scale possible in mass, utility-scale, solar panel deployment, needs the market price of solar technology to substantially decline.


Future (looks bright)

- according to a 2011 report by GTM Research and Bridge, India is facing a perfect storm of factors that will drive solar photovoltaic (PV) adoption at a "furious pace over the next five years and beyond".

- the falling prices of PV panels, mostly from China but also from the U.S., has coincided with the growing cost of grid power in India.MENA Solar Power Forum, September 18th, 2012 | Green Dream Foundation

Government Support

- 51 Solar Radiation Resource Assessment stations have been installed across India by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) to monitor the availability of solar energy.

- budget for 2010/11 - allocation of US $181 million towards the JNNSM.

- the budget also proposed a coal tax of US $1 per metric ton on domestic and imported coal used for power generation.MENA Solar Power Forum, September 18th, 2012 | Green Dream Foundation

Green Dream Foundation


Green Dream Foundation is a non-profit organization focused on generating environmental awareness among people to stand against the biggest concern before the world in the 21st Century i.e. Global Warming.

We are a focused group that has and will continue to create

awareness, drive action and influence formulation for a better

environment globally..MENA Solar Power Forum, September 18th, 2012 | Green Dream Foundation

What do we do?


We Educate &?

- we have been extensively promoting the use of solar energy by individuals and organisations, both.

- looking to partner with solar solution providers so we can make the implementation process easier for organizations.

- our objective is to be on the front-lines, catalysing solar markets, and helping people recognize the value of solar as a clean, renewable energy source.


Some Pictures


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www.greendreamfoundation.org

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Content by

Yukti Ballani & Ashish Sachdeva

Design by

Ashish Sachdeva

Credits

evolution of solar power in india | opportunities & challenges by green dream foundation

Education

evolution of solar power

thmena solar power forum

indiamena solar power

solar energy system

solar energy policies

solar power generation

surplus power

variable power flow