www.graduateschoolofsocialsciences.uva.nl

Location:Prins Hendrikkade 189-b1011 TD Amsterdam

Phone: +31-20-5253777Fax: + 31-20-5253778

Email: gsss@uva.nl

On writing, annotating, notes, references and in particular …everything you always wanted to know about plagiarism

by Mark Rutgers

Introduction

Academic writing

• Academic or professional:

• Writing is at the heart of any science /

study

• Proof, arguments, knowledge …

Reporting

• Research: primary & secondary resources

• Paper/ thesis/ article: your findings !

• How?

Standing on the shoulders of giants

Tools:

Annotation: mentioning in the text of the source

• In text• Foot notes• End notes

• Bibliography / references• Alphabatic list of sources

Many stylesAlways:

• author(s) • year• full title• (edition)• publisher• place

APA: American Psychological Association

MLA: Modern Language Association

Chicago: Chicago University Press

ASA: American Sociological Association

APSR: American Political Science Review

Harvard style

‘APA’ in-text annotation

• One author: (Becker, 1987, p. 66)

• Two authors:

(Long & Jones, 2004, p. 89-94)

• Two authors or more:

(Lyons et al, 2001, p. 45).

BooksSurname, first name or initials (year of

publication). Title of book. place of publication: publisher.

Example:Brubaker, R. (1984). The limits of rationality.

An essay on the social and moral thought of Max Weber. London: George Allen & Unwin.

Book chapterSurname, first name or initials (year of

publication). Title of chapter. In authors/editor (Eds.) Title of book (pages). place of publication: publisher.

Example:Hekman, S. J. (1994). Weber and post-

positivist social theory. In A. Horowitz & T. Maley(Eds.), The barbarism of reason: Max Weber and the twilight of enlightenment (pp. 267-286). Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press.

Another example

Weber, M. (1985b). Wissenschaft als beruf [Science as a vocation]. In J. Winckelmann (Ed.), Gesammelte aufsätze zur wissenschaftslehre (6th ed., pp. 582-613). Tübingen, Germany: Mohr/Siebeck. (Original work published 1919).

Journal articles

Surname, first name or initials year of publication, ‘Title of article’, Title of journal, Vol., No., pp.

Example:

Levine, D. N. (1981). Rationality and freedom: Weber and beyond. Sociological Inquiry, 51, 5-25.

Web page with authorWeb Journal:

Surname, first name or initials (year of publication). Title of the article, Title of periodicle, vol., pp. Retrieved date from source/URL.

Other:Surname, first name or initials (year of publication).

Title of article . Retrieved date from source/URL.

Example: Albanese, A (2009). Fairer compensation for air travellers, media release, 29 January, Minister for Local Government, viewed 30 January 2009, <http://www.minister.infrastructure.gov.au/aa/releas es/2009/ January/AA007_2009.htm>.

Web page without author

Site, Title, year, date you visited the site, complete URL.

Example: University of Queensland Library 2009, Mechanical engineering subject guide, University of Queensland Library, viewed 6 February 2009, <http://www.library.uq.edu.au/findits/findit.php?tit le= Mechanical+Engineering>.

Purpose of Annotation

• Give credit where due, show respect • Protect copyright / authorship• Make information verifiable• Support your claims/arguments

• Simply the honerable and right thing to do !• Ethics of Scientific Publication !!

Fraud “Criminal deception, use of false

representation to gain un just advantage: dishonest artifice or trick” (Sykes, J.B. (1976). The concise oxford dictionary. 6th ed. Oxford: Claredon Press, p. 420)

• Using any aid during exam• Attempting to copying form another student

during an exam• Letting someone else take your exam• Making up data, changing data, omitting

(unwellcome) data

Plagiarism“The act of appropriating the literary

composition of another author, or excerpts, ideas, or passages therefrom, and passing the material off as one's own creation” (Plagiarism, visited 28-08-2010, http://legal- dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Plagerism)

• Copying anothers text• Failing to properly indicate origin of ideas• Submitting a text similar to a previosu assigment

Dutch law

Dutch copyright law (auteursrecht)• article 15: allows citation in a scientific

publication, if, the length of the citation is appropriate to the purpose and if the source (if known) is explicitly mentioned.

• article 31 punishment of maximum of 6 month prison and fine of 18.500 Euro

GSSS / Dutch higher education law

See: www.student.uva.nl/ (A-Z -> rules and regulations -> plagiarism)

In case of fraud/plagiarism: • Examination board is notified • You will be heard• Sanctions:

– Examination/paper marked as invalid, exclusion from next exam opportunity

– Exclusion from multiple/all exams for up to 12 months (and no thesis support)

– Ending of enrolment at UvA

GSSS / UvA

Paraphrasing

Quoting

http://www.student.uva.nl/ifk/actueelifk.cfm/23E7A8DE-1321-B0BE- 68DADBF5C01A914D

How and when to useother’s work?

Examples In the case of moral action, something is done for

its own sake, “as if I do not want to do anything else” (Kant, 1785/1981a, p. 75).

As Kant (1785/1997) stated, it “represents the practical necessity of a possible action as a means to achieving something else that one is willing” (p. 25).

Weber (1972) said that purpose-rational action is neither affectual nor traditional.

Example

Weber is generally understood as epistemologically a (neo-) Kantian, and his ideas shared “some powerful structural affinities with Kantianism” (Lenhardt,1994, p. 22).6

6. Weber, however, studied works of Kant at an early age, and in his works one finds several references to Kant (Dassen, 1999).

Example

As indicated on the GSSS website, the GSSS offers a wide range of Dutch and English taught master’s programmes in the social sciences.¹

1) GSSS, visited on 17-09-09, http://www.gsss.nl

Bibliography / References

1) Academic work always contains a

bibliography

2) The list of references is in alphabetical

order

3) The bibliography is complete (and not

over complete)

Just in case…• Ephorus• Google• ….

A reminder

Honesty and providing your sources is essential to academic work and integrity

Writing is sometimes and can be very rewarding

Trial & Error is an essential part of learningFraud & Plagiarism is not …